Design Patterns in Java 8
Contact Info
Ken Kousen
Kousen IT, Inc.
ken.kousen@kousenit.com
http://www.kousenit.com
http://kousenit.org (blog)
@kenkousen
Videos
O'Reilly video courses: See Safari Books Online for details
Groovy Programming Fundamentals
Practical Groovy Programming
Mastering Groovy Programming
Learning Android
Practical Android
Gradle Fundamentals
Gradle for Android
Spring Framework Essentials
Advanced Java Development
Modern Java Recipes
Source code:
https://github.com/kousen/java_8_recipes
https://github.com/kousen/from-gof-to-lambda
which my fork of Mario Fusco's
https://github.com/mariofusco/from-gof-to-lambda
Also from Venkat Subramaniam's Agile Developer site
http://agiledeveloper.com/
Mario Fusco
Design Patterns posts:
https://www.voxxed.com/2016/04/gang-four-patterns-functional-light-part-1/
https://www.voxxed.com/2016/05/gang-four-patterns-functional-light-part-2/
https://www.voxxed.com/2016/05/gang-four-patterns-functional-light-part-3/
Me: Hey, I'm writing a talk on design patterns in Java
You: Dude, 1994 called and they want their talk back
Me: Yeah, well, 1998 called and they want their meme back
You: Tell them they can keep it
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=X%20Called%2C%20they%20want%20their%20Y%20Back
Design Patterns:
Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software
Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides
Published October 1994 (!)
That book sold over 500,000 copies
That book sold over 500,000 copies
Mine haven't sold that many, or I wouldn't be here
That book sold over 500,000 copies
Mine haven't sold that many, or I wouldn't be here
(Maybe I would, but I'd be staying in a better hotel)
That book sold over 500,000 copies
Mine haven't sold that many, or I wouldn't be here
(Maybe I would, but I'd be staying in a better hotel)
(And I'd be driving a brand new Tesla)
That book sold over 500,000 copies
Mine haven't sold that many, or I wouldn't be here
(Maybe I would, but I'd be staying in a better hotel)
(And I'd be driving a brand new Tesla)
(And I would never, ever fly coach again. <Wistful sigh>)
Design Patterns book
Code examples were in what languages?
Design Patterns book
Code examples were in what languages?
Anybody?
Design Patterns book
Code examples were in what languages?
Anybody?
Yup: C++ and Smalltalk
GoF Patterns
Three categories:
- Creational
- Structural
- Behavioral
GoF Patterns
Wait, what? Behavioral? Why wrap operations inside classes?
https://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2006/03/execution-in-kingdom-of-nouns.html
GoF Patterns
Wait, what? Behavioral? Why wrap operations inside classes?
https://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2006/03/execution-in-kingdom-of-nouns.html
But now we have lambda expressions
TRIGGER WARNING: UML Diagrams ahead
Iterator
Okay, this one's easy. As of Java 1.2:
java.util.Iterator
- boolean hasNext()
- E next()
- default void remove()
- default void forEachRemaining(Consumer)
Iterator
By Trashtoy - My own work written with text editor., Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1698830
Iterator
But there's more (Java 1.5)
java.util.Iterable
- default void forEach(Consumer)
- Iterator<T> iterator()
- default Spliterator<T> spliterator()
Used in for-each loops
Iterator
java.util.Collection extends Iterable
Returns an iterator via the iterator() method
Concrete classes implement as an inner class
Iterator
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
…
}
Iterator
@Override
public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (E e : a) {
action.accept(e);
}
}
Command
Creates objects to encapsulate actions and parameters
By Sae1962 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=55066657
Command
Define a Command interface, usually with a single method
Create classes that implement that method
Create an "executor"
- Takes a collection of Command objects
- Executes the interface method on each one
Command
Java 8 adds lambda expressions
Now you don't need an object wrapper
All you need is to pick a functional interface
Runnable is frequently a good choice
Command
This all sounds familiar
Remember Jakarta Apache Struts 1 2?
A Model 2 framework
Command
This all sounds familiar
Remember Jakarta Apache Struts 1 2?
A Model 2 framework
Controllers are classes that extend Action
Command
This all sounds familiar
Remember Jakarta Apache Struts 1 2?
A Model 2 framework
Controllers are classes that extend Action
Action has a single method called execute()
Command
This all sounds familiar
Remember Jakarta Apache Struts 1 2?
A Model 2 framework
Controllers are classes that extend Action
Action has a single method called execute()
Framework collected Action instances and invoked execute as needed
COMPANY
Strategy
Select one of a family of algorithms at run time
By Bocsika - Own work, CC0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14646202
Strategy
Container delegates to a "Strategy" object
Include a setter method to select the Strategy
Create multiple classes that all implement the Strategy
User chooses strategy and executes method on Container
Strategy
How do lambdas change that?
Each strategy implements a functional interface
Container methods take lambdas as argument(s)
What else happened in 1994?
- O.J. Simpson drives a Ford Bronco on the highway
Howard, you have no idea what's coming...
Decorator (Wrapper)
Dynamically adds/overrides behavior on an object
Replaces inheritance with composition
By Trashtoy - My own work, written with text editor., Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1797712
Decorator
Concrete classes and decorators both implement same interface
Concrete classes can stand alone; decorators can not
Decorators wrap concrete classes and each other
Method call passes through the series of objects and back
Decorator
How do lambdas change that?
Closure composition
Predicate: and, or, negate
Consumer: andThen
Function: andThen, compose
reduce(BinaryOperator) method builds complete closure
1994: Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan kerfuffle
Chain of Responsibility
Delegates commands to a chain of processing objects
Chain of Responsibility
By Vanderjoe - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62530468
Chain of Responsibility
Handlers form a chain, which is essentially a linked list
Each handler either handles the argument, or passes it on
Chain of Responsibility
What happens with lambdas?
Decisions using filter(Predicate)
Handle using map(Function)
Note: Java 9 adds stream method to Optional
Also from 1994
The Lion King
Remember: before it all worked out,
Scar became King
The Lion King
(along with his kids
Scar, Jr, Eric, and Ivanka)
Execute Around Method
Not GoF, but related to Template Method
Scala people call it Loan
Execute Around Method
Put resource management in the infrastructure
Allocation, cleanup
Client provides a Consumer that uses the Resource
By Giacomo Ritucci - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=738381
Template Method
Create a (final) method that delegates to others
Client overrides the other methods
Template method calls the others in the proper order
Template Method
How do lambdas help?
Each method is a Function
Function maps from arg to Optional
Make a stream of them
Filter on Optional.isPresent()
Use findFirst() to get the actual result
Conclusions
- Design Patterns wrapped methods in classes
- Lambdas let us unwrap them
- Composition helps
Remember:
"a comic says funny things; a comedian says things funny"
Conclusions
- Design Patterns wrapped methods in classes
- Lambdas let us unwrap them
- Composition helps
Remember:
"a comic says funny things; a comedian says things funny"
That makes me a … software developer.
