Object Oriented Programming
CS F213
J. Jennifer Ranjani
email: jennifer.ranjani@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
Chamber: 6121 B, NAB
BITS Pilani Consultation: Appointment by e-mail
Pilani Campus
OOP Basics
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Pilani Campus
Basic OOP concepts
• Class
• Object
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
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Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• A structure that contains both data and the actions to be
performed on that data.
• Class is an implementation of an Abstract Data Type.
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Examples
Person Objects
Abstract Person Class
Into Attributes: Name, Age, Sex
Operations: Speak(), Listen(), Walk()
Vehicle Objects
Abstract Vehicle Class
Into Attributes: Name, Model, Color
Operations: Start(), Stop(), Accelerate()
Polygon Objects
Polygon Class
Abstract Attributes: Vertices, Border,
Into Color, FillColor
Operations: Draw(), Erase(), Move()
Figure 1.12: Objects and classes
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Class
• Class is a set of attributes and operations that are
performed on the attributes.
• A blueprint from which individual objects can be
created.
• A class defines all the properties common to the object
- attributes and methods.
Student Circle
Account
accountName name centre
accountBalance age radius
studentId
withdraw() area()
deposit() getName()
getId() circumference()
determineBalance()
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Objects
• Instance of the class
• Entity that has state and behavior
• Each object has an address and takes up memory
• It can communicate without knowing other object’s code
or data
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Classes/Objects
John and Jill are
:John
Student objects of class
Student
:Jill
:circleA circleA and circleB
Circle are
:circleB objects of class
Circle
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Object
• Objects have state and classes don’t.
John is an object (instance) of class Student.
name = “John”, age = 20, studentId = 1236
Jill is an object (instance) of class Student.
name = “Jill”, age = 22, studentId = 2345
circleA is an object (instance) of class Circle.
centre = (20,10), radius = 25
circleB is an object (instance) of class Circle.
centre = (0,0), radius = 10
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Class/Object Example
class Student{
int id;
String name;
}
class TestStudent{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Creating object
Student s1=new Student();
//Initializing object
s1.id=253;
s1.name="Sathish";
//Printing data
System.out.println(s1.id+" "+s1.name);
}}
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Data Abstraction
• Abstraction is a process where you show only “relevant”
data and “hide” unnecessary details of an object from the
user.
• It allows the creation of user defined data types, having
the properties of built in data types and more.
– Example: A car in itself is a well-defined object, which is
composed of several other smaller objects like a gearing system,
steering mechanism, engine, which are again have their own
subsystems. But for humans car is a one single object, which
can be managed by the help of its subsystems, even if their inner
details are unknown.
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Abstraction - Example
class Student{
int id; Creates a data
String name;
type Student
}
// Class Student
Student s1;
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Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is:
– Binding the data with the code that manipulates it.
– It keeps the data and the code safe from external interference
• All information (attributes and methods) in an object
oriented system are stored within the object/class.
• Information can be manipulated through operations
performed on the object/class – interface to the class.
Implementation is hidden from the user.
• Object support Information Hiding – Some attributes and
methods can be hidden from the user.
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Encapsulation Example
class Student{
private int rollno;
String name;
void insertRecord(int r, String n){
rollno=r;
name=n;
}
void displayInformation(){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name);}
}
class TestStudent{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
s1.insertRecord(111,"Karan");
s1.displayInformation();
}
}
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Inheritance
• New data types (classes) can be defined as extensions
to previously defined types.
• Parent Class (Super Class) – Child Class (Sub Class)
• Subclass inherits properties from the parent class.
Parent
Inherited
capability
Child
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Inheritance - Example
• Example
– Define Person to be a class
• A Person has attributes, such as name, age, height, gender
– Define student to be a subclass of Person
• A student has all attributes of Person, plus attributes of
his/her own ( student no, course_enrolled)
• A student inherits all attributes of Person
– Define lecturer to be a subclass of Person
• Lecturer has all attributes of Person, plus attributes of
his/her own ( staff_id, subjectID1, subjectID2)
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Inheritance - Example
• Circle Class can be a subclass (inherited from ) of a
parent class - Shape
Shape
Circle Rectangle
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Uses of Inheritance - Reuse
• If multiple classes have common attributes/methods,
these methods can be moved to a common class -
parent class.
• This allows reuse since the implementation is not
repeated.
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Reuse-Example
Circle Rectangle
centre
centre height
radius width
area() area()
circumference() circumference()
move(newCentre) move(newCentre)
move(newCentre){ move(newCentre){
centre = newCentre; centre = newCentre;
} }
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Reuse-Example
Shape
centre move(newCentre){
centre = newCentre
}
move(newCentre)
Circle Rectangle
height
radius width
area() area()
circumference() circumference()
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Polymorphism
• Polymorphic which means “many forms” has Greek
roots.
– Poly – many
– Morphos - forms.
• In OO paradigm polymorphism has many forms.
• Allow a single object, method, operator associated with
different meaning depending on the type of data passed
to it.
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Polymorphism – Method Overloading
• Multiple methods can be defined with the same name,
different input arguments.
Method 1 - initialize(int a)
Method 2 - initialize(int a, int b)
• Appropriate method will be called based on the input
arguments.
initialize(2) Method 1 will be called.
initialize(2,4) Method 2 will be called.
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