SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1
Gauri tope, 2A.S. Patel
1,2
Department of E&TC M.S.S college of Engineering (Jalna)
Email: 1gauritope0@gmail.com, 2atmeshpatel@gmail.com

Abstract production in most parts of the world is rainfall.

The smart irrigation system was developed to The three main factor that characterize rainfall
optimize water use for agricultural crops. The are amount, frequency and intensity, the values
system has a distributed wireless network of of which vary spatially and temporally. When the
soil-moisture and temperature sensors placed weather does not provide enough rainfall to feed
in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a agricultural needs, farmers should supplement
gateway unit handles sensor information, water available through rainfall by some type of
triggers actuators,and transmits data to a web irrigation to manage the soil moisture and
application. An algorithm was developed with nutrient concentration to create the optimum-
threshold values of temperature and soil growing environment. With limited availability
moisture that was programmed into a of freshwater and increasing costs of energy and
microcontroller-based gateway to control manpower, irrigation, which can contribute
water quantity. The system was powered by substantially to crop production should be
solar panels and had a duplex communication planned and managed in such a way that no drop
link based on a cellular-Internet interface that will be wasted.
allowed for data inspection and irrigation Due to complexities in the precise knowledge of
scheduling to be programmed through a web the rainfall's main characteristics, the irrigation
page. scheduling cannot be planned neither on the
Index Terms: Automation, cellular networks, minimum values of the average precipitation
Internet, irrigation, measurement, water during the growing season nor on the maximum.
resources, wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The former may lead to an over-irrigation
causing crop diseases and waste of water,
I. INTRODUCTION fertilizer, and energy. Also, and besides running
Indian agriculture is dependent on the monsoons off and evaporating, the excess water will
which is not sufficient sources of water. The percolate deep to soil layers below the root zone
automatic irrigation system can provide water to with all nitrates and other pesticides it contains
farms according to their moisture and soil types. polluting the ground water. The latter on the
Suitable water supply is required because of other hand, leads to an under-irrigation causing a
most of the farms are depends upon the highly reduction in both crops quantity and
monsoon. quality.Therefore, deciding when to turn on the
In conventional system, the farmer has follow a irrigation system and how much water to apply
schedule for watering, which is different for is a complex decision-making process.With
different crops. Too much watering causes increasing population pressure throughout the
diseases to plants and even they die out. To nation and need for increased agricultural
provides uniform and required level of water for production there is need for management of
both plain and sloppy areas and avoids the water nation agricultural resources. The real time
overflow at the sloppy areas and considering the values of soil moisture, air humidity, temperature
current labor shortage situation, the automated and water level in the soil are wirelessly
sensing system will be most appropriate. The transmitted using wireless technology and
primary source of water in agricultural

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protection from insect attack to the crop for humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor and the
better production. system also consist of microcontroller 328P,
The objective of this project is to save water and GSM module, LCD, and zigbee module.
reduce human intervention in the agriculture Fig.2. Receiver
field. Continuously Monitoring the status of 2.1 Sensors
sensors and provide signal for taking necessary As shown in the transmitter block there are
action. To get the output of soil water sensor &
provide water to crop accordingly. To observe
other parameters for better yield.

II. RELATED WORK

There are many works on the application of
WSN for monitoring system such as in [2],
where Zigbee is used to monitor the condition of
long span bridge after considering disadvantages
of the currently used wire and cable for data
communications such as high installation cost of
communication and power supply for the three sensors used in the system, which are
sensors, difficulty in the installation of steel mainly as follows:
pipeline for protecting the cables, sensor data a. Temperature
distortions due to temperature changes on cables, b. Soil moisture
noise affecting cables and sensors etc. The c. Humidity
Zigbee is used for the short distance The LM35 precision integrated-circuit
communication whereas CDMA (Code Division temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
Multiple Access) infrastructure was used for linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
long distance communication between sensors temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage
and the server over linear temperature sensors calibrated in°
system. Recent advances in microelectronics and Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a
wireless technologies created low-cost and low- large constant voltage from its output to obtain
power components, which are important issues convenient Centigrade scaling.LM35 is
especially for such systems such as WSN temperature sensor is used to sensing the
[4].Power management has been addressed in temperature.It is integrated circuit that can be
both hardware and software with new electronic used to measure temperature with electrical
designs and operation techniques. The selection output It is more accurateand its operating
of a microprocessor becomes important in power temperature range is from -55 to 150 degree C.
aware design. A humidity sensor senses relative humidity. This
means that it measures both air temperature and
III. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN moisture. Relative humidity, expressed as a
percent, is the ratio of actual moisture in the air
to the highest amount of moisture air at that
temperature can hold. The warmer the air is, the
more moisture it can hold, so relative humidity
changes with fluctuations in temperature.
HS1100 is used for sensing humidity.Humidity
is measure in percentage of vapour in the air.
HS1100 gives the output in terms of frequency
range 5khz to 10khz.

Fig.1. Transmitter Soil moisture sensors measure the water content

in soil. A soil moisture probe is made up of
The block diagram of the system consists of two multiple soil moisture sensors. One common
sections: transmitter and receiver section which type of soil moisture sensors in commercial use
effectively measures parameters by using is a Frequency domain sensor such as a
different sensors like temperature sensor, capacitance sensor. Another sensor, the neutron

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moisture gauge, utilize the moderator properties Zigbee module.

of water for neutrons. In This sensor We are Zigbee 802.15.4 RF modules are of XBee family,
using 2 Probes to be dipped into the Soil As per looking for excellent wireless performance, it is
Moisture We will get Analog Output variations the premiere choice for OEMs and a small form
from 0.60volts - 12volts. Input Voltage 12 VDC. factor solution and also cost-effective. Every
XBee module comes in a two range that can be
2.2 Microcontroller used regular or long-range. Pin-for-pin compatibility
The ATmega328P is a low-power CMOS circuit is found in all XBee modules with the exception
with 8-bit microcontroller, and is depended on of a few varying I/O features, a standard
the AVR with enhanced RISC architecture. By footprint for OEMs is provided to different
executing high power instructions in a single applications.
clock frequency, the ATmega328P gets a result XBee Series 1 is depended on Zigbee 802.15.4
of throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz silicon from free scale. It is ideal for the
which allows the system designer to find topologies such as point-to-multipoint, point-to-
optimize power consumption versus processing point and peer-to-peer because of 802.15.4
speed. firmware feature. The XBee Series 1 gives the
2.3 Data Transmission user maximum control over minimum latency
GSM Module and network nodes. XBee Series 2 is referred
The SIM900 can be used embedded in many of from Zigbee/802.15.4 silicon which is from
the applications as it is complete Quad-band Ember. For creating ad-hoc mesh networks is
GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module. Feature based from features of Zigbee firmware.
for an industry-standard interface, the Automatic route discoveries are performed by
SIM900has the capability of delivering the XBee Series 2 which can create a self-healing
GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz network for the routers which are fully function
performance for voice, Data, SMS, and small and also for low-power end devices. Whereas
form factor Fax and requires low power XBee Series 1 and Series 2 modules do not
consumption. GSM900 has an small communicate with each other. It is basically
configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm, and can known for ease of use, the XBee modules are
be fit in nearly all the space requirement in M2M ready in form and can be operated out of the box
application, as there is slim and compact demand and an API for advanced, user-settable
of design. configurations, it also offer simple AT
SIM900 is designed with a highly powerful with commands.
single-chip processor and integrated
AMR926EJ-S core, Quad - band GSM/GPRS
module having a size of 24mmx24mmx3mm,
SMT type suit for many application, An
embedded of highly Powerful TCP/IP protocol
stack, depends on mature and field-proven
platform, and is backed up by a support service
provided, from definition to production and
design.
Fig.4. Zigbee module

For effective wireless data communication

without a license, 2.4 GHz ISM band, XBee
modules are known worldwide. XBee modules
are basically a part of Dig’s full line of Drop-in
Networking products. With the connection of
Port X gateways and XBee device adapters,
extenders and modules, this provides end-to-end
wireless connection to commercial-grade
electronic devices which is in locations where
proper infrastructure exists or where customer
Fig.3. GSM 900 needs are satisfied.

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IV. PROGRAMABLE LOGIC Conclusion

The smart irrigation system implemented is
feasible and cost effective for optimizing water
resources for agricultural production. This
irrigation system allows cultivation in places
with water scarcity thereby improving
sustainability. The smart irrigation system
developed proves that the use of water can be
diminished for a given amount of fresh biomass
production. The use of solar power in this
irrigation system is pertinent and significantly
important for organic crops and other
The smart irrigation system uses temperature, agricultural products that are geographically
soil moisture and humidity Sensor to measure the isolated, where the investment in electric power
relative parameter in order to give the water to supply would be expensive. Real time system for
crops. Since the outputs of the sensors measured irrigation is based on GSM and zigbee module.
are analog in nature and microcontroller will The system is incredibly versatile and
handle solely digital signals, the system makes economical. It doesn't need individuals on duty it
use of ADC which is inbuilt in microcontroller. is so easy and reliable.
The outputs of sensors are directly given to REFERENCES
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