Feedforward Feedback Control System
‘’Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Institute of Technology
Nirma University
Ansh Vyas Jignasha Dobariya
16BIC003 16BIC012
Guided By: - Prof. ViditaTilva
COMPARSION BETWEEN
INTRODUCTION FEEDFORWARD AND
FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM
In certain situations, the
performance of control systems
can be enhanced greatly by the Feedforward Control Feedback Control
application of feedforward
control. What you need to look for Disturbances are CV is measurable
are two key characteristics.
measurable
Control MV based on Control MV based on
An identifiable disturbance is
affecting significantly the disturbances control ERROR
measured variable, in spite of the
attempts of a feedback control Open-loop, No Stability Closed-loop, Stability is
system to regulate these effects,
and This disturbance can be Problem the most important
measured, perhaps with the
addition of instrumentation. Only some disturbances All disturbances are
are detected detected
Also, we would be interesting in
Accurate model needed No accurate model
controlling the source of the
disturbance locally, before it for both of Control and needed
affects our main process, if that
were possible. If it is possible, we Disturbance Paths
would usually implement cascade
control, not feedforward control Not adaptable to Adaptable to nonlinear
nonlinear or time-varied or time-varied systems
systems
variables and take corrective action before
they upset the process.
Examples of Feedforward Control
Here the setpoint is fixed in the
1. Shower feedforward controller after doing little
Hear toilet flush (measurement) complex mathematical derivations. The
Adjust water to compensate feedforward controller determines the
Feedback is when you needed change in the manipulated
wait for the water to variable, so that, when the effect of the
turn hot before disturbance is combined with the effect of
changing the setting the change in the manipulated variable,
there will be no change in the controlled
2. Car approaching hill
variable at all. The disturbance is
See how steep the hill is measured at the input side of the process
(measurement) and the manipulating variable also, so the
Push on pedal to keep steady speed controlling process is done before a
disturbance affects the process.
Feedback is to wait for slowing
before adjusting pedal
3. Chemical system
Measure something in feed stream. FEEDBACK CONTROL SCHEME
FEEDFORWARD CONTROL SCHEME
A feedback loop is a common and
powerful tool when designing a control
system. Feedback loops take the system
output into consideration, which enables
the system to adjust its performance to
Using feedforward control the performance meet a desired output response.
of control systems can be enhanced
greatly.
Process variables such as pressure, level,
flow, temperature are interrelated and so
one variable may affect another as a
disturbance in the process. Feedforward
system measure important disturbance
FEEDBACK COTROL
Feedback control is an important 4. In some situations, the controlled
technique that is widely used in the variable cannot be measured on-line,
process industries. and, consequently, feedback control
is not feasible.
Its main advantages are as follows.
1. Corrective action occurs as soon as FEEDFORWARD COTROL
the controlled variable deviates from
the set point, regardless of the
source and type of disturbance. The basic concept of feedforward control is
2. Feedback control requires minimal to measure important disturbance
knowledge about the process to be variables and take corrective action before
controlled; it particular, a they upset the process.
mathematical model of the process is
not required, although it can be very Feedforward control has several
useful for control system design. disadvantages:
3. The ubiquitous PID controller is both
versatile and robust. If process 1. The disturbance variables must be
conditions change, retuning the measured on-line. In many
controller usually produces applications, this is not feasible.
satisfactory control. 2. To make effective use of feedforward
control, at least an approximate
However, feedback control also has certain process model should be available.
inherent disadvantages: In particular, we need to know how
the controlled variable responds to
1. No corrective action is taken until changes in both the disturbance and
after a deviation in the controlled manipulated variables. The quality of
variable occurs. Thus, perfect feedforward control depends on the
control, where the controlled accuracy of the process model.
variable does not deviate from the 3. Ideal feedforward controllers that are
set point during disturbance or set- theoretically capable of achieving
point changes, is theoretically perfect control may not be physically
impossible. realizable. Fortunately, practical
2. Feedback control does not provide approximations of these ideal
predictive control action to controllers often provide very
compensate for the effects of known effective control.
or measurable disturbances.
3. It may not be satisfactory for
processes with large time constants
and/or long time delays. If large and
frequent disturbances occur, the
process may operate continuously in
a transient state and never attain
the desired steady state.
Reference
Simulation Results of Linear
Feedforward Controllers Book: - Process Systems Analysis and
Control by D.R. Coughnowr
Output of Transmitter
42
Strong Dynamic
41 Feedforward Control
Dynamic Feedforward Control
40
39 Steady-State Feedforward Control
38
Weak Dynamic Feedforward Control
%
37
36
35
34
Without Feedforward Control
33
32
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time, min
Summary
1. Cases which may introduce
feedforward control
2. Primary Controlled Variable is not
measurable
3. Primary CV is measurable, but some
disturbances are too strong for
feedback control systems
4. Conditions to apply feedforward control
5. Main disturbances are measurable
6. Response speed of disturbance path is
slower than that of control path
7. Characteristics of disturbance and
control path are almost invariable
