ei = 3 NC NARESH — Opp Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad -16 TECHNO logies SGN oe Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 Cell: 9000994007 / 08 Branches : CHENNAI PH:044.6555 5557/58 VIJAYAWADA PH:0866-6576789 NELLORE PH:81068 22902 info@nareshit.com _) www.nareshit.com nareshit {4 nareshitechAdvanced java By Mr. NatarajNaresh / Technologies JDBC JDBC Java Database Connectivity ov in short JDBCis a technology manipulate data stored into the database. By Mr. Nataraj < enables the java program to DBC is Java application programming interface that allows the Java programmers to access database management system from Java code. It was developed by JavaSoft, a subsidiary of ‘Sun Microsystems. Definition Java Database Connectivity in short called as JDBC. It is a java API which enables the java programs to execute SQL statements. It is an application programming interface that defines how a java programmer can access the database in tabular format from Java code using a set of standard interfaces and classes written in the Java programming language JDBC has been developed under the Java Community Process that allows multiple implementations to exist and be used by the same application. JDBC provides methods for querying and updating the data in Relational Database Management system such as SQL, Oracle etc. The Java application programming interface provides a mechanism for dynamically loading the correct Java packages and drivers and registering them with the JDBC Driver Manager that is used as a connection factory for creating JDBC connections which supports cresting and executing statements such as SQL INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. Driver Manager is the backbone of the JDBC architecture, Generally all Relational Database Management System supports SQL and we all know that Java is platform independent, so JDBC makes it possible to write a single database application that can run on different platforms and interact with different Database Management Systems Java Database Connectivity is similar to Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) which is used for accessing and managing database, but the difference is that JDBC is designed specifically for Java programs, whereas ODBC is not depended upon any language. In short JDBC helps the programmers to write java applications that manage these three programming activities: 1, Ithelps us to connect to a data source, like a database. 2. Ithelps us in sending queries and updating statements to the database and 3. Retrieving and processing the results received from the database in terms of answering to. your query. ~ JDBC Versions The JDBC 1.0 API. The JDBC 1.2 API. The JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API. The JDBC 2.1 core API The JDBC 3.0 API. The JDBC 4.0 API peer ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph 040-23746666, wuvw.fo.com/nareshitNaresh / Technologies JDBC * By Mr. Nataraj Ee Features of ID8C 1.0 API The JDBC 1.0 API was the first officially JDBC API launched consists of the following java classes and interfaces that you can open connections to particular databases This version includes a completely redesigned administration console with an enhanced graphical interface to manage ad monitor distributed virtual databases. Features of JDBC 1.2 APL 1. Itsupports Updatabale ResultSets. 2. The DatabaseMetaData code has been refactored to provide more transparency with regard to the underlying database engine. 3, New pass through schedulers for increased performance Features of The JDBC 2.0 Optional Pacakage API The use of DataSource interface for making a connection. {Use of INDI to specify and obtain database connections. It allows us to use Pooled connections, that is we can reuse the connections. In this version the distrbuted transactions is possible. It provides a way of handling and passing data using Rowset technology. yPeNe Features of the JDBC 2.1 core API. 1. Scroll forward and backward in a result set or has the ability to move to a specific row. 2. Instead of using SAL commands, we can make updates to a database tables using methods in the Java programming language 3. Wé can use multiple SQL statements in a a database as a unit, or batch. 4, It uses the SQL3 datatypes a5 column values. SQL3 types are Blob, Clob, Array, Structured type, Ref. 5, Increased support for storing persistent objects in the java programming language. 6. Supports for time zones in Date, Time, and Timestamp values. 7. Full precision for java.math.BigDecimal values. Features of SDBC 3.0 API 4° Reusability of prepared statements by connection pools. 2. In this version there is number of properties defined for the ConnectionPoolDataSource. These properties can be used to describe how the PooledConnection objects created by DataSource objects should be pooled, 3. Anew concept has been added to this APIs of savepoints. 4. Retrieval of parameter metadata. It has added a means of retrieving values from columns con values. Added a new data type i.e. java.sql. BOOLEAN. Passing parameters to CallableStatement. The data in the Blob and Clob can‘be altered. DatabaseMetalata API has been added. ing automatically generated pane Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd Ph: 040-23746558, wwwfo.com/nareshit 2: ‘mennancsnsceenennartsnannaesifany sisi ihstnnanthiaeaesaets ONIN ete naomi cnNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj ————— ees Features of JDBC 4.0: 1. Auto- loading of IOBC driver class, Connection inanagement enhancements. Support far Rowld SAL type. SQL exception handling enhar:cements. oy Run SQL XML support JDBC 3.0 & JDBC 4.0 JDBC 3.0 DataSet implementation of SQI using Annotations. JDBC 4.0 Features: = Reusabilty of prepared statements by connection pools. = In this version there is number of properties defined for the ConnectionPooiDataSource. These properties can be used to describe how the PooledConnection objects created by DataSource objects should be pooled. | - Anew concept has been added to this API is of savepoints: One of the useful new features is transactional savepoints. With JDBC 3.0, the | transactional model is now more flexible. ~ Retrieval of parameter metadata - It has added a means of retrieving values from columns containing automatically generated values. - Added a new data type i.e. java.sql. BOOLEAN. - Passing parameters to CallableStatement. - The data in the Blob and Clob can be altered: JDBC 3.0 introduces a standard mechanism for updating BLOB and CLOB data. ~ DatabaseMetaData API has been added. - It allows stored procedure parameters to be called by name. Features: ~ Auto- loading of JDBC driver class: In JDBC 4 invoking the getConnection() on | DriverManager will automatically load a driver. - Connection management enhancements {In jdbc it may happen that a Connection is lying idle or not closed in a pool, then it becomes stale over time. This will lead to the connection pool run out of resource due to stale connection ~ Support for Rowld data type: JDBC introduces support for ROWID, a data type that had been in use in database products even before it became part of the SQL. - SQL exception handling enhancements: JDBC 4 addresses the error handling beautifully. As databases are often remotely accessible resources, problems | such as network failures is common and it | can cause exceptions when executing a database operation. SQL statements can also cause exceptions. Prior to JDBC 4, most JDBC operations generated a simple SQLException ~ SQL XML support. - DataSet implementation of SQL using Annotations: The JDBC 4.0 specification leverages annotations to allow developers to associate a SQL query with a Java class without a need to write alot of codeto * achieve this association. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwnw.fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr, Nataraj ‘An important part of every business is to keep records. We need to keep records of our customers, the employees of our company, the emails etc. To keep all the data indivually is quite difficult and hectic job, because whenever if we need the record of a particular customer or an employee we need to search manually. It takes lot of time and still not reliable. Here comes the concept of databases. What is database? A database is an organized collection of information. A simple example of a database are like your telephone directory, recipe book ete. A Relational model is the basis for any relational database management system (RDBMS). A relational model has mainly three components: 1. Acollection of objects or relations,. 2. Operators that act on the objects or relations. 3, Dataiintegrity methods. To design a database we need three things: 1. Table 2: Rows 3. Columns. A table is one of the most important ingredient to design the database. It is also known as a relation, is’a-two dimensional structure used to ‘hold related information. A database consists of ‘one or more tables. A table contains raws : Rows is a collection of instance of one thing, such as the information of one employee. A table contains the columns: Columns cantains all the information of a single type. Each column in a table is a category of information referred to as a field. One item of data, such as single phone number of a person is called as a Data Value. ACID Properti ACID properties are one of the important concept for databases. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durabilisy. These properties of a DBMS allow safe sharing of data. Without these properties the inaccuracy in the data will be huge. With the help of the ACID properties the accuracy can be maintained. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www. fb.com/nareshit i ! i | |Naresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj Normalization: Normalization is a design technique which helps the to design the relational databases. Normalization is essentially a two step process that puts data into tabular form by removing redundant data from the relational tables. A basic goal of normalization is to create a set of relational tables that are free of redundant data and the data should be consistent. Normalization has been divided into following forms. 1. First Nor coiui al Form: A relational table, by definition are in first normal form. All values of the ins are atomic. It means that it contains no repeating values. 2. Arelation| table is in second normal form if it is in INF and every non- key column is fully dependent upon the primary Key. 3. Avrelational table is in third normal form (3NF} if it is already in 2NF and every non- key column is non transitively dependent upon its primary key. The advantage of having table in 3NF is that it eliminates redundant data which in turn saves space and reduces manipulation anomalies. Understanding Common SQL statements The commonly used SOL statements are: 1): Select 2): Insert 3): Update 4); Delete . SQL Select statement: The SELECT statement is used to select data from a table. Syntax: Select column_names FROM table_name; The result from a SQL query is stored in a result test. The SELECT statement has mainly three clauses. 4) Select 2) From 3) Where The Select specifies the table columns that are retrieved. The From clause tells from where the tables has been accessed. The Where clause specifies which tables are used. The Where clause is optional, if not used then all the table rows will be selected. We can see that we have used semicolon at the end of the select statement. It is used to separate each SQL statement in database systems which helps us to execute more than one SQL statement in the same call to the server. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.cont/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JOBE By Mr. Nataraj ‘SQL INSERT Statement: This statement allows you to insert a single or multiple records into the database. We can specify the name of the column in which we want to insert the data Syntax: Insert into table_name values (valuet, value2..}; The Insert statement has mainly three clauses. 1) Insert: it specifies witich table column has to be inserted in the table. 2), Into: It tells in which the data will be stored. 3) Values: In this we insert the values we have to insert. We can also specify the columns for which we want to insert data. The UPDATE Statement: The Update statement is used to modify the data in the table. Whenever we want to update or delete a row then we use the Update statement. The syntax is : UPDATE table_name Set colunm_name = new_value WHERE column_name = some_name; ‘The Update statement has mainly three clauses. 1) UPDATE: It specifies which table column has to be updated. 2) Set: It sets the column in which the data has to be updated. 3) Where: It tells which tables are used. ‘SQL DELETE Statement: This delete statement is used to delete rows in a table. Systax: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name = some_name; The Delete statement has following clauses. 1) Delete: It specifies which table column has to be deleted. 2) From: It tells from where the Table has been accessed. 3) Where: tt tells which tables are used. Introduction to java.sal package This package provides the APIs for accessing and processing data which is stored in the database especially relational database by using the java programming language. It includes a framework Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 6:Naresh / Technologies 1BC By Mr. Natarai where we different drivers can be installed dynamicalty to access different databases especi=!" relational databases. This java.sq! package contains API for the following 1 Making a connection with a database with the help of DriverManager class © DriveriManager class: It helps co make a connection with the driver. * SQLPermission class: It provides a permission when the code is running within a Security Manager, such as an Applet. It attempts to set sip.2 Jogging.stream through the DriverManager class. * Driver interface : This interface is mainly used by the DriverManager class for registering and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology. * DriverPropertyinfo class : This class is generally not used by the general user. 2. Sending SQL Parameters to a database: * Statement interface: It is used to send basic SQL statements, * PreparedStatement interface: It is used to send prepared statements or derived SQL statements from the Statement object * CallableStatement interface : This interface is used to call database stored procedures. © Connection interface : It provides methods for creating statements and managing their connections and properties. ‘© Savepoint: It helps to make the savepoints in a transaction. 3. Updating and retrieving the results of a que * ResultSet interface: This object maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data. The cursor is initially positioned before the first row. The next method of the resultset interface moves the cursor to the next row and it will return false if there are no more rows in the ResultSet object. By default ResultSet object is not updatable and has a cursor that moves forward only. 4, Providing Standard mappings for SQL types to classes and interfaces in Java Programming language. : * Array interface: It provides the mapping for SQL Array. Blob interface : It provides the mapping for SQL Blob. Clob interface: It provides the mapping for SQL Clob. Date class: It provides the mapping for SQL Date. Ref interface: It provides the mapping for SQL Ref. Struct interface: It provides the mapping for SOL Struct. Time class: It provides the mapping for SQL. Time. Timestamp: It provides the mapping for SQL Timestamp. Types: It provides the mapping for SOL types. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj 5. Metadata * DatabaseMetaData interface: It keeps the data about the data. It provides information about the database. © ResultSetMetaData: It gives the information about the columns of a ResultSet object. © ParameterMetaData: It gives the information about the parameters to the PreparedStatement commands. 6. Exceptions © SQLException: It is thrown by the mehads whenever there is a problem while accessing the data or any other things. ‘© SQLWarning: This exception is thrown to indicate the warning. ¢ BatchUpdateException: This exception is thrown to indicate that all commands in a batch update are not executed successfully. ‘+ DataTruncation: It is thrown to indicate that the data may have been truncated. 7. Custom mapping an SQL user- defined type (UDT) to a class in the java programming language. ‘© SQLData interface: It gives the mapping of a UDT to an intance of this class. ‘© SQUnput interface: It gives the methods for reading UDT attributes from a stream. * . SQLOutput: It gives the metheds for writing UDT attributes back to a stream. DriverManager Class The JDBC DriverManager The JDBC Driver Manager is a very important class that defines objects which connect Java applications to a JDBC driver. Usually Driver Manager is the backbone of the JDBC architecture. t's very simple and small that is used to provide a means of managing the different types of JDBC database driver running on an application. The main responsibility of JDBC database driver is to load all the drivers found in the system properly as well as to select the most appropriate driver from opening a connection to a database. The Driver Manager also helps to select the most appropriate driver from the previously loaded drivers when a new open database is connected. The DriverManager class works between the user and the drivers. The task of the DriverManager class is to keep track of the drivers that are available and handles establishing a connection between a database and the appropriate driver. It even keeps track of the driver login time limits and printing of log and tracing messages. This class is mainly useful for the simple application, the most frequently used method of this class is DriverManager.getConnetion(). We can know by the name of the method that this method establishes a connection to a database. The DriverManager class maintains the list of the Driver classes. Each driver has to be get registered in the DriverManager class by calling the method DriverManager.registerDriver() By calling the Class.forName() method the driver class get automatically loaded. The driver is —— ee ee ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph; 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 2: ieee smcesaniasecunianstitnieeidenessntstitsnemnn antennae \\ DataSource has a set of properties that identify and desc Naresh j Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj ————>>>_——————— loaded by calling the Class.forName() method. JDBC drivers are designed to tell the DriverManager about themselves automatically when their driver implementation class get loads. This class has many methods. Some of the commonly used methods are given below: 1, deregisterDriver(Driver driver) : It drops the driver from the list of drivers registered in the DriverManager class. ’ 2. registerDriver(Driver driver) : It registers the driver with the DriverManager class. getConnection(String url) : It tries to establish the connection to a given database URL. 4. -getConnection(String url, Sting user, String.password) +t tries to establish the connection toa given database URL. 5. getConnection(String url, Properties info) : It tries to establish the connection to @ given database URI. 6. getDriver(String url): It attempts to locate the driver by the given string. 7. getDrivers() : It retrieves the enumeration of the drivers which has been registered with the DriverManager class. Understanding Data Source 4The JDBC API provides the DataSource interface as an alternative to the DriverManager for establishing the connection. A DataSource object is the representation of database or the data source in the Java. programming language. DataSouce object is mostly preferred over the DriverManager for establishing a connection to the database. DataSource object can be thought as a factory for making connections to the particular database that the DataSource instance represents. e the real world data source that it represents. The properties include information about the location of the database server, the network protocol use to communicate with the server the name of the database and so on. DataSource object works with JNDI (lava Naming and Directory interface) naming service so application can use the JNDI API to access the DataSource object. In short we can say that the DataSource interface is implemented to provide three kinds of connections: 1), Basic DataSource class _____ This class is provided by the driver vendor. It is used for portability and easy maintence. 2). Te provide connection pooling. It is provided by the application server vendor or driver vendor. It works with . ConnectionPoo!DataSource class provided by a driver vendor. Its advantage is portability, easy maintenence and increased performance. eee ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj 3). To provide distributed transactions This class works with an XADataSource class, which is provided by the driver vendor. Its advantages are easy maintenence, portability and ability to participate in distributed transactions. Understanding Connection Object A Connection object represents a connection with a database. When we connect to a database by’ using connection method, we create a Connection Object, which represents ‘the connection to the database..An.application-may-have-one-or more than -one-connections with a single database or many connections with the different databases also. We can use the Connectian object for the following things: 1. It creates the Statement, PreparedStatement and CallableStatement objects for executing the SQL statements. 2, Ithelps us to Commit or roll back a JDBC transaction. 3. If you want to know about the database or data source to which you are connected then the Connection object gathers information about the database or data source by the use of DatabaseMetaData. 4, It helps us to close the data source. The Connection.isClosed() method returns true only if the Connection.clase() has been called. This method is used to close all the connection. Firstly we need to to establish the connection with the database. This is done by using the method Drivertvianager.getConnection(). This method takes a string containing a URL. The DriverManager class, attempts to locate a driver that can connect to the database represented by the string URL. Whenever the getConnection() method is called the DriverManager class checks the list of all registered Driver classes that can connect to the database specified in the URL. Syntax: String url = "jdbc: odbc: makeConnection"; Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"userlD",""password"); Choosing a DB Driver: The type of driver depends on quite a few parameters : whether the application is internet based, whether it needs to support heterogeneous databases, the number of concurrent users, a1d so on. JDBC drivers are divided into four types or levels. Each type defines a JDBC driver implementation with increasingly higher levels of platform indolence, performance, and deployment administration.: JDBC driver types . JDBC drivers are divided into four types or levels. Each type defines-a JDBC driver implementation with increasingly higher levels of platform independence, performance, and deployment administration, The four types are: EE Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh / Technologies JoBc By Rie, ataraj © Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge Type 2: Native-API/partly © Type 3: Net-protocol/all-Java «Type 4: Native-protocol/al Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge The type 1 driver, IDBC-ODBC Bridge, translates all JDBC calls into ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) calls and sends them to the ODBC driver. As such, the ODBC driver, as well as, in “many cases, the client database.code, must.be.present.on the-dient. machine. Figure 1 shows a typical S0BC-ODBC Bridge environment. Client macl BDBC-ODBC balige Y VowerDB liney Figure 1. Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge Pros The !DBC-ODBC Bridge allows access to almost any database, since the database's ODBC drivers are already available. Type 1 drivers may be useful for those companies that have an ODBC driver already installed on client machines. . Cons + The performance is degraded since the JDBC call goes through the bridge to the ODBC driver, then to the native database connectivity interface. The result comes back through the reverse process. Considering the performance issue, type 1 drivers may not be suitable for large-scale applications. + The ODBC driver and native connectivity interface must already be installed on the client machine. Thus any advantage of using Sava applets in an intranet environment is lost, since the deployment problems of traditional applications remain. Type 2: Native-API/partly Java driver JDBC driver type 2 -- the native-API/partly Java driver -- converts JDBC calls into database-specific calls for databases such as SQL Server, Informix, Oracle, or Sybase. The type 2 driver communicates directly with the database server; therefore it requires that some binary code be present on the client machine. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www. fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj Client machine Server mathine Figure, Type 2: Native-API/partly fava driver Pros Type 2 drivers typically offer significantly better performance than the JDBC-ODBC Bridge. Cons ' 7 The vendor database library needs to be loaded on each client machine. Consequently, type 2 drivers cannot be used for the Internet. Type 2 drivers show ower performance than type 3 and type 4 drivers, Type Net- tocol/all-Java driver JDBC driver type 3 ~- the net-protocol/all-Java driver -- follows a three-tiered approach whereby the JDBC database requests are passed through the network to the middle-tier server. The middletier server then translates the request (directly or indirectly) to the database-specific native- connectivity interface.to further the request to the database server. If the middle-tier server is written in Java, it can use a type 1 or type 2 JDBC driver to do this. ‘Clisntmmechine| fret gabtcel pare Jara] ‘iver Figure 3. Type 3: Net-protocol/all-Java driver Pros The net:protocol/all-Java driver is server-based, so there is no need for any vendor database library to be present on client machines. Further, there are many opportunities to optimize portability, performance, and scalability. Moreover, the net protocol can be designed to make the client JDBC driver very small and fast to load. Additionally, a type 3 driver typically provides support for features such as caching (connections, query results, and so on), load balancing, and advanced system administration such as logging and auditing, —— Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj Cons Type 3 drivers require database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier. Additionally, traversing the recordset may take longer, since the data comes through the backend server. ‘Type 4: Native-protocol/all-Java driver The native-protocol/all-Java driver (JDBC driver type 4) converts JDBC calls into the vendor-specific database management system {OBMS) protocol so that client applications can communicate directly with the database server. Level 4 drivers are completely implemented in Java to achieve platform independence and eliminate deployment administration issues. Glen machine ave pobeal “re Dobe Figure 4. Type 4: Native-protocol/all-Java driver Pros Since type 4 JDBC drivers don't have to translate database requests to ODBC or a native connectivity interface or to pass the request on to another server, performance is typically quite good. Moreover, the native-protocol/all-Java driver boasts better performance than types 1 and 2. Also; there's no need to install special software on the client or server. Further, these drivers can be downloaded dynamically. Cons With type 4 drivers, the user needs a different driver for each database. Choosing right Driver Here we will walk through initially about the types of drivers, availability of drivers, use of drivers in different situations, and then we will discuss about which driver suits your application best. Driver is the key player in a JDBC application, it acts as a mediator between Java application and database. It implements {OBC API interfaces for a database, for example Oracle driver for oracle database, Sybase driver for Sybase database. It maps Java language to database specific language including sat. JDBC defines four types of drivers to work with. Depending on your requirement you can choose one among them.Naresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj eS Here is a brief description of each type of driver : Type of driver fier [Driver mechanism Description [This driver converts JDBC calls to ODBC calls hrough JOBC-ODBC Bridge driver which in turn] e et means converts to database calls. Client requires ODBC ibraries. Ithis driver converts JDBC calls to database specif b Irwo [Native API Partly - Java, tive calls, Client requires database specifi ieriver a libraries, [This driver passes calls to proxy server througtl t I Ihre )ORC- Net -liJave driver (MtOTk protocol which in turn converts |database calls and passes through database specifi ratocal, Client doesn't require any driver. INative protocol - All - JavaiThis driver directly calls database. Client doesn't driver + require any driver. 4 Two Obviously the choice of choosing a driver depends on availability of driver. and requirement. Generally all the databases support their own drivers or from third party vendors, (f you don't have driver for your database, JDBC-ODBC driver is the only choice because all most all the vendors support ODBC. If you have tiered requirement ( two tier or three tier) for your application, then you can filter down your choices, for example if your application is three tiered, then you can go for Type three driver between client and proxy server shown below. If you want to connect to database fram java applet, then you have to use Type four driver because it is only the driver which supports that feature. This figure shows the overall picture of drivers from tiered perspective. Type 12 Drives Database Type 1.24 Drivers This figure illustrates the drivers that can be used for two tiered and three tiered applications. For both two and three tiered applications, you can filter down easily to Type three driver but you can use Type one, two and four drivers for both tiered applications. To be more precise, for java applications( non-applet) you can use Type one, two or four driver. Here is exactly where you may make a mistake by choosing a driver without taking performance into consideration, Let us took at that perspective in the following section. Type 3 & 4 drivers are faster than other drivers because Type 3 gives facility for optimization techniques provided by application server such as connection pooling, caching, load balancing ete and Type 4 driver need not translate database calls to ODEC or native connectivity interface. Type 1 drivers are slow because they have to convert JDBC calls to ODBC through JOBC-ODBC Bridge driver EEE ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 14:Naresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj initially and then ODBC Driver converts them into database specific calls. Type 2 drivers give average performance when compared to Type 3 & 4 drivers because the database calls have to be converted into database specific calls. Type 2 drivers give better performance than Type 1 drivers, Finally, to improve performance 1. Use Type 4 driver for applet to database communication. 2. Use Type 2 driver for two tiered applications for communication between java client and the database that gives better performance when compared to Typel driver 3: Use-Type-4 driver if your-database doesn't support driver’ This is rare situation because almost all major databases support drivers or you will get them from third party vendors. 4, Use Type 3 driver to communicate between citent and proxy server ( weblogic, websphere etc) for three tiered applications that gives better performance when compared to Type 1 & 2 drivers. |A thin wrapper around a millisecond value that allows IDBC to identify ithis as a SQL DATE. al ME | |The basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers. DriverManager NOTE: The DataSource interface, new in the JDBC 2.0 API, provides | another way to connect to a data so DriverPropertyinfo ‘priver properties for making z a connection. ‘gaupermission “he permission for which the SecurityManager will check when code that ‘SQLPermission } lis running in an applet calls one of the setLogWriter methods. Time [A thin wrapper around java.util.Date that allows JDBC to identify this as a| {SQL TIME value. |A thin wrapper around java.util.Date that allows the JDBC API to identify| |this as an SQLTIMESTAMP value. he class that defines the constants that are used to identify generic SQL |types, called JDBC types. Array |The mapping in the Java programming language for the SQL type ARRAY. __ ‘The representation (mapping) in the Java™ programming language of an SQL| BLOB value. The interface used to execute SQL stored procedures. ‘The mapping in the Java™ programming language for the SCrCLOB pe. [A connection eon) ith a specific database. :Naresh i Technologies JoBc By Mr. Nataraj Preparedstatement An object that represents a precompiled sat statement | The mapping in the Java programming language of an SQL REF value, which is! a reference to an SQL structured type value in the database. ‘A table of data representing a database result set, which is usually generated) iby. executing a statement that queries the database. | |An object that can be used to get information about the types and oulecra [of the columns in a ResultSet object. | ResultSetMetaData ' saubata {An input stream that contains a stream of values represe SQlinput fk SOL structured or distinct type | [The output stream for writing the attributes of a user-defined type back tal t Satoutaes the database [th ‘Statement | 1 object used for executing a static SQL statement and obtaining the results. Statement [produced byit. : eae |The standard mapping in the Java programming language for an SQL| Struct, | structured type. getConnection() Method: ‘* public static Connection getConnection(String url) throws SQLException * public static Conriection getConnection(String url,String user String pwd)throws SQLException + public static Connection getConnection(String url,Properties info}throws SQLException ‘The Architectural Difference Between the All Drivers Figure 1. The Architectural Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Drivers. While Type 1 JDBC drivers offer convenience of access to ODBC data sources, they are limited in their functionality and performance. Type 2 JDBC drivers are OS-specific and compiled, and although they offer more Java functionality and higher performance than Type 1 drivers, still require a controlled environment ‘Naresh j Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshiter Naresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj Figure 2. The architectural difference between Type 3 and ‘Type 4 drivers. Type 3 drivers leverage the advantages of middleware products to supply heterogeneous database access, and are a strong server-side solution when that middleware product runs on a single OS: Type 4 drivers provide fast and powerful direct access from Java clients to the databases themselves, but do not provide some of the server-side OS optimization found in Type 3 drivers. TYPE 5 JDBC Driver In recent years, the Java ecosystem has evolved quite dramatically on a number of fronts. As a result, IT organizations are taking advantage of an array of new technologies that promise to streamline Java development cycles and reduce operating costs. In complex enterprise computing environments, however, everything is connected and not all architectural components evolve in concert. Therefore, the introduction of advanced technologies at specific points in the architectural stack often exposes many downstream technological limitations. As a result, businesses struggle to realize the return on investment promised by these new technologies and in some cases, even experience problems that take them a step backward rather than forward. Today, enterprise architects and developers experience this phenomenon when they task overmatched Type 4 JDBC database drivers with the ever-increasing demands of the modem Java environment. 7 The JDBC Driver: An Architectural Afterthought . The JDBC API specification and the drivers it enables have certainly evolved over time, from the original JDBC-ODBC bridge to the native-protocol Type 4 drivers that are so prevalent today. At this point, however, that evolution is stagnant. The majority of Type 4 JDBC drivers-essentially offer the same basic features and capabilities, so for many developers, JDBC access is essentially an architectural afterthought that requires little attention. This perception grew with the increasing adoption of Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) technologies (JPA, Hibernate, and Spring, among others), or application servers such as JBoss that sit on top of JDBC. With these modern development platforms, many developers no longer Program directly to JDBC. : With no access to underlying JDBC calls, developers almost never think about JDBC or what JDBC ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwiw.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj means simply selecting a JDBC driver based on "checklisting.” If there is a free Type 4 JDBC driver available, the driver is automatically assumed to be adequate for any use case. Beyond ORM adoption, there have been other key technological advancements at work in the Java universe. Virtualization now delivers massive scalability on an affordable growth curve, placing a much higher value than ever before on optimum performance throughout the entire applicstion stack. The increasingly complex features of relational databases frequently involve complicated and proprietary implementations that make them all but inaccessible to most applications. These strategic technologies are quickly finding acceptance in the enterprise marketplace, directing renewed attention on JDBC components, and placing a revealing spotlight on the.shortcomings.on Type 4 drivers as well as the negative impact these shortcomings have on IT performance and costs, Type 4 JDBC Driver: Glaring Limitations Despite superiority over other JDBC architecture types, Type 4 drivers have failed to keep up with the evolutionary advancement of complimentary Java technologies. As a result, most Type 4 drivers come with glaring limitations in today's Java-based enterprise application environments, + Slow or Inconsistent Performance. The response time and data throughput performance of ‘many Type 4 drivers is poor or inconsistent, particularly when deployed into certain runtime environments (such as different !VMs) or with modern data access models (ORMs and app. servers). + Unavailable or Inaccessible Functionality. Enabling or tuning critical functionality with many Type 4 JDBC drivers requires access to JDBC code, which is not available to applications deployed with ORM frameworks or in app servers. New database or driver functionality may also not be available across all supported JVM or environments. + Poor Resource Efficiency. Most Type 4 JDBC drivers use excessive amounts of CPU and memory resources during data access. Tuning options, if available, are inaccessible or fimited. This leads to excessive usage of CPU resources and a disproportionately large memory footprint. + Application Deployment Restrictions. Most Type 4 JDBC drivers require multiple JAR files to support different JVMs or database versions. They also typically require the deployment of platform-dependent DLLs or shared libraries to support certain driver or database functionality, limiting what environments they can be deployed to. + Proprietary Implementation. Many Type 4 JDBC drivers require proprietary code for applications to leverage features such as BLOBs and CLOBs, high availability, and XA. As more and more data sources must be accessed from a single application, the amount of application code, and potential for bugs, increases significantly. Many developers and architects find out the hard way, after a project has gone into production, that even the most common Type 4 JDBC drivers exhibit most, if not all, of these limitations. As businesses look to new technologies such as virtualization to improve performance and reduce costs, the cost of dealing with the deficiencies of Type 4 JDBC drivers will only increase. Type 4 drivers have failed to keep up with advancements ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit =18:chentogies JOBE By Mr. Nataraj E vations: Taking the Next Step There ~ sent afoot to address these limitations of Type 4 JDBC drivers by proposing the atutionary path of JOBC drivers. Such a new step has been dubbed "ype 5" where J 13 caused by today’s Type 4 IDSC drivers are solved but the benefits of Type 4 architecture a°@ maintained. One proposed definition states that Type 5 JDBC drivers shoutd provide the following + Unrsstricted Performance. Should be able to easily handle the performance demands of -a-driven-enterprise Java applications. hancement. Should offer the ability to add, configure, and tune features tiring access to or changes made to JDBC code. Efficiency. Should use resources such as CPU and memory as efficiently as e in multiple environments. Ail-in-One Deployment. Should be able to support multiple environments without requiring the deployment of multiple JAR files, or any native code libraries like DLLs. * Streamlined Standardization. Should not require the use of extensions to the JDBC specification no matter what functionality is required by the application. Type 5 JDBC Drivers: Evolution or Revolution? In an "evolutionary" step, Type 5 JDBC drivers wl build on all the positive features found with Type 4 products, Given the lack of advancement in the JDBC driver specification over the last decade, it’s time that connectivity standards evolved with the myriad other advancements in the Java programming language. By delivering on the promise of unrestricted performance, codeless enhancement capabilities, optimized resource efficiency, an integrated deployment architecture, and streamiined standardization, developers and architects that use Type 5 JDBC drivers can mitigate the technical limitations imposed by outgunned Type 4 drivers that can no longer keep pace within the greater Java ecosystem JDBC drivers have not traditionally been viewed as a strategic investment for many businesses. Type 5 JDBC has the potential to turn that trend on its head by offering businesses an easy way take advantage of years of innovation in database features, data access models, and virtualization technologies without requiring changes to the application. Whether the benefits sought are a simplified data connectivity infrastructure, accelerated front-line productivity, or dramatically reduced IT operational costs, businesses of all shapes and sizes should make it a priority to evaluate Type 5 JDBC drivers and continue to push for innovation over stagnation. JDBC Architecture Two-tier and Three-tier Processing Models The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier processing models for database access. Figure 1: Two-tier Architecture for Data Access. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JpBc By Mr. Nataraj ‘Java Application JDBC Cheat Machine DBMS proprietary protocol See Database server ‘n the two-tier model, a Java applet or application talks directly to the data source. This requires a JDBC driver that can communicate with the particular data source being accessed. A user's commands are delivered to the database or other data source, and the results of those statements are sent back to the user. The data source may be located on another machine to which the user is. connected via a network. This is referred to as a client/server configuration, with the user's machine as the client, and the machine housing the data source as the server. The network can be an intranet, which, for example, connects employees within a corporation, or it can be the Internet. In the three-tier model, commands are sent to a “middle tier" of services, which then sends the commands to the data source, the data source processes the commands and sends the results back to the middle tier, which then sends them to the user. MIS directors find the three-tier model very attractive because the’ middle tier makes it possible to maintain control over access and the kinds of updates that can be made to corporate data. Another advantage is that it simplifies the deployment of applications. Finally, in many cases, the three-tier architecture can provide performance advantages. Figure 2: Three-tier Architecture for Data Access. ‘Server machine ‘ndnes ato) DBMS propriciary proc! i Until recently, the middle tier has often been written in languages such as C or C++, which offer fast performance. However, with the introduction of optimizing compilers that translate Java bytecode Into efficient machine-specific code and technologies such as Enterprise JavaBeans™, the Java platform is fast becoming the standard platform far middle-tier development. This is a big plus point, making it possible to take advantage of Java's robustness, multithreading, and security features. With enterprises increased using the Java programming language for writing server code, the JDBC API is being used more and more in the middle tier of a three-tier architecture. Some of the features that make JDBC a server technology are its support for connection pooling, distributed ——————_—————————————— ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-22746666, www fo.com/nareshit 20%:Naresh i Technologies spec By Mr. Nataraj transactions, and disconnected rowsets. The IDRC Pt is also what allows access to 2 data sour from a Java middle tier. HardCoding Verses GeneralizedCoding HardCoding Directly writing values in the program is called as hardcoding. ‘Simple example is find sum of two numbers:- ‘SumDemo.java(HardCoging) public class SumDemo{ public static void main(StringfJargs){ int a=5;//hard coded value int b=6;//hard coded value int c=atb; System.out.printin(c); y GeneralizedCoding Taking (reading)values as input from extemal resources such as keyboard or properties file or xml file... SumDemo.java (GeneralizedCoding) import java.util. Scann public class SumDemo{ public static void main(String[]args}{ Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); System.out.printf(“Enter 1 Number:”); int a=sc.nextint(); System.out.printf("Enter 2nd Number:”); int b= sc.nextint(); int c=atb; - System.out.printf(c); i 2 In’Realtime industry there are 3 types of environments for normal projects and 4 types for environments for sensitive projects. They are: 1) Development Environment 2), Testing Environment 3) Pre Production Environment 4) Post Production Environment The project is developed at development environment, after development, the same project must be moved from development environment to testing environment for testing, after tested ok the same project must be moved from test environment to preproduction, preproduction for producing it to enduser(client). During testing, if the project is having some issue then, that project from test environment must be taken back to development environment. In every environment. separate database server is maintained, but all database server systems should have the same data base management system software. —_—_—_— eee es ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit ::21:Naresh { Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj For example : Oracletig But one thing we which must be rembered is, if DataBase Server System ip address changes, database SID, portnumber, username and password may change. If the above values(SID, portnumber, username, password) are hardcoded in JDBC project. Whenever the project is moving from one environment to another environment then to execute that JDBC project we must modify the project source code.The project source code created in development environment souldnot be modified in any other environment. If modification is required, it should be done at deve'spment environment. To solve hard.coding problem.we must use generalized coding Three types of generalized coding solutions are: Solution one: Read driver class name, database url, database username and database password from keyboard. (This is not used in Realtime ) Solution two:- Store driver class name, database url, database username and database password in properties file and read this information from the properties file(Used in Real time). ExampleProgram 1G AdbcApp Be rc 8B com.nit h-() adbeApp.java ~~ cb-config.properties A ARE System Library [JavaSE-1.6) E+ Referenced libraries 2-9 ojdbct4. jar - and PROIECTDesHtop JdbcApp.java package com.nit; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.lOException; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util. Properties; public class SdbcAnp { . public static void main(String[] args) throws 1O£xception, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { FileinputStream fin=new FileInputStream("E:\\ADV_JAVA\\JdbcApp\\src\\com\\nit\\db-config.properties"); Properties p=new Properties(); p.load(fin); String driverclass=p.getProperty("driverclass"); String url=p.getProperty("url"); eee ee Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit Jana insite maeNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr, Nataraj getProperty("dbuser"); getProperty("‘dbpassword'); Class forName(driverctass); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pass); System.out.printin("connection"+ con); } } db-config-properties driverclass=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@nit-11:1521:xe dbuser=system dbpassword=manager Solution three:- ¥ Store driver class name, database url, database username and database password in a XML file and read this information from the XML file(Used in Real time).It is a recommended ‘Naresh ‘Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj Appl(Simple Select operation) : *SelectTesti.java----- {{SelectTest. java import java.sql.*; public class SelectTest1 { public static void main(String args{])throws Exception € Hivegister jdbc driver Class. Fortane("sun. jdbe.odbc. 3dbcOdbeDriver"); Connection con-Driversianager.getConnection("Jdbc:odbc :oradsn", // create Staenent obj Statenent stcon.cresteStatenent(); // execute the query ResultSet rs=st executeuery("select * from student" scott", “tiger"); /Iprocess the Resultset while(rs.next()) { } Hclose all jdbc stream objects rs.close(); st.close(); con. close(); Wimain Jiclass /I>javac SelectTest1. java /D>java SelectTest1 system.cut.printIn(rs.getInt(1)+" "#rs.getString(2)+" “4rs.getString(3)) App2) Select Operation J/selectTest2.java import java.sql.*; //jdbe api import java.utii.*; // Scanner class public class SelectTest2 { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { J} vead inputs Scanner se=new Scanner(Systen.i Systen.out.printIn(“Enter city"); String city=sc.next(); //gives hyd citys" ecitye” "5 //gives “hyd” /iregister typel jdbc driver Class. forWane( "sun. jdbc.odbc. JdbcOdbcbriver”) ; [Establish the connection with Db s/w. Connection con=briverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:odbe :oradsn”,, “scott” Iicreate dbc Statenent obj : Statenent st=con.createStatenent(); riger"); [/send and execute SQL Query in OB s/w //select * from student where sadd="hyd" ResultSet rssst.executeQuery("select * from student where sadd="*city); [process the ResultSet boolean flag=false; while(rs.next () I=false){ System.out.printIn(rs.getInt(i)+" “+rs.getString(2)+" Flagetrues W/white F(A “4rs.getString(3)) false) System.out.println("No records found"); ‘Naresh’ Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 2Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 67 //close jdbc objs 68 rs.close(); 69 st.close(); 78 con. close(); n W/main 72 yiclass 73 //>Javac SelectTest2. java 74 //>java SelectTest2 76 App3 )Select Operation 7 = 3 79 //SelectTest3.java 80 import java.sql.*; Bi import java.util.*; SelectTest3. java 82 83 public class SelectTest3 Ba { 35 public static void main(String args{])throws Exception 36 { 37 Head inputs 88 Scanner sc=nex Scanner(Systes.in 89 systen.out.printin("Enter start range no: 90 int stno=sc.nextint(); //gives 108 s System.out.println(“Enter end range no:"); 2 int endno=sc.nextint(); //gives 200 93 9 //vegister typet jdbc driver 98 Class. forWane("sun. jdbc. odbc. 3dbcOdbeDriver"); 96 [/Establish the connection with Do s/w. 7 Connection conDrivertanager.getConnection("jdbc :odbc:oradsn" "scott", “tiger"); 98 [icreate Jdbe Statement obj 99 Statement st=con.createstatenent(); 101 /Tprepare SQL Query 102 // select * from student where sno>=100 and sno. 103 String qry«"select * from student where snor=“+stno+" and sn ‘Systea-out.print1n(qry) 5 //send and execute SQL Query in DB s/w ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery(qry); //Process the ResultSet boolean flag=false; while(rs-next()){ 'sendno; flagetrue; m1 system.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" “#rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3))5 12 } 13 if(flag==false) 114 Systen.out.printIn(“Records not found"); us /Ielose jdbc objs 316 rs.close(); 17 st.close(); . iis con.close(); “ n9 Winain 120 )//elass 121 see 122 App4) Select Operation 123. weenne==s SelectTest4. java 125 //SelectTest4. java 126 import java.sql.*; 127° inport java.util.*; 129 public class SelectTest4 20 { 231 public static void main(String args[])throws Exception 132 i “Tiaresh Technologies Opp. Satyam Theatre, Amcerpet yd Ph O10 23746066, wunfoxcom/naresht ‘mmission i i enenniinrdnennnctt vente BSESREENaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj a Fer) [read inputs 34 Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systen.in); 335 systen.out.printin(“Enter initchars of Enp nane"); 136 String initchars=sc.next(); //gives AD 337 1 convert inpwt value as required for the SQL Query 238 initchars="""sinitchars#"X'"; //gives ‘ADK Bo ue H/register typel jdbc driver 141 Class. forNane( "sun. jdbc odbc. 3dbcodbeDriver"); a2 //stablish the connection with Db s/W. 443 Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbe:oradsn", "scott™, "tiger"); 144 /icreate 3dbc Statement obj us Statenent.st=con.createstatement(); M6 147 Mpeare Sau Query 14s //select enpno,enane, Job, sal fron enp where enane Like ‘ADR’ ug String gry="select enpno,ename,job,sal fron enp where enane like “+initchars; 350 systen.out.printIn(ary); 351 //send and execute QL Query in'0B s/w 152 Resultset rsest.executeguery(ary); 153 /[Process the ResultSet 154 boolean flag-false; 355 while (rs.next()){ 156 flagetrue; 157 Systen.out.printIn(rs.getint(1)+" “#rs.getString(2)+" “#rs.getString(3)+" “#rs.g 158 }iwhile 159 160 Systen.out.printIn(“records not found" 161 162 //lose jdbc objs 163 rs.close(); 164 st.close(); 165 con.close()i 166 M/main 167 yy/fclass 168 nenwenes 169 AppS) Select Operation ve mi: a 472 //SelectTestS.java (with java coding standards) 173 /* App to get enp details based on the given designations 174 * Version : 1.0 175 * author: Tean-Nt 176 + pate : 2015-7-30 */ 177 package con.nt. jdbc; 178 inport java. sqi-DriverManager; 179 inport java-sql Connection; 18 inport java.sql.Statenents . 181 import java.sql.ResultSet; . 382 inport Java.sql. Sgtexception; 183 inport Java.util.scanner; 184 185 public class SelectTests 186 { 187 public static void main(String argst]){ 188 Conneétion con=null; 169 Statement stenull; 198 ResultSet rs=null; 191 Scanner se=null; 192 try{ 193 /Iread inputs 194 sc=new Scanner(System.in); 395 string desgl=null,desg2=null, desg3-nul1; 196 3#(scl=null){ 197 System.out.printin("Enter Desgi"); 198 desginsc.next().toUppercase(); //gives CLERK /nareshit ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd,cece erento Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 199 200 201 202 203, 204 205 206 207 208 709 210 aaa 242 213 24 215 216 217 218 219 20 22a 222 223, 228 225 26 27 228 229 230 2a 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 bas 249 250 231 252 253 254 255 256 287 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 system.out.printin(“Enter Desg2"); desg2=sc.next().tolppercase(); //gives MANAGER System.out.printin(“Enter Desg3"); desg3=sc.next().toUppercase(); //gives SALESMAN yiat /Iprepare Condition as required for SQL Query 71 CCLERK* MANAGER’ , "SALESMAN' ) ‘String conde"(*"sdesgi+"", ""edesg2+"*, "+desg3+" Iiregister jdbc driver Class. forNlane("sun. jdoc.odbe, JébeOdbeDrivert"); //Establish the connection con=DriverHanager..getConnection("Jdbe:odbe:oradsn”, “scott”, "tiger Mcreate. Statement obj 1 (con!=nul1) stecon.createStatenent( Iiprepare SQL Query //select eapno,enane,job,s21 fron enp where job in(*CLERK' ,‘MANAGER*, string qry="select enpno,enamé, job,sal fron enp where job in*sconds* orde System.out.printin(qry); H/send and execute SQL Query. in DB s/w if (st!enull) F rsest.executequery(qry); Uh //process the ResultSet boolean flag-false; if (rs tenull)¢ / while(rs.next()){ : Systen.out.printin(rs.getInt(1)+ Flag-true; ‘srs.getString(2)+" “#rs.getstr Miuhtle MAF system.out.printIn("Records not found"); Yitey catch(ClassNotFoundexception cnf){ //for known exception System. out .printin(cnf.toString()) } : catch(SQLException se){ “'//for known exception se.printStackTrace(); catch(Exception e){ _//for unknown exception e.printstackTrace(); a ‘inally( V/close jdbc objs teyt if(rs!=null){ rs.close(); } catch(SQLexception se){ a se.printStackTrace(); t : try if(stlenull){ a st.close(); ~ } + catch(SQLexception se){ se.printStackTrace(); + try ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 27: .Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mritataraj 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 278 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 237 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 BAL 312 33 314 315. 316 317 318 319 320 321 322, 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 if(cont=null){ con.close(); } } catch(SQLException se){ ‘se.printstackTrace(); w11){ sc.close(); + catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } Wi finally main Viclass V/yjavac -d —. SelectTest4.java /P3ava__com.nt.jdbc.SelectTest4 Apps ) Select Operation SelectTest6.java- package com.nt; import java.sql.connection; import Java. sql-Drivertanager; import java. sql.statement; import java. sql-ResultSet; import java. sql. SQLException; inport java.util.Date; 7* Application that gives employee details who is having highest salary * Version: 1.0 = Author :Team -s */ public class SelectTests { public static void main(String args[]){ Connection con=null; Statement st=null; ResultSet rsenull tryf [register jdbc driver with DriverMtanager Service Class: ForNane("sun. jdbc odbc. JdbcodbeDriver"); [Establish the connetion con=DriverManager .getConnection(*jdbc:odbc:oradsn", "scott" ,“tiger"); 1 create Statenent obj 4¢(con!=nu2) con. createStatenent(); 3 H1send and execute SQ Query in OB £/m if(stl=null) rssst.executeguery("select enpno,enane,sal, job fron enp where sale(select Hiprocess the Resultset obj =n) { wedle(s.next()){ Systen.cut.printIn(rs.getint(1)+" "4rs.getString(2)+" ent while we if ent: ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 331 332 333, 334 335 336, 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353, 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363, 364 365, 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375, 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383, 384 385, 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393, 394, 395, 396 ‘System.out.println("No Records Found"); wieey eS ich(ClassNotFoundéxception cnf){ // To handle known Exception nf. printStackTrace(); catch(sgLexception se) { // To handle known Exception se.printStackTrace(); > catch(Exception,e){ // To handle unknown Exceptions e-printStackTrace(); d Finally{ try if (rst=null) rs.close()3 catch( Exception e){ e.printstackTrace(); d try! wll) : st.close(); } catch(Exception e){ e.printstackTrace(); } tryt 4#(cont=nul1) con.close(); catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }//Finally }fmain Viclass I/yjavac -d. SelectTestS. java (Compilation) I/yjava_con.nt.SelectTest5 (Execution) Agp7) Select Operation -SelectTest7. java //selectTest?.java (Application that gives Emp Details based on given deptno) package com.nt; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql-Resultset; import java.sql.SQLexception; import sql.Statenent; import java.util.Scanner; public class SelectTest7{ i public static void main(String{] args){ Scanner sc#null; Statement 51 J/cead inputs scenew Scanner(System. in); system.out.printIn("Enter dept no’ int _deptno=0; ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www:fb.com/nareshit 29:se Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS j \ a 1 397 ‘s£(sel=null){ { 398 deptrioxsc.nextint () ; 399 } 400 // register jdbe driver with Drivertanager service 401 Class. forName("sun. jdbc.odbc. JdbcodbeDriver") 5 402 /Jestablish the connection 403 coh=Drivertanager.getConnection(" jdbc :odbe:oradsn", "scott", “tiger” 404 [Create Idd Statenent obj 405 $(con!=null) 406 stecon, createStatenent(); 407 H/send and execute SQL Query in DB s/w 408 if(stl=nil1) 409 Feast .executeQuery("select empno,ename,job,sal from emp where deptno ate 4a « 1£(rstenull) { a boolean flagefalse; 413 while(rs.next()){ au Flagetrues ais systen.out.printin(rs.getint(1)*" “+rs.getstring(2)+" “+rs.getstring(3)+" 416 } t 417 aig i¢(flagesfalse) 419, Systen.out.printIn("Records not found"); 42a aaa Mise a2 Witey 423 catch(ClassNotFoundexcéption cnf){ //To handle known exception 428 cenf.printstackTrace(); 425, y 426 catch(sQlexception se){ // To handle known exception 427 se.printStackTrace(); 428 } i 429 catch(Exception e){ '// To handle unknown exception 430 e,printStackTrace(); 431 3 432 Finally( 433 //Close jdbc objs 434 try{ 435 if (rst=null) 436 rs.close(); 437 Mitry 438 catch(Exception e){ 439 + e.printstackTrace(); 440 + 401 442 tryf 443 i¢(stlenvl1) . aaa st.close(); 445 Witry 446 catch( Exception e){ 447 ‘e.printStackTrace(); 448 y 44g 450 try 451 4f(con!=nul1) 452 con.close(); 453 } 454 catch( Exception e){ 455 e.printStackTrace(); 456 ? 457 y/Finally 458 Wimain 459 -}//class, 460 //>javac -d . SelectTest7. java 461 //>java_com.nt.SelectTest7 462 ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fD.com/nareshitNaresh i Technotogies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj a 43 saneenereenes 464 Appa(Application to call SQL Aggragate. Function) 465 ee 466 AggragateTest. java 467 //hggragateTest. java 468 inport java.sql. 469° import java.util. 478 import java.io.*; 471 public Class AgeragateTest a7 473, public static void main(String args[])throws Exception 474 { 475, Class. forName( "sun. jdbc.odbc. IdbcOdbcdriver") ; 476 Connection. con=DriverManager. getConnection(Jdbcrodbc:oradsn' y"tiger"); 477 1/ create Staement obj 478 Statement st=con.createStatenent(); 473 // execute the query 480 ResultSet rsust.executeQuery("select count(* ) from emp"); 481, if(rs.next()) 432 { 483 System.out.printIn("the Number of Records are :"+rs.getInt(1)); 484 ? 485 //close all jdbc stream objects 486 rs.close(); 487 st.close()} 488 con.close(); 489 M/nain 49@ }//class 491 waneneneneen: 492 App9(Simple Delete operation taking sno value as criteria) 493 = 494 + 495 //DeleteTest.java 496 import java.sql.*; 497 import java.util.*; 498 public Class DeleteTest 499 { see public static void main(string args[])throws Exception 501 { 502 1 read Anput values from key board 503 Scanner sc»new Scanner(Systen. in); 504 Systen.out .printIn(“Enter student no to delete record"); 505 int nosse.nextInt(); 506 . 307 1/ create jdbc connection S08 Class. forNane( "sun. jdbc.odbc. JabcOdbeDriver"); 59 Connection con=Drivertanager .getConnection( "fdbc:odbc:oradsn” ,"scott™,"tiger"); 510 su //disable autocomnit mode on DB s/w 512 con. setdutoConnit (false); 513 54 Hereate jdbc Statenent obj sis Statenent st=con.createstatenent(); 516 517 Hiprepare query 518 String qry="delete fron student where sno="4n0; 519 System. out .println(qry); 520 521 11 execute the query...... , 522 int resultest .executeUpdate(ary); 523 524 Hconmit or roliback S25. con.conmit(); //(or) — con.roliback(); 526 527 I process the result 528 Af(result==0) ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 528 ‘System.out.printin("record not found to delete"); 530 else 531 System.out.printIn(result+” no.of Record(s) found and deleted"); 532 533 Hclose jdbc objects 534 st.close()} 535 con.close(); 536 Winain 537 W/class 538 = 538 App10(Simple Insert operation) 540 - sai InsertTest.java~ - 542 package con.nt $43. //TnsertTest.java (having Coding standards) 54a /* Application to insert record into DB table 545 * version :1.0 $46 * author: Tean-s */ 547 import Java.util.Scanner; 548 import java-sql.DriverManagers $49 inport javasql Connection; 550 inport java-sql.Statenents 551 import Java.sql. SQLException; 4 i Fi 5 5 5 5 é 6 6 6 6 ‘ 6 6 é 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 é 6 6 6 é & 6 ‘ é & 6 s $52 553 public class InsertTest ssa { 555 public static void main(String args[]) 356 C 557 558 559 560 561 562 1 read record related input values from keyboard 563 int no=9; 564, String name=null, addrs-null; 565 sc=new Scanner(Systen.in); 566 4#(scl=null) 567 568 systen.out.printin(“Enter student no"); 569 no=sc.nextint()5 570 System.out.printin(“Enter student name"); 571 nane=sc.next(); 572 Systen.out.printIn("Enter student address"); 573 addrsesc.next(); 574 wat 575 /Iprepare variable values as required for the SQL(insert) query 576 nane=*'"+nane+""*; 37 addrse"'"+addrs+" 578 379 1] create jdbc con with 0B s/w 580 Class. forName("'sun. jdbc odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver"); sei con=DriverManager..getConnection(*jdbc:odbe:oradsn neiger") 582 583 1/ create jdbc statement obj : 584 4¢(cont=null) 585 st=con, createstatement (); 586 587 J/prepare example query with direct values 588 //String qry="insert into student values(101, ‘raja, *hyd')*; 589 590 //frane the insert query with variables 591 String qry="insert into student values("+no+","+name+","“+addrs+")"; 592 System. out. printIn(ary); 593 594 11 send and execute the query in 08 s/w ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit595, 596 397 598 599 608 6ot 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 eit 612 613, 614 615 616 617 61s 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 638 631 632 633, 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 sat 642 643, 64a 645, 646 647 cag 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj int res=0; if(st¥enul1) ressst.executeUpdate(ary); J/process the result if(res==0) system.out.println("Record insertion Failed"); else System,out.printin("Record inserted"); itry catch(ClassNotFoundException cnf) // to handle known exception { cnf.printstackTrace(); 3 catch(SQLException se) // to handle known exception t se.printStacktrace(); } catch(Exception e) // to unknown exceptions { e.printstackTrace(); } Finally t //elose jdbc objects.. try if(stlsnull) st.close(); 3 catch(SQLException se) { se.printstackTrace(); > try { 4€(con!=nul1) con.close(); } catch(SQLexception set) ‘ sel.printStackTrace(); } 3 /#inally Wnain Hiclass : J rjavac -d . InsertTest. java //>java com.nt InsertTest App11(Progran to update the record based on the student number) package com.nt3 /WpdateTest. java (with ‘coding standards) /* App to update student details * version : 1.0 * author : Tean-s*/ UpdateTest java import java.util.Scanners import java.sql .OriverManagers import Java.sql.connection; Amport java. sql-statement; import java.sql.SgLexception; ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Sotyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/naresNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS. By Mr.Nataraj 661 662 public class UpdateTest 663 { 664 public static vaid main(String ares(]) 665 { 666 Connection consnul1; 667 Statenent st=nuli; 668 Scanner scenull; 669 try 670 { 671 // read input values from keyboard 672 scenew Scanner(Systen. in); 673 int nose; 674 ‘String nane 675 String addr: 676 if (sctenut) 677 { 678 system.out.printin(“Enter existing student nunber"); 679 no=sc.nextint(); 680 System.out.printin("Enter few nane:*); 681 name=sc.next(); 682 systen.out.println("Enter new address:"); 683 addrsesc.next()3 684 Var 685 686 Jf register jdbe driver and establish the connection 687 Class. forNane(“sun. ide .odbe. JdbcOdbcbriver"); 688 con-DriverManager .getConnection(*jdbc:odbe:oradsn”, Scott", "tiger"; 689 /[create Statement obj 698 4#(cont*nul1) 691 stecon.createStatement(); 692 693 11 frane example ary with direct values 694 J/string qry="update student set snane=*naharaja’ ,sadd="vizag' where snos1et 695 String qry="update student set snane psadde"*4addrss""* where sno=". 696 system.out.printIn(qry); 697 698 /Isend and execute the gry in db s/w 699 int res=o; 700 4if(st!=nul1) Jor res=st .executeUpdate(ary); 702 703 II process results 704 iF (res==0) 705 t : 706 System.out.printin(“record not found"); 787 } 708 else 708 { 710 System.out.printin(res+*no.of records are updated"); ma nz ~ Mitry 713 catch(ClassNotFoundéxception cnf)//handles known exeption 714 { 71s enf.printStackTrace()s 716 } nz catch(sQlexception se) //handles known exception 738, ot ng se. printStackTrace(); 720 . 7a cateh(Exception e) //handles unknown exceptions 722 { 23 e.printStackTrace(); 724 r 25 finally 726 { "Naresh Technologies, Opp. Sotyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: G40-23746666, www fo.cam/nareshiNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj n7 7/close jabe objs ns try ns i 730 71 st.close(); 732 i J 33 catch(SQLexception se) Ba re 735 se.printstackTrace(); 736 } 27 738 try 738 { 7a 4f(con!snutl) a1 : con.close(); 702 3 703 catch(SQlexception se) ma re ms se.printStackTrace(); 746 ? 787 y/#inally m8 Wimain 749 }//class 750 //>Javac -d . UpdateTest. java 751 //>Java con.nt.UpdateTest 752 = - —— 753 App12 (App to execute both select and non-select SQL Queries) 754 a = BS + ~SelectNonselectTest. java 756 //SelectNonSelectTest. java (Example on execute(-) method) 757 import java. sql.*3 758 inport Java-util.*; 759 public class SezectNonselectTest We 764 public static void main(String args[])throws Exception 762 t 763 1/ read sql query (any) fron keyboard 764 Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); $ 765 System.out.printIn(“Enter the qry*); 766 string arysse.nextLine(); 787 768 11 create jdbc con 769 Class. fortiane(*sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcOriver 778 Connection -con=Drivertanager .getConnection("jdb m7 // create jdbc statement obj ™m Statement st=con.createStatement(); 73 774 //send and execute gry in db s/w 78 boolean flag=st .execute(ary); 776 // gather and process the result ™ if(Flagestrue) // when select sql ary is executed 778 { m7 ResultSet rsest.getResultset(); ‘ 780 while(rs.next()) 781 { : 782 System.out.printIn(rs.getInt(1)+" “4rs.getString(2)+" “4rs.getstri 783 } 784 rs.close(); 785 id 786 else // when non-select gry is executed 787 { 788 int rowcount=st.getUpdateCount(); 788 Systen.out.printIn(“the no.of records that effected"+rowcount); 798 e 791 , 792793 794 798 796 797 798 738 800 et 802 803 804 205 806 807 808 809 aie ain B12 813 aia ais 816 817 sig 819 820 821 822 823, 24 825, 826 827 528 829 830 531 832 833 834 835, 836 837 838, 839 841 842 843. 84a 845 846 847 84g, 849 850 851 852 853 asa 855 856 857 358 Naresh i Techriologies APPLICATIONS: By MrNataraj ‘st.close(); con. close(); dimain iclass ‘App13 ) CreateTable -CreateTableTest. java~ package com.nt. jdbc; ‘ import java.sql.Connection; inport java.sql.DriverNanager; inport java.sql.Statenent; public class CreateTableTest { public static void main(Stringl] args)throws Exception { Iivegister jdbe driver Class. forWane(*sun. jdbc.odbc. dbcodbeDriver"); //fstablish the connection Connection con=Drivertanager.getConnection(*jdbc:odbc:oradsn”, "scott", “tiger")5 J/create Statement obj Statenent, st=con.createStatenent(); [/send and execute SQL Query in DB s/w int resultust .executeUpdate(“create table tenp(coll nunber(5))"); //process the result AF(result==0) Systen. out .println(“Table not created"); else system.out.printin(*Table created"); M1close jdbc objs st.close(); con.close(); Wimain J/class Appl4) Drop table Test DropTableTest. Java package com.nt. jdbc; import java.sql.Connection; Inport java.sql.DriverNanager; inport java.sql-Statenent; import java.util.Scamer; publicclass DropTableTest { ° public static void main(String[] args)throms Exception ¢ [read inputs ‘Scanner ew Scanner(System. in); systen.out.printIn(“Enter db talbe"); String tabssc.next()} HIregister jdbc driver Class. forName(“sun. jdbc. odbc. IdbcOdbcDriver™ [/Establish the connection Connection con=DriverManager .getConnection("jdbc:odbc:oradsn", "scott", "tiger"); [create Statenent obj Statenent st-con.createStatement(); [send execute SQL Query in DB s/w int result-st.executeUpdate("drop table "+tab); Hiprocess the result if(resulte=0) System.out.printin( fable not found"); 0-23746666, www. fo.com/nareshit 3% ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerset, Hyd, PNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 859 68 61 362 862 864 865 866 867 368 369 370 373 872 373 274 875 376 877 378 373 389 ast 882 383 38¢ 385 386 287 888 89 290 891 292 893 204 895 856 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 on 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923, 924 else System.out.printIn("Talbe dropped"); /[close jdbc objs st.close(); con. close(}; }imain Hielass AppiS(Progran to insert multiple records using PreparedStatenent) HPstinsertTest java import java.sql.DriverManager; inport java.sql.Connection; inport java.sql.Preparedstatement; inport java.sql.SQLexception; Anport java.util.scanner; stInsertTest java: public class PstInsertTest 7 public static void main(String args{]) Preparedstatenent : try { wll d/vead input value fron key board Scunew Scanner(System.in); int n=0; if (se!=null) ‘ system.out.println(“Enter no.of students"); nesc.nextInt()5 } JIcreate jdbc con object Class. forNane(“oracle. jdbc driver .Oraclebriver”); con=DriverManager .getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","scott /1 create Preparedstatenent obj if (cont=null) ps=con.prepareStatement(“insert into student values(?,?,2)*)3 // read each student details from keyboard, set them to query 71 and execute the query if(ps!enull. && scl=nul1) { for(int ietjicen;++i) { : system.out.println("Enter “+i+" student detdils"); System.out-printIn( “Enter student-no™);— nt nozsc.nextInt()5 syster.out.printin("Enter student nase") String nane=sc-next(); systen.out.println(“Enter student address"); String addrssc.next(); //set these values query place holders ps.setInt(1,no); ; ps.setString(2,namc); ps.setstring(3, addrs); HJexecute the query int reseps.executeUpdate() gies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit,Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS. By MrNataraj 925) 926 927 928 929 936 931 932 933 934 935, 936 937 938 939 240 941 942 943 944 945, 946 947 948 943 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 358, 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 968 978 ova 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 988 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 TF(res==2) systen.out.printIn(it*student details are not insert else system.out.printIn(i+"student details are inserted” W/for . wit Mitry catch(ClassNotFoundexception nf) // to handle known exceptions i enf. printstacktrace(); . } catch(SQLException se) // to handle known exceptions se.printStackTrace(); } catch(Exception e) // to hanlde unknown exceptions ui e.printStackTrace(); ; ; Finally ‘ C [/close jdbe stream objects try c if(ps!-=null) ps.close(); } catch(SQlexception se) { se.printStackTrace( 3 } try { if(con!*nul1) con.close(); } catch(SQLException se1) t ? se1.printStackTrace(); } W/#inally V/main jiclass ‘App16) (Showing SQL Injection Problen) Loginapp. java /* 0B table in oracle : userlist uname ve2 Pad vez raja hyd ranesh hyd ” import java.sql.*3 import java.util.*; public class Loginapp { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { /Ivead inputs Scanner_scenew Scanner(system.in); ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 38:Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS. By McNataraj 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 2001 3002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023, 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033, 1034 1035, 1036, 1037 1038 1039 ~ 1040 1041 1042 1043, 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053, 1054 1055 1056 System.out. printIn(“Enter usernane:")} String user=sc.nexttine(); //gives raja System.out.printIn("Enter Password: "); String pasc-se.nextLine(); //gives rao // there is no need of coverting input values... U1 register jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forttane("oracle. jdbc .driver OracleDriver"); Connection consDrivertanager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe" "sc: Iiprepare SOL Query String gry="select count(*) fron userlist where unan [/create Jdbc Statenent obj Statement st=con.createStatenent(); /isend and execute the Query in DB s/w ResultSet rs=st.executeduery(ary); Hiprocess the ResultSet int cnt=05 if (es.next()) { } ‘suser+"' and pwd: enters. getint(1); if(cnt==8) System.out.printIn("InValid Credentials"); else systen.out.printIn(“Valid Credentials"); I/elose jdbc objs rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); Winain yielass 71 >§avac Logindpp. java //>java Logindpp enter user nane:raja’ -- enter password : hydi (wrong password) output: Valid Crendentials ( SQL Injection problen) Appi7 (Solving SQL Injection Problem) LoginAppt.. java~ /* 0B table in oracle userlist uname vc2 raja ramesh / import java.sql.*; import Java.util.*; public class Loginappt { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception t [/vead inputs Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); systen.out.printIn("Enter username: ")3 string user=sc.nextLine(); //gives system.out.printIn("Enter Password: String passesc.nextLine(); //gives ra0 // there is no need of coverting input values.. ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph 040-23746666, www.fe.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By McNataraj 1087 1058 1059 1060 1061 3962 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073, 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 3079 1086 1081 1082 1083, 1084 1085 1086 1087 ese 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093, 1094 1095 2096 1097 1098 1099 3100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 3107 108 1109 1110 aa prety m3 Free aus 1116 4117 1118 1119 1120 uaa 1122 7/ register jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forName(“oracle. jdbc driver Oracledriver®); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("idbc:oracle:thin:@localhost :15212 Horepare SQL Query string qry="select count(*) from userlist where unames? and pud=?"; /[create Idbc Preparedstatenent obj PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(qry) ; // set values to Query parans ps.setString(1,user); ps.setstring(2,pass); //send and execute the Query in DB s/w ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery(); {/process the ResultSet int cnt=0; if(rs.next()) { enters.getInt(1)5 ) i (cnt=u0) System. out.printIn( "Invalid Credentials"); else system.out.print1n( “Valid Credentials"); I/elose abe ob3s rs.close(); ps.close(); con.close(); 3/main ielass //>javac Logindept. java 7/>ava Logindpp1 enter user nane:raja‘ -- enter password : hydi (wrong password) InValid Crendentials (No SQL Injection problen) //oateInsert.java import java.util.*; import java.sql.*; public class DateInsert { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { // ead Anput values fron keyboard Scanner scenew Scanner(System.in); systen.out.printin("Enter person no"); int nowse.nextInt(); systen.out.printin(“Enter person nane: String name=sc.next(); system. out.printin( “Enter DOB(dd-#M-yy)") suring sdobesc next System.out.print1n( "Enter 003 (yyyy-tt-dd)"); String sdoj=sc.next(); HIconvert String Date values to java.sql.Date class bjs 11 for DOB SimpleDateFormat_sdfisnew SimpleDateFormat("dd-NM-yy' ‘Naresh Fechnologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwfechnologies APPLICATIONS _ By MrNataraj java.util.Date udob»sdf1.parse(sdob); java.sql.date sadot lew Java. sql .Date(udob.getTimes)); 1/for 003 (yyyy-Hs-dd) java.sqi.vate sadoj=java.sql.Date.valueot(sdoj) Lcreate jdbc con object Class. forWame( “oracle. jdbc.driver.Oracledriver") ; Connection consOriverManager..getConnection("idbc: racle: thin:@localhost:1522:xe", /Icreate PreparedStatement obj pointing to insert query PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(“insert into person_tab values(?,?,2,?)" H/set values to the parameters of query ps.setInt(1,n0); ps. setString(2, name); ps. setDate(3,5qdob) 5 ps.setDate(4,sqdoj); Hfexecute the query int res=ps. executeUpdate /Iprocess the result iF(reses0) i system.out.println("record not inserted"); else System. out .printIni ‘record inserted"); ‘ Hclose jdbc objs ps.close(); con.close(); Hinain Viclass //>$avac OateInsert. java //> java DateInsert DateRetrieve.java- [oateRetrieve. sport java.sql.*; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; public class DateRetrieve { public static void main(String args[})throws Exception { JI create jdbc con obj Class. forName(“oracle. jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); Connection con=DriverNanager.getConnection(" jdbc: oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "sc J/create jdbc Statement object Statement st=con.createStatement(); J/ execute the query ResultSet rsest.executeQuery("select * from person_tab"); //process the ResultSet while(rs.next()) { int no=rs.getInt (1); String name=rs.getString(2); Java.sql.Date sqdob=rs.getdate(3); Java.sql.Date sqdojers.getDate(4); //convert java.sql.0ate class objs to java.util.Date class objs java.util.Date udob= (java.util. Date)sqdob; ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit1189 1190 sist 3192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 R03 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1244 1222 1213 aaa az, 1216 1217 1218 1219 1226 1221 1222 1223, 1224 3225 1226 1223 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 3242 1243, 4244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253, 1254 Naresh i Technologies “APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj Pot java.util.Date udoj=(Java.util .Gate)sqdo};, //convert java.util.Date class objs to String date values SimpleDateFormat sdft-new SinpleDateFornat ("MiM-yy-dd") String sdob=sdf1,format(udob) ; SinpleDateFormat. sdf2-new SinpleDateFormat ("yyyy-dd-Mt"); String sdoj=sdf2.format(udoj); systen.out.printIn(no+” “snamet" —“+sdob+"—“sdoj); Winhite I/elose jade objs rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); Vimain Hiclass * ‘Appi9 (working with Large objs (BLOB) ~ Photoinsert. Java /* create table enpali(eno nunber(4),enane varchar2(26),esalary number(7,2), ephoto blob) ;*/ import java.sql.*5 import java.io.*; class PhotoInsert { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception x /Ivegister jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forNane(“oracle. jdbc driver .Oraclebriver"); Connection con=DriverNanager .getConnection( "jdbc :oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", /[create PreparedStatenent obj PreparedStatenent ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into enpall values(?,?,?,2)")s ps.setInt(1, 234); ps.setstring(2, "raja"); ps. setFloat(3,5000); scott", File fenew File(*tips.gif"); FileInputStrean fisenew FileInputstream(f); ps.setBinaryStream(4,fis, (int)#.length()); I/execute the query ps.executeUpdate(); Systen.out.printIn("Photo Inserted"); J/close the jdbc obj fis.close(); ps.close(); con.close(}3 Yimain Miclass -PhotoRetrieve.java- inport java.sql.*; import java.io.*5 public class PhoteRetrieve I Se public static void main(String args[])throus Exception { JJregister jdbc driver and estblish the connection Class. forNane( “oracle. jdbc.driver .OracleDriver") ; Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "scott", /Icreate 3DBC Statement obj Statement st=con.createStatement(); 71 execute the SQL Query - ResultSet rsest.executeQuery("select * from enpall"); ‘Noreshi Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj [Jprocess the ResultSet obj sF(es.next0) //get InputStream InputStream in=rs.getBinaryStream("ephoto"); /icreate Destination File FileOutputstream fos=new FileOutputstream("nenpict.gif"); //Buffering based logic to complete photo retrivening int bytesRead=a) byte (] buffersnew byte[ 4096]; while( (byteskead=in.read(buffer))1=-1) q { y system.out.printin(“photo is stored in neupict.gif"); J/close jdbc objs fos.close(); in.close(); rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); wag Yimain Wiclass fos.urite(buffer,@, bytesRead); ‘App20) Working with Large objs (CLOB) i package con.nt. jdbc; -CLoBInsert.java- import java.io.File; import java. io.FileReader; import java.io.Reader; import java.sql.Connection; inport java.sql.DriverNanager; import java.sql-Preparedstatemient; import java.util.Scanner; public class CLoaznsert { : public static void main(string{] args)throws Exception { ° //read inputs Scanner scenew Scanner(System.in); systen.out.println(“Enter sno"); int nosse.nextIne(); systen.out.printin(“Enter snane"); String sname=sc.next(); system.out.println(*Enter address String saddesc.next(); systen.out .printin("enter resume path"); string U/vegister jdbc driver . Class. forName( “oracle. jdbc driver,QracleDriver*); : J/€stablish the connection 1 Connection consDriverNanager .getConnection( “jdbcroracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", “scott™ //create Prpearedstatenent obj PreparedStatement ps=con.preparestatement("insert into studentAll values(?,?,?,2)* I Create java.io.File obj File file-new File(resumePath); long lengthefile.length(); (/create Réader obj pointing resume Reader readersriew FileReader(file); ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746656, www.fo.com/naresNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Me.Nataraj 3320 7/set paran values(?) to Query 1322 ps.setint(1,no); 1323 ps.setString(2,snane); 1324 ps.setString(3,sadd) ; 3325 ps.setCharacterstream(4, reader, (int) length); 1326 7/ps.setClob(4, reader, length) ; 3327 //execute the Query 1328 int result=ps.executeUpdate(); 1329 // process the Result 1330 AF(result==e) 1331 Systen.out.printIn("Record not inserted"); 1332 else 1333 system.out.printIn(*Record inserted”); 4334 1335 I/close jdbc objs 1336 reader.close(); 1337. ps.close(); 1338 con.close(); 1339 } 1340 1341} 3342 CLebretrieve. java- 1343 package con.nt. jdbc; 1344 1345 import java.io.FileWriter; 1345 import Java. io.Reader; 1347 import Java.io.Writer; 1348 import Java. sql.Connection; 3349 import java. sql.Drivertanager; 1359 import Java. sql.Preparedstatement; 1351 import java. sql-ResuitSet; 1352 import java-util.scanner} 1353 1354 public class CLOBRetrieve { 1355 public static void main(string[] args)throws Exception { 1356 //vead inputs 1357 Scanner scenew Scanner(Systen.in); ase System.out.printIn("Enter student no"); 1359 int nossc.nextInt(); 1360 //stablish the connection 1361 Class. forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver OracleDriver") ; Bez Connection con«Drivertanager..getConnection(" jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", * 1363 //create Prpeareedstaement obj 1364 PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from StudentAll where sn 136s //set Query paran values 1366 ps.setInt(1,n0); 1367 //execute the Query 1368 ResultSet rs=ps.executeguery(); 1369 Hiprocess the ResultSet 1370 Reader reader-null; 3371 f(r next()){ 72 readersrs.getcharacterstrean(4); 1373 + 74 I/ereate Writer 1375 Writer writersnew FileWriter(*myResune.txt"); 1376 //use Buffer based logic to write CLOB value to Dest file 1377 char buffer[J=new char[2048]; 1378 int charsReada0; B79 while((charsRead-reader.read(buffer))!=-1){ 1380 writer.write(buffer,@,charsRead) ; 1381 + 1382 1383 System.out.printIn("“File has been Retrieved"); 1384 138s [close jdbc objs 1386 reader .close(); ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet Hyd, Ph: 40-23746666, ww.fo.Com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj writer .close(); rs.close(); ps.close(); con.close()5 Wimain y/felass CLobRetrievel. jave package com.nt. jdbc import java. io.Fileoutputstream; import java. io. InputStream; import java. io.OutputStrean; Amport jave.sql .clob; import java. sql-connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.Preparedstatenent; import java.sql.Resultset; import java.util.Scanner; public class CLobRetrievel { public static void main(Stringl] args)throws Exception { //vead inputs Scanner sc=new scanner(System. in); Systen.out-printIn(“Enter student no” int no=sc.nextint()5 //Establish the connection Class, forane(“oracle. jdbc driver .OracleDriver); Connection con=DriverManager..getConnection("idbc:oracie:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", “s [create Prpeareedstaenent obj Preparedstatenent ps=con.preparestatenent("select * from StudentAl where sno: /iset Query param values ps.setznc(1,n0); //execute the Query Resultset rs=ps.executeQuery(); [process the ResultSet lob javac CsTest1.java J />java CsTesth App23 (Application on CallableStatement obj Using Curosor) -CursorsTest . java. s*ereate-or replace procedure fetch AllEnpDetails(initchars in varchar, details cut sys_refcursor)as begin open details for select * from emp where ename like initchars; end; ir ‘ //CursorcsTest. java import java.sql.* 5 import java.util.*; import oracle. jdbc.*; // for OracleTypes class ( this pkg is available in ojbct4.jar file) public class CursorcsTest { public static void main¢ String args[ ] ) throws Exception { /I read cond character from key board Scanner scunew Scanner(System. in); Systen.out.println("Enter characters (first letters of emp name)"); String cond=sc.next(); cond=cond#"%" H/create jdbc con obj lass. forNane( “oracle. jdbc.driver.OracleDriver); Connection con = Drivertanager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe","scott* Callablestatement cs = con.prepareCall("{call fetch_AllEmpbetails(?,?) }*) // register out parameter with jdbc types (Oracle corp supplied jdbc types) cs.registerOutParaneter(2, 0racleTypes -CURSOR) ; // set value to IN parameter , cs. setString(1, cond); J/ execute pl/sql procudre : cs.execute() 5 1/ gather result from out paramter ResultSet rs=(Resultset)cs.getooject(2); J/display result while(rs.next()) { } I] close jdbc objects rs. close( cs.close( ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/nareshit System.out.printIn(rs.getInt(1)+" “#rs.getString(2)+" “#rs.getString(3)Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1622 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608, 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1635 x66 1617 1618 1619 3628 1621 1622 1623, 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639, 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648, 1649 1650 con.close(); App 24) App calling pl/sql function -csFxTestt Java: /*create or replace function Fx_Get_EmpDetails(no in number,name out varchar,salary out nunber)retur desg varchar2(20); begin select enane,sal,job into name, salary,desg from emp where empno=no; return dese; end; " package com.nt. jdbc; import Java.sql.Callablestatenent ; import java. sql.Connection; import Java. sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.Types; import java.util-Scanners public class CsFxTesti { public static void main(stringl] args)throws Exception { /icead input value Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systen.in); system.out.println( "Enter no:"); Int nozse.nextInt(); /ivegister driver and establish the connection Class. fortiane “oracle. jdbe.driver .Oracleriver") ; Connection coneDriverManager..getConnect ion( "jdbe:oracle:thin:@localhost:: Hlprepare query string qry="{?= call Fx_Get_EnpDetails(?,?,?)}"s /{create Callablestatement obj Caliablestatenent cs=con.prepareCall(qry); //eegister return,OUT parans with JOBC types cs.registerOutParameter(2,Types. VARCHAR) ;//return param cs. registerOutParameter(3, Types. VARCHAR) ;//out param cs.registerOutParameter(4, Types. INTEGER) ;// out param //set value to IN paran es.setInt(2,n0); //call pl/sql function cs.execute(); [/Gather results from OUT, return paraneters int salary=cs.getInt(4); //from OUT String desgucs.getstring(1); //fron return String name=cs.getString(3); //from OUT Systen.out.printIn("Nane:" «nanet"desgs"4desge"Salary="ssalary); [close jébc 0bjs cs.close(); con.close(); 1521 }/wain Miclass ~CsFxTesti. java~ /ICsFxTest2. java /* create or replace function Fx_Get_Student_FORDELETION (no in nunber, cnt out nurber)return sys_ as details sys_refcursor; begin open details for select * from student where sno=no; "Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit.APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 1651 1652 1653 F 1654 end; 1655 1656 */ 1657 import java.sql.*; 1658 import jave.utii.*; 4659. import oracle. jabe. *; 1668 1661 public class ¢: 1662 { 15 “ROWCOUNT urn dotad2s; ‘Test 663 public static void main(String args[])throus Exception 1664 4 1665 // read input values from keyboard 4666 Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systen. in); 3667 systen,out.printIn("enter student’ no”); 1668 int nowse.nextInt(); 1669 1670 // create jdbc con object 3671 Class. forWane(“oracle. jdbc.driver .oraclebriver"); 1672 Connection con-DriverHanager .getConnection("jdbe : oracle: thin:blocalhost:1521:xe","sc 1673 1674 I/eveate jdbc Callablestatenent obj 1675 Callablestatenent cs=con.prepareCall("{?= call FX_GET_STUDENT_FOR_DELETION(?, ?)}")5 1676 4677 // register out,return params with jdbc types f 1678 cs.registerOutParaneter(1,0racletypes.cliRSOR); //return param 1679 cs.registerOutParaneter(3, Types. INTEGER);//out param t 1680 1681 //set values to IN parancters 1682 €s.setInt(2,n0); 1683 1684 J/ call and execute pl/sql function 1685 cs.execute(); 1686 3687 // gather results fron return,out parans 1688 ResultSet rs=(ResultSet)cs.getdbject(1); // fron return paran(cursor) 1689 Hiprocess return value result 1690 while(rs.next()) 1691 { t 1682 systen.out.printin(ns.getint(1)+" “sns.getstring(2)+" “érs.getString(3)); 1693 1694 , 1695 cs.getint(3); //out param result 1695 2) 1697 System.out.printin(*Record not deleted"); 1698 else 1699 system.out.printIn(“Record deleted"); 3700 //eose jdbc objs ye1 rs.close(}s 3702 cs.close(); 4703 con.close()s a 1708 Wimain 1705 }//elass 1706 //>javac CsFxtestt.java 1707 //>java CsFxTest1 1708 1709 = oe =naeet = eoeewnes 1710 App26(Using Swings+JD8C) (program using all three Statenent Objects) ain rocedure in oracle 1712 create or replace procedure FIND_PASS FAIL(ai in nunber,m2 in nunber,m3 in nunber,res out varchar) 2 1713 begin a4 i#(m1¢35 or m2<35 op m3<35)then ms resi='fail'; 1716 else ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Pi: 040-23746666, wwrw.fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 4717 i718 1718 1726 1721 package com.nt. jdbc; 1722 1723 import java.awt.Color; 1724 import java.awt.FlowLayout; 4725 import java.awt event .ActionEvent; 1726 import java.awt.event ActionListener; 1727 import Java.sql.callablestatenent; 1728 import java. sql.connection; 1729. import java. sql.DriverManager; 1730 inport java. sql.PreparedStatenent; 1731 import java.sql.Resultset; 1732 import java.sql.Statenent; 1733 import java. sql. Types; 1734 1735. import javax. swing. JButton; 1736 import Javax. swing. 3ConboBox; 1737 import javax. swing. JFrame; 1738 import javax.swing. Label; 1738 import javax. swing. TextField; ~-AllStatsTest. Java: PSEA MTEL een into po ee kw 1780 3781 public class AllstmtsTest extends IFrame implenents ActionListener{ a 3742 private 3Label 1no,1name,Int,ln2,1n3, 1res3 sq 1743 private JTextField tnane, tnt, tn2, tn3, tres; ; 1744 private JButton bdetails,bresult; og 374s private IConboBox tno; i ams private Connection con; 3747 private Statenent st; 1748 private PreparedStatement ps; 4749 private Callablestatenent cs; 1750 private ResultSet rs1,rs25 1751 1752 Heconstructor 1753 public Allstatstest(){ 1754 systen.out.printIn(*"Constructor"); 1755 setsize(400,400); 3756 setBackground(Color.cyan); 1737 setLayout (new FlowLayout()); 1758 setDefaultClosedperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 3759 Hiprpeare and Add comps 3760 Anosnew ILabel ("sno"); et add¢no} 3762 tnosnew 3ConboBox); 1763 add(tno) 5 1764 1765 bdetailsenew JButton("details*); 1766 bdetails. addactionListener(this); 1767 add(bdetails 1768 1769 Inanesnew 3Label("snane"); 1778 add(Iname) ; . vm ‘tnane=new JTextField(10); wm add(tnane); 73 7 Inienew ILabel ("Harks1") 1775 add(m); : 76 tatsnew ITextField(10); v7 add(tat); 3778 79 An2enew ILabel (*Marks2"); 1780 adé(la2); 1781 ‘tn2-new ITextField(10); 3782 add(tm2); ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 0:Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj InB-new JLabel (“Marks3"); add(1n3); ‘tn3enew JTextField(19); add(tm3) 5 bresult=new JButton(*Result"); bresult .addActionListener(this) ; add(bresult); Iresenew JLabel(*Result"); add(Ires) 5 - tres=new JTextField(10); add(tres); setVisible(true); mytnit(); }//constructor private void nyInit(){ System.out. println(“nyInit()"); tryt /[register driver Class. fortiame(“oracle. jdbc.driver Oraclenriver"); [Establish the connection ‘con=DriverHanager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe","scott™, "tiger /[create Statement obj stscon.createstatement(); J/exeute logic to get sno values into conbo box Psiest executeQuery("select sno fron All_student"); ubile(rst.next()){ ‘tho.addItem(rs1.getString(1)); W/while Psi.close(); st.close(); //create Prparedstatenent obj ps=con.prepareStatenent("select * from All_Student where sno=2"); Hicreate CallableStatenent obj s=con.prepareCall("{call FIND_PASS_FAIL(?,?,?,?)}")5 cs.registerOutParameter(4, Types .VARCHAR) ; yitry catch(Exception ¢){ e.printstackTrace() ; + Hénytnit() @override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { System.out.println("action Performed"); 4 (ae. getSource()=sbdetails){ _ System.out.printIn(“Details btn is clicked"); [Jeet Selected iten fron conbo box String tsno=(String)tno.getSelecteditem(); int no=Integer.parseInt(tsno); try //set value to Preparestatenent obj Query ps.setInt(1,n0); Hexecute the Query rs2eps. executeQuery(); [set values to text boxes if (rs2.next()){ ‘thane. setText(ns2.getstring(2))s tit. setText(rs2.getstring(3))3 ‘Naresh’ Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit1849 1850 est 1852 1853, 1354 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1362 1363, 1364 1365 1266 1867 1868 1363, 1878 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1s81 1882 1383, 1384 1885, 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 3980 1901, 1962 1903 1904 1985 1986 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911, 1912 1913, 1914 Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj ‘tnd. setText(rs2.getstring(4)) 5 tm3.setText(es2.getstring(5))3 wie Witry catch( Exception e){ e.printStackTeace(); ot wae alse tryf systen.out.printIn(“Result Btn is clicked"); //read values fron marks text boxes and set then IN paran values ¢s.setInt (1, Integer.parseInt (tmi.getText())); -€5.Setint(2, Integer.parseInt(tm2.getText()))5 cs.setInt (3, Integer.parseInt(tn3.getText()))3 /1call pl/sql procedure cs.execute(); //eather result from OUT param and set to text box tres.setText (cs. getString(4)); > catch(Exception e){ e.printstackTrace(); ; V/else }factionPerformed(-) public Static void main(stringl] args) { systen.out.printIn("main(-)"); ‘AllstatsTest statsenew Allstmtstest(); App27( Scrollable Resultset obj) ~ScrollTest .java //Scrollabletest. java import java.sql.*3 public class ScrollableTest { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { //oad jdbc driver class,create jdbc con obj Class. forName( "oracle. jdbc.driver .Oracledriver"); Connection coneDriverManager.getConnection("“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "sc // create Jdbc Statement obj with type,mode values ‘Statement ,st=con.createStatement (ResultSet. TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet .CONCUR_UPI U1 create Scrollable ResultSet obj Resultset rsest.executeQuery("select * from student"); 1/ display records (top-bottom) System.out.printIn("Top-to bottom"); while(rs.next()) Systen.out.printIn(rs.getInt(1)+" “#rs.getString(2)+" "#rs.getstring(3)); Wiwhile JI display records (botten-top) System. out .printIn("Botton-Tap") ; rs.afterLast()5 khile(rs.previous()) ‘Naresh’ Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/noreshit 32: BSSEEEREEES 49, oeNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj t System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" “srs.getString(2)+""#rs: Wiwbite . Ee) i {display records randomly rs.first(); //gives First record system.out. printIn(rs.getRow()+ -)"ers.getInt(1)+" “4rs. getString(2)+" rs.last(); //gives Last record systen.out.printIn(rs.getRow()+"--->"srs.getint(i)+" “ers. getString(2)+" rs.relative(-2); //gives Last but 3 : systen.out.printIn(rs.getRow()+"--->"srs.getInt(1)+" "ars getString(2)+" rs.absolute(4); //gives 4th record systen.out.printla(rs.gotRoa(j+"--~>"4rs.getine(i)+" “wns getstring(2)+* rs.absolute(-2); //gives last but 1 record systen.out.printin(rs.getRow()+ rs.relative(1)} //gives last record systen.out.printIn(rs. getRow( )+" //chose jdbc objs rs.close(); ps.close()} con.close(} App28 (Using Scrollable ResultSet object) ScrellFrane. java etString(3))3 “Hrs gets) “ers. gets ‘ers .gets: ‘srs gets >'ars.getInt(1)+" “ers.getString(2)+" “+rs.getString(3) rs.getInt(1)+" “4rs.getString(2)*" “4rs.getString(3) /*perform first, last,previous and next navigation buttons using scrollable Resultset*/ import java.sql.*; import java.awt.*} import java.awt.event.* public class ScrollFrane extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private JTextField tsno, tsna, tsadd; private JLabel Ino,1na,ladd; private JButton bfirst, blast, bnext, bprevious; private Connection con=null; private Statement st-null; private ResultSet rsenullj ScrollFrame() { system. out.printIn ("constructor"); setLayout (new FlowLayout()); setBackground(Color.green); setSize(400,200); //add. comps to Frame window ‘no=new JLabel ("SNO") ; add(1nd) 5 tsnd = new ‘ITextField(2@); add(tsno) 5 Anasnew JLabel (“NAME”) ; ‘add(Ina); ‘tsna = new ITextField(20); add(tsna); Ladd=new JLabel ("ADDRESS"); add(ladd) 5 tsadd = new JTextField(20); add(tsadd); ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 04023746666, www fb.com/nareshit 7Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj bfirst = new JButton("First"); add(bfirst); bfinst .addactionListener(this); blast =new 3Button("Last"); add(blast); blast .addActionListener(this); bprevious = new 38utton("previous"); add(bprevious); bprevious.addActionL istener(this); bnext = new JButton("next"); add(bnext); bnext.addActionListener(this); . setVisible( true) ; '_ setdefaul tCloseOperat-ion(3FRANE.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); makeconnection(); ? private void makeConnection() { try { system.out.println( "nakeConnection()"); //register jdbc driver Class. fortiane(“oracle. jdbc.driver.Oraclebriver"); /lestblish the connection con = Drivertanager.getConnect ion(" jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", //create Statenient obj st = ¢on.createStatenent (ResultSet. TYPE_SCROLL_ SENSITIVE, ResultSet .CONCUR_RE, // create Scrollable Resultset rs = st. executeQuery("select * from student"); systen.out.printin("scrollble resultset object 1s ready"); "scott", "tiger") } catch(Exception ce) { ce.printstacktrace(); } }/wake connection public void actionPerformed(Actionévent ae) { systen.out.printa(“actionPerformed()"); boolean found=false; try { system.out .printIn(ae.getActionCommand()); if(ae.getSource()==bfirst) //uhen first btn is clicked { rs.first()5 found=true; t else if(ae.getSource()sblast) //when last btn is clicked { rs.last(); . found=true; } else if(ae.getSource()exbnext) //when last btn is clicked Af(Irs.istast()) { ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 04% 746666, wwvifb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj rs.next(); found-true; } + else it(ae. getsource( previous) //uhen previous btn is clicked if(Irs.isFirst()) rs.previous(); found=true; if (found) { tsno. setText(rs.getString(1)); tsna.setText(rs.getString(2)); tsadd.setText(rs.getstring(3)); ? Yeatch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); > }/actionPerformed public static void main(String args[]) { systen.out.printIn(“main method"); new Scrollframe(); ‘App29(Progran on SensitiveResultset Object) os - SensitiveTest .java- /1 prg to read data from Ds table import java.sql.*5 public class SensitiveTest { public static void main(String args[])throus Exception { Hregister jdbe driver and establish the connection Class. forNane( “oracle. jdbc.driver .Oraclebriver"); i Connection consOriverManager. getConnection("jdbe:onacle: thin:@localhost:1522:xe", /Icreate Scrollable and Sensitive ResultSet obj Statement st=con.createStatement (ResultSet. TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE ResultSet .cONCUR_U ResultSet rs=st-executequery("select sno,sname,sadd from student"); //logic to demonistrate sensitive behaviour me int cnte1; while(rs.next()) rs.refreshiow(); system.out.printla(rs.getString(1)+" "trs.getString(2)#" “ers.getString(? if(ente=2) Thread. sleep(408e@); //modify records from SQL prompt centees While /[elose jdbc objs rs.close(); st.close(); ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwwfb.com/nareshit 55:RIE Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj = con. close(); Wimain }felass 2143 214 2aas 2116 2117 218 2119 2120 224 2122 2123 224 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 mal 232 2243 2144 2145, 2146 2147 2148 2149 2158 2151 2152 2153, 2154 2155 2156 2187 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163, 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173, 2174 2175 2176 2177 2378 * app30( prg on Updatable Resultset) UndatableTest. java Amport java.sql.*; public class UpdatableTest public static void main(String args{])throws Exception { [ivegister jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forNane( “oracle. jdbc driver oracleDriver") ; Connection consDrivertianager. getConnect ion("{dbc:oracle: thin:@localhost :1521:xe", "se: // create jdbc Statement obj, and create UpdatableResultset obj ‘Statement st=con.createStatenent (ResultSet. TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet .CONCUR_UPI ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery(*select sno,snane,sadd from student"); /*system.out.println(“updates the 4th record"); rs.absolute(4); Ps.updateString(2, “bab Ps.updateRow();*/ system.out.printIn("Inserting new row"); rs.noveToInsertRow(); //creates an eapty record in ResultSet obj rs.updateInt (1,131); rs.updateString(2, "keyboard"); rs.updateInt (3,57); rs_insertRow()} /* System.out.printIn( “deleting 2 th row"); Ps.absolute(2); rs.deleteRow(); */ rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(}; Wimain V/class App3i(To interact with Mysql DB s/w) -MysSqlSelectTest. java- import java.sql.*; import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class HySqlselectTest t public static’ void inain(String args[])threns Exception { [register jdbc driver and establish the connection //Ciass.forNane(“org.gjt .mn.nysql .Oriver"); (or) Class. forNane("con.mysqi. jdbc Driver"); [establish the connection Connection con-Driverlanager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///mydb1", /[Connection con«DriverManager .getConnection("jdb 1/ create Staenent obj Statement st=con.createstatenent(); 1/ execute the query ResultSet rsest .executequery("select * from product"); white(rs.next()) "Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit, oot", “root"); sql: //localhost :3306/aydb1","nNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Me.Nataraj { } //close all jdbc stream objects rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); imain Hiclass System.out.printin(rs.getInt(1)+" “srs. getString(2)+" “+rs.getSteing(3)) ‘App32. (Interacting with Excel as 08 s/w) U/éxceliest Java package com.nt. jdbc; import java.sql.*; public class ExcelTest { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { J/vegister jdbd driver Class . forNane( "sun. jdbc odbc. 3dbcOdbeDriver") ; [Establish the connection Connection con=DriverManager. getConnection(" /* —— [/ereate Staement obj Statement st-con.createstatenent(); 7/ send and execute SQL Query in Db s/w ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from {Sheeti$]"); // Process the ResultSet while(rs.next()){ Systen-out.peintln(rs.getInt(1)+" “ars.getString(2)+" “#ns.getString(3))s vy 5 Preparedstatenent ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into [sheet1$] values(?,?,?)")s ps.setint (1,360); ps. setString(2,ramesh"); Ps. setstring(3,""indore"); int result=ps .executeUpdate(); Systen.out.printin( result+" no.of records are inserted"); idbc:odbe:x1sdsn"); ” Helose jdbc objs : rs.close() st.close() con.close(}; */ ‘App33) Interacting with csv File TxtTest. java: package com.nt.jdbes Anport java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.OriverManager; import java.sql-Resultset; import java.sql.Statement; public class TextTest { public static void main(string{] args)throws Exception { Ufvegister jdbc driver Class. forName(" sun. jdbc -odbe. JdbcOdbcDriver"); //Establish the connection Connection con=Orivertianager.getConnection("jddc:odbe:txtdsn*); J/create Statement obj Statement st=con.createStatement(); “Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www [b.Com/nareshit2245) 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2268 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2278 2271 272 273 274 2275 2276 27 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2298 2291 2292 2293 2298 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2308 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 7/send and execute SQL query in Db s/w Resultset rs=st.executeguery(*select * from files.csv")} //process the ResultSet while(rs.next()){ Systen.out.printIn(rs.getint(3)4" “srs. getsering(2)+" “ers. getString(3))5 > I close jdbc objs rs.close(); st close(); con.close(); Vimain yiclass App34)prg to read data from Excel Sheet and to insert into oracle D8 table) Excel Te eracle.java- import java.sql.*; Public class ExcelToOracle { public static void main(string args{])throws Exception iz Connection excelcon=nu}l, orac Statement st=null; PreparedStatenent. ps Resultset rs=null; dj; 21; Afvegister jdbc drivers Class. forName(” sun.jddc-odbc. JdbcodbcDriver) 5 Class. forName( "oracle. jdbc «driver .GracleDriver”) ; Systen-out.printIn("Drivers Loaded"); J/establish the connections ‘excelcon=Drivertanager .getConnection(" jdbe:odbe:x1sdsn") oracon-DriverManager .getConnection( "idbc:oracle: thin: @localhost:1521:xe", "scott","t system.out.printin("connections established"); /create Statenent objs steexcelcon.createStatenent()3 pseoracon.prepareStatenent(*insert into student values(?,?,?)*); systen.out printin("statengnt prepared"); J/get records from excel sheet rs=st.executequery(*select * fron {student$]"); while(rs.next()) Iivead each record from excel sheet int no=rs.getInt (1); String na=rs.getString(2); String adders. getstring(3); -Minsert each record into oracle db table ps.setInt(1,n0); ps.setstring(2,na) ps.setstring(3,add); ps.executeUpdate(); Miwhile Systen-out.printin(*oata has been copied"); J/ciose jdbc objs rs.close()3 st.close(); ‘Naresh I Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fo.com/nareshit :358:: (STR Rr NA RE ROUNENS n nan al instalee 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 * 9320 2321 Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj ps.close(); oracon.close(); excelcon.close(); Wimain yielass ‘App35)Program to read Metabata of the Database) J[patabaseMetadata program import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; public class D8cap { public static void main(string args{])throws Exception IIvegister jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forNane( “oracle. jdoc.driver.OracleDriver"); Connection con=DriverManager. getConnection(* jdbc :oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", “scott”, "ti, //get Metadata DatabaseMetaData dbmd =con.getetadata(); System.out.printlo(“class that implements vatabaseMetaData(i) is"+dbad.getel systen.out.printIn(“database name “+dbnd. getDatabaseProductNiane()) 5 systen.out-printin ‘database version, “edbed getDatabase?roductVersion()); systen.out.printInt"jdbe driver version “+dbnd.getDriverVersion()); systen.out.printin("sql key words = “+dbnd.getSOLKeywords()) systen.out.printIn(“nuneric functions “+dbnd.getNumericFunctions()); systen.out.printn("String Functions “+dbnd.getStringFunctions()); systen.out .printIn("system Functions"+dbnd. getSystenFunctions()); systen.out printin("Search String Escape"+dbnd. getSearchStringéscape()); systen.out.printIn(” supportsStoredProcedures = “#dbnd.supportsStoredProcedures()); systen.out.printIn(” gethaxRowSize = "sdbmd.getMaxRowSize()); systen.out.printin(™ getMaxStatementLength = “+dbnd.getMaxStatementLength()); Systen.out.printIn(“get Max tables in 2 select query="tdond. getMaxTablesinSelect())3 systen.out.printIn(“get Max Length of Table Nane="+dond. getMaxTableNameLength())3 systen.out.printIn("jdbc api version is"+dbad.getJ08cMajorVersion()+" . “+dbmd.getIDBCKinor¥ ‘App36 (Application on ResultsetMetaData to print table data along with co2 names) -RenSelectTest.java- import java.sql. import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public Class RsmSelectTest : { — public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { Class. forNane( “oracle. jdbc.driver .OracleDriver"); Connection con-Drivertianager .getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:x6",*s // create Staenent obj Statement st=con.createStatenent(); 71 execute the query ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from student"); /iget ResultSetMetadata obj ResultSetMetadata rsnd=rs.getMetadata(); 11 get col count int cat=rsnd.getColunncount(); //print col names ‘Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hya, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit ‘Naresh Technologies,Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS. By MrNataraj a 2377 for(int tye) j 2378 ‘ E 2379 System. out. print(rsmd.getColumnLabel(i)+"\t\t\t"); 2380 Witer 2381 system. out. println(); 2382 //print col vlaues 2383 while(rs-next()) 2384 2385 for(int is0;icent;-+44) 2386 { i 2387 System.out.print(rs.getString(i)+"\t\t\t" 2388 }/for 2389 System.out.printin(); 2390 Wiubide j 2391 j 2392 J/elose all jdbc stream objects i 2393 rs.close()} j 2394 st.close(); 4 2395 con.close(); i 2396 }/nain 2397 }//class 2398 2399 a — 2408 App37(Program using ParaneterMetaData) 2401 2402 - PupTest. java 2403 import java.sal.*; 2404 2405 public class PxoTest { 2406, 2407 public static void main(Java.lang.string[] args) throws Exception 2408, { 2409 Class. forNane( "sun. jdbc odbc. JdbcOdbeDriver"); 2410 Connection con«briverManager .getConnection("jdoc:odbc:mysqldsn”, "root", “root 2011 2412 2413, PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatenent ("insert into student values(?, ?, 2)"); 2414 2035 ParameterMetaData pmdeps.getParanetertetadata(); 2416 2417 System.out.print1n("impl class name of ParaneterMetaData(i)"+pnd.getClass().getName( 2a18 2419 int cntepnd.getParaneterCount(); 2420 2021 for (int i ist) { 2422 System.out.printIn("Paraneter number “ + i); 2423, 2424 system.out.printIn(" Mode is * + pnd.getParametertode(i)); 2425 systen.out.printin(" Type is + pnd.getParaneterType(i)); 2426 System.out.printIn(" Type nane is “ + pnd.getParameterTypeName(i)); 2427 Systen.outprintIn(" Precision is * + pnd.getPrecision(i)); 2428 System.out.printIn(" Scale ig " + prd.getScale(i)); 2429 System.out .printIn(" Nullable? 1s " + pnd. isNullable(i)); 2430 system.cut.printin(" Signed? is " + pid.isSigned(i)); 2431} 2432 +} 2433} 2034 2435 = 2436 App38(program on jdbc rowset ) 2437 sean 2438 Rew. java~ 2439 package con.nt. jdbc; 2449 import java. sql.*; 2441 import javax.sql.*; 2442 _ import oracle. jdbc. rowset. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 2443) 2484 2445, 2446 2447 2448 2449 2458 2054 2452 2453 2454 2855 2056 2857 2058 2459 2460 2061 2462 2463 public class Row { public static void main (String (Jargs) * ey { HIereate Rousset obj RonSet jrowset = new OracleJOBCRowset(); //set jdbc properties Srowset.setUrl(“jdbe:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe"); Jrowset.setUsername(*scott"); jrowset.setPassword(“tiger"); Jrowset.setConnand("select enpno from enp*) ; jrowset -execute(); Systen.out.print1n("conmand executed"); /ipracess the Rowset while (Jrowset.next()) { System.out.println (jrowset.getInt(1))5 t jrowset.close(); } catch(Exception ee) { System.out.printIn(ee.toString()); ‘App39) CachedRowset -Rew2. java. package con.nt. jdbc; import java-sqi.*; import Javax.sql.*; public class Row2 { public static void main (String [Jargs)throws Exception ‘ I/create Rouset obj oracle. jdbc.rouset .OracleCachedRowset crowset= new oracle. jubc.rowset.OraclecachedRowset(); I/sct jdbc properties crowset .setUrl("jdoe:oracle: thin :@localhost:1521:xe"); crowset .setUsernane ("scott"); crowset .setPassword(“tiger"); crowset.setConmand("select * from student"); crowset .execute();//executes Query Systen.out.printin("query executed"); Hiprocess the Rowset while (crouset.next()) i systen.out.println (crowset.getInt(1)+" “#crowset .getString(2)+" “scrowset.getstring(3) ) ' = crowset.setReadOnly( false); crowset absoluter(2)3 crowset.updatestring(3,"new delhi"); crowset .updateRow(); crogset -acceptchanges(); [close Rowset crowset.close(); } Swain VielassNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513, 2518 2515, 2516 2517 2538 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525, 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531, 2532 2533 2534 2535, 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543, 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548, 2549 2550 2551 2552, 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559, 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2872 2573 2574 Row3. java~ package com.nt. jdbcs import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; impart java.io. Stringuiriter; import javax.sql.rowset.NebRowset3 import oracle. jdbc. rowset.OracleWebRowSet; public class Row’ { public static void main(string{] args) { ay t UIcreate WebRowset obj OracleWebRowSet webRS= new CracleifebRowset (: J[set jdbc properties webRS. setUsername("scott"); webRS. setPassword("tiger"); webRS. setUrl ("jdbe: oracle: thin:@localhost:1521::xe" webRS. setCommand("SELECT * from employee"); /Jexecute the query webRS.execute(); {[create or locate file File, nyFile-new File("c:/enployee1.xml"); Fileliriter fw = new FileWriter(myFile); systen.out.printIn("hriting db data to file " + myFile.getAbsolutePath()); webRS.writeXml (fu); // writes the records of Rowset to file // convert xml to a String object for display purpose Stringhriter sw = new Stringwriter(); webRS.writexal (sw) 5 system.out. print1n(sw.tostring()); fa Flush); fu.close(); }eatch(Exception e) e.printStackTrace(); App4o) JoinRowset Ron. java package com.nt. jdbc; import oracle. jdbc.rowset.OracleCachedRowset; Amport oracle. jdbc.rowset -OracleJoinfowset public class Rowd{ public static void main(String args{]) { try { 1/Cached RowSet1 OracleCachedRowSet crst erst, setUrl ("jdbc:oracle crsi. setUsername("scott”)3 crs. setPassword(“tiger")3 crsi.setConmand(“select enpno,ename,deptno fron emp"); erst. execute(); ' ersi.setMatchColumn(3) ; new OracleCachedRowset(); thin :@localhost:1521:xe") J[Cached Rowset2 . OracleCachedRowSet_crs2 = new OracleCachedRowset() ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph; 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 762:Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj crs2. setUrl( "jube:oracle;thin:@localhost:1521:xe"); crs2. setUsernane("scott"); crs2.setPassword( tiger"); crs2.setComand("select * from dept"); ers2.execute(); crs2. setHatehColumn(1) ; //kdd multiple RowSets to JoinRowset OracleJoinRowSet joinkS = new OracleJoinRowSet() ; JoinkS.addRowSet (erst) ; Joinks. addRonset (crs?) $ /[Process JoinRowset hile "(JoinRs.next()) { Systen.cut.println(joinRS.getString(1)+" “+joinRS.getstring(2)+" “+JoinRS.getString(3)+" = } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() 5 $2598 App 41) FilteredRowset package com.nt. jdbc; import java.sqi-SQLException; import javax.sql.RowSet; import Javax.sql.rouset.CachedRowset Amport javax.sql-ronset.Predicate; import oracle. jdbc. rowset.OracleFilteredRowset; class Filter1 implenents Predicate { private String colName; public Filtert(String colName) { ‘this.colNane = colName; + public boolean evaluate(Rowset rs) { try { CachedRowSet crs = (CachedRowSet) rs; //get Each record of ResultSet as CachedRowset String object = crs.getString(colNane); Af (object != null &8 (object.charat(@) == ‘A’ || object.charat(e) return true; } else { : return false; wy } } catch (Exception e) { a return false; > > public boolean evaluate(Object argo, int argi) throws SQLException { 3 return false; } public boolean evaluate(Object arg, String argi) throws SQLException { return false; } ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 2641, 2642 2643, 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653, 2654 2655, 2656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2696 2691 2682 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706 st.addBatch(“delete from student where sno=34") public class Row5 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { OracleFilteredRowSet frs = new OracleFilteredRowSet(); frs.setUsername("scott"); fs. setPassword("tige frs.setUrl("idbczoracle! frs.setconnand( "select //dpply Filter frs.setFilter(new Filtert(“enane")); Frs.execute(); while (Frs.next()) { system,out.printIn(frs.getInt(1)+" “sfrs.getString(2)+" “sfrs. getString(3)); hin:@locathost:1521:x% ‘from emp"); d5 } ‘App42) BatchProcessing/Updataion) BatchPrecess. java~ package com.nt.jdbes import java.sql-*5 public class BatchProcess { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { //oad jdbc driver and establish the connection Class. forNane( “oracle. jdbc .driver.Oracledriver" Connection consDriverManager..getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "sc //disable the autoconmit node con, setAutoConmit (False); //ereate Statenent obj Statement stzcon.createStatenent(); // add queries to batch staddBatch(“update student set snane='chinnai' where sno=107@"); st.addgatch("insert into student values(169, ‘ccc',,'muak;")"); JI execute the batch int result[ Jest executeBatch(); Mprocess the results int sum=o; for(int i=;icresult.length;++i) { t Systen.out. printIn sun-sun+result[i]; no.of records that are effected"+sum); st.close(); con. close(); Wimain yjelass App43( Transcation Management) java 1 TrtigntTest java package con.nt.jdb import java.sql.*} import Java.util.*; public class TxMgmtTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection consnull; ‘Naresh (Technofogies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj —— ‘Statement st=null; try { J/read input value from keyboard Scanner scenew Scanner(System. in); system.out.printIn(“Enter sre a/c no:"); int srcacno=sc.nextInt(); Systen.out.println("Enter Dest a/c no:"); int destacno=sc.nextInt()} Systen.out.printIn("Enter Ant to transfer: int amt=sc.nextInt(); 11 create jdbe con obj Class. forName( “oracle. jdbc.driver OracleDriver"); con=Drivertanager.getconnection("dbe:oracle: thinz@locelhost:152u:x8", "scott //disable auto commt mode con. setAutoConmit (false); //begins Tx // create jdbc statement object st=con,createStatement(); { // add queries of transfertoney operation to batch processing /Iquery for withdraw operation st.addBatch("update jdbc_account set balance-balance-"samt+" where acno="#sr ZIquery for deposite operation st-addBatch(“update jdbc_account set balance-balance+"+ant+" where acno="+de // execute the queries of batch int res[]=st.executeBatch(); /Iurite the code of Tx mgmt boolean flag=true; for(int ixosdcres.lengths++4) if(res[i]==0) // if any element value is @ flagefalse; break; } } //commit or rollback the Tx : Af (flagesfalse) { con.rollback(); system.out printIn("Tx is rolledback(money not transffered)"); } else . “ con. conmit(); Serra System.out.print1n("Tx is conmitted(Money transffered)")3 } /1elose jdbc objs st.close(); con.close(); catch(Exception e) { "Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameepet, Hyd, Ph 040-23746666, wuw,fo.com/nareshit 65: try { ) con.rollback();Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS, By Mr.Nataraj 2773 catch (Exception e1){el.printstackTrace(); } 2774 3 [eatch 2775 Wimain 2776 }/class 2777 j/>javac TxMgntTest. java 2778 //>java TxMgntTest 2778 — = 2788 Appa (Batch Processing by using PreparedStatenent obj) 2781 2782 -psBatchTest. java 273 //pspatchTest.java 2784 package com.nt.jdbes 2785 import java.sql.*; 2786 public class PsbatchTest 2787 { 2788 public static void main(String args{])throws Exception 2789 ‘ 2798 11 create jdbc con obj 2791 Class. forNane(“oracle. jdbc.driver.oracleDriver"); 2792 Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe", “sc: 2793 2734 //create Preparedstatenent obj 2795 PreparedStatenent ps=con.prepareStatenent("insert into student values(?,?,?)") 2796 Sfadd param values to batch 2797 ps.setInt (1,111); 2798 ps.setString(2,"raja"); 2798 ps.setstring(3, "hyd"); 2800 ps.addBatch(); //add Ist set param values to batch 2801 2802 ps. setInt (1, 222: 2803 ps.setString(2, 2804 ps.setstring(3, 2805 ps.addBatch();//add 2nd set param values to batch 2806 2807 ps.setint (1,333); 2808 ps.setString(2,“rakesh"); 2803, ps.setString(3, "hyd2")5 2810 Ps.addBatch();//add 3rd set param values to batch 2811 2812 // exeute the Query 2813 Ant res{ ]eps-executeBatch(); 2814 2815 /Iproces the result 2816 Ant ent=83 2817 for(int i=@;icres.length;++i) 2818 { 2819 entecnteres[i]; 2820 } 2821 2822 system.out.printin(“no.of records that inserted: "+ent); 2823 2824 //close jdbc objs 2825 ps-close() 2826 con.close()s 2827 fwain 2828 * }//class 2829 2830 sawnee 2831 App4S(progran to make JBC Application Flexible) 2832 2833 2834 properties file * 2835. driversoracle. jdbc. driver .OracleDriver 2836 url=idbc:oracle:oci8:@xe 2837 _userescott 2838 password paDetails properties ‘iger ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies _ APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj FlexiblesbECTest. java //FlexibleIDaCTest. java package com.nt. jdbc; import java. sql." import java.i0.*; import java.util.* public class Flextest ( public static void main(String!) args)throws Exception { [Mocate properties file FileInputStrean Fissnew FileTnputStrean("babetails.properties")5 {Head the datz of properties file .to Properties class obj Properties panew Pronerties(); p.load (Fis); 11 get Jcbc details Fron Properties class obf String step. get?roperty(*driver"); String s2=p.get?ronerty(*unl"); String s3=p.get®roverty(*user"); String s4=p.getPronerty(*password IIweite jdbc code Class. forName(s1); Connection con=DriverManager.getconnection(s2,s3,54); Statement st«con.createStatenent()} ResultSet rsust.executequery("select * from student “); while(rs.next()) { ‘Systen.out.printIn(rs.getString(1)+" “srs.getString(2)+" “+rs.getstring(3 , rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); Wémain iclass ‘App46 (on Drivertanaged Idbc Conn Pooling )(Client Side com pool) - - ConnPoolTest..java~ //ConnPooltest.java (works with DriverManaged Jdbc con pool) package com.nt. jdbc; Inport java.sql.*5 inport oracle.jdbe.pool.*; // (for OracleConnectionPoolDataSource (c)) public class ConnboolTest { public static void main(String args{])throws Exception t // create jdbc datasource obj representing an enpty driver managed con pool for oracle OracleConnectionPoolbataSource ds = new OracleConnectionPoolDatasource(); // give details to create jdbc con objects in the above empty can pool ds.setOrivertype ("thin"); ds. setServerNane (“localhost”); ds.setPortNunber (1521)} ds.setServiceName ("xe"); ds.setUser (“scott ds.setPassword("tiger"); //-->now jdbc con pool is ready with jabe con objs /1 get one jdbc con obj from jdbc con pool through DataSource obj Connection consds.getConnection{); J/ write jdbe persistance logic Statement st=con,createStatement(); ResultSet rsest.executeguery("select * from student’ while(rs.next()) ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit2905) 2906 2907 2968 2909 2910 2911, 2912 2913, 2914 2915 2916 2917 2938 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933, 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943, 2944 2945 2986, 2947 2948 2949 2958 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2360 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj, { ) Helose jade objects rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); {releases con obj back to 2dbe Con pool Winain Miclass H/asd ojdoci4.jar file to classpath //yJavac ConnPoottest. java //>Jave ConnPooltest systen.out.erintin(rs.getint(1)#" “ees.getString(2)+" *ers.getstring(2))5 Appa7(SavePoint ) SavePointTest. java //SavePointTest. java package ¢om.nt. jdbc; import java. sql-*; public Class SavePointTest { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { /Jregister jdbc driver and establish the connection lass. fortiame( “oracle. jdbc.driver .OrackeDriver"); Connection con=DriverManager .getConnection(" jds<:oracle: thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "sc: Hcreate statment obj Statement st = con.createstatement(); 11 Begin Tx con. setAutoConnit (Fase) ; //query (outside the save point area) st.executeUpdate("insert into student values(567, ‘xy2", 'hyd1')"); if create Waned Save Point (“p Savepoint sp=con.setSavepoint ("pi"); //query2< in save point area) st.executeUpdate(“update student set sadd='new delhi’ where sno=111"); //roLlaback upto savepoint (P1) con.rollback(sp); 11 commit 1% con conmit(); //end of the Tx //query1 will be commited but query2 will be rolled back {Ibecoz the query2 is there in savepoint area. .(p1) Wimain Viclass //>}avac SavePointTest. java //>java SavePointTest App48 (interacting with Postgres SQl DB s/w) //PostgreSQlapp. java package con.nt. jdbc; import java.sql.*5 public class Postgresotapp { public static void main(String args{])throus Exception t [ivegister jdbe driver with Drivertanager Service Class. forName(“org.postgresal .Driver"); //establish the connection //Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql:nydbi" , "postgres", "root"); Hor Connectioncon=Driveranager . getConnection( "jdbc: ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit jostgresql: //localhost:5432/nydb1” , “postgres”Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS __8y MrNataraj 1/ create jdbc statement obj Statenent stecon.createstatement(); 7/ send and exacute SQL query ResultSet rs=st.evecuteQuery("select * from product"); Iprocess the jdbc KesuitSet obj uhile(rs.next()) Systen.out.printIn(rs.getInt(1)+" rs.getString(2)+" “Hs. getFloat(3)); 7 I/ close jdbc objects rs.close(); st.close(); con.close(); y/main Viclass /[>javac Postgresgtapp. java //>java PostgresoLapp App49( Example Application Type3 IDBc driver) Type3Testi. java [ypestest.java package com.nt. jdbc; import java.sqi.*; class Type3Testt { Public static void main(string{} args) throws Exception Hvegister type jdbe driver Class. forNane("1ds.sql.1DSDriver"); J/Establish the connection 7/Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(* jdbc: ids :// localhost :12/conn?dsn=or Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(" jdbc: ids://localhost :12/conn?dsn="accd I/ereate jdbc Staterent obj Statement. st = con.createStatenent(); 7/ execute the SQL Query ResultSet rsest.executeQuery("Select * from student”); J/process the ResultSet obj while(rs.next()) { System.out.printin(rs.getInt(1)#" “#rs.getString(2)+" “4rs.getstringys)); } T/aose jdbc objs rs.close(); st close(); con.close(); y ’ ‘App5® (Application on Types JDBC Driver) TypesTest. java- /TTypestest. java Package com.nt.jdbc; import java.sqi-*3 public class TypeSTest {public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception ( //oading jdbc driver class is optional here 7/Class .forNane( “con, ddtek. jdbe.oracle.OracleDriver"); // Establish the Connection Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 68:Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3eaa 3045, 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3052 3052 3053, 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063, 3064 3065, 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071, 3072 3073 3074 3075, 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3302 String url = “}dbe:datadirect :oracle://localhost 1521; ServiceNane=xe"; Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", “tiger"); J/send and excute the query Statenent st=con.createStatenent(); ResultSet rsest.executeQuery("select * from student"); while(rs.next()) Systen.out.println(rs.getInt(a)+* “srs.getString(2)+" “4rs.getString(3))3 } //close jdbc bjs rs.close()3 st.close()3 con.close(); Vimain Viclass //>Javac TypeSTest. java //>java TypeTest Applications on Reflection API //hppi.iava (gives all classes of inheritance hierarchy for the given java class) public class Appi { public static void main(String args(])throws Exception C // \oad the given class to application Class caClass. forNane(args[@]); // get super Class of given class Class sc=c.getSuperclass(); systen,out.println(“The inheritance of given class is"); while(scleaull) { system.out printin(™\t\t\t"4sc. getName()) 5 csc} seme. getSuperclass(); Miwhile y¢main Yielass //>javac Appi.java (compile tine) 7/>java Appl java.lang.String (runtime) //java Appl java.awt. TextField 2 -App2. java-- //hpp2.Java (gives interfaces implemented by the given java class) public class App2 { public static void main(String args[])throws Excertion { // load the given inte Application Class ceClass. forwane (args[0]); // get the interfaces implenented by given class Class inter[ ]ec.getinterfaces(); // print interface names Systen.out.printIn("The interfaces inplenented by"4args[0]); for(int indsicinter.Length;+4i) 4 System.out-printIn("\t\t*+inter[i].getName()); /for Himain iclass 7/>Javac App2. java /}>5ava_app2 java.lang.String ichnologies, Opp. Satyam Theat ‘com/nareshit ‘Nares!Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By Mr.Nataraj //>java App2 java.util Oate ae - Appa. java- //app4. java (gives modifiers of the given java class) import java. 1ang.reflect .Modi fies public class Appa public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { /1 oad the given in to Application Class ¢=Class. forNane(args[@])3 // eet the nodifiers of given class int x=c.getModifiers(); systen.out.printin(" value is"4x)3 /iprint modifiers systen.cut.println("The modifiers of "sares[e]); if(Modifier.isPublic(x)) systen.out.println(*\t\t publi if (Modifier. isFinal(x)) systen.out.printin(*\t\t final"); Af (Modifier. ishbstract(x)) systen.out printin("\t\t abstract"); }/main Viclass I/>javec Appa. java //>Java Appa java.lang.String I/>java Appa Java. lang.Integer 7 pS. java~ 1/ App5.java (gives the modifiers of the given java class) import java. lang.reflect.*; public class Apps { public static void main(String args[])throws Exception { [/lo2d the given class into Application Class ceClass.fortiane(args[@]); // get all the fields of given java class Field £[Jec.getdeclaredFields(); [/dipslay menber variable details Systen.out.printin("The Fields of “args[0]); for(int is0;icF. length;++i) { /1 get modifiers of each field Ant x=f[{}.getNodifiers(); Af (Modifier. isPublic(x)) systen.out.print("\t\t public"); if Modifier. isPrivate(x)) systen.out.print(*\t\t private"); if (Modifier .isProtected(x)) systen.out.print("\t\t protected"); if (todifier. isStatic(x)) : Systen.out.print("\t\t static”); if (Wodi fier -isFinal (x)) system.out.print("\t\t final"); {f (Modifier. isVolatile(x)) Systen.out.print("\t\t volatile”); if (Modifier. isTransient (x)) systen.out.pnint(*\t\t transient"); String ftype=f[1].getType() -gettane(); String fname=f[i].getane(); System.out.printla(" “#ftypet" —“+fname); Miter /aain Wiclass Apps. java ‘Naresh | Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 71:2Naresh i Technologies APPLICATIONS By MrNataraj 3169 //>java App5 java.lang.String 3178 //>java App5 java. lang. integer ain -App6. java~ 3172 //App6.java (gives all the constructors of given java class) 3173 import java. lang. reflect.*; 3174 3175 public class Apps 3176 { 3177 public static void main(String args{])throws Exception 3178 { 3179 //oad the given class in to app 3180 Class c=Class. forNane(args[2]); 3181 // get the constructors of given java class 3182 Constructor cons[]=c.getDeclaredconstructors(); 3183 //orint constructor details 3184 Systen.out.printIn("the constructors of “sargs{@]); 3185 for(int 120;izcons.lengthss+i) 3186 ( 3187 //eet modifiers of each constructor 3188 int xecons[i] .getModifiers(); 3189 4#(Wodifier. isPublic(x)) 3190 System.out.print(*\t public"); 319 if (Modifier. isProtected(x)) 3192 ‘System.out.print(*\t protected"); 3193 Af (Modifier. AsPrivate(x)) 3194 systen.out.print("\t private"); 3195 // get name of the each constructor 3196 String name=cons[i].getNane(); 3197 //get paraneter types of the each constructor 3198 Class parans{J-cons[i] .getParaneterTypes(); 3198 System.out.print(" “+name+"("); 3208 for(int ke@3kjavac ApS. java 3209 //>java Apps java.lang.String 3210 //>java Apps java.util.Date 3211 3212, 3213 ‘Naresh I Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshitNaresh j Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj NN Working with BLOB, CLOB, STRUCT, ARRAY BLOB: BLOB stands for Binary Large Object. BLOB is used to store large amount of binary data into database like images. The oracle.sql.BLOB class includes the following methods: « getBinaryOutputStream(): Returns a java.io.OutputStream to write data to the BLOB as a stream. * getBinaryStream(): Returns the BLOB data for this Blob instance as a stream of bytes. * getBufferSize(): Returns the ideal buffer size, according to calculations by the JDBC driver, to use in reading and writing BLOB data. This value is a multiple of the chunk size {see getChunkSize() below) and is close to 32K, * getBytes(): Reads from the BLOB data, starting at a specified point, into a supplied buffer * getChunkSize(): Returns the Oracle chunking size, which can be specified by the database administrator when the LOB column is first created. This value, in Oracle blocks, determines the size of the chunks of data read or written by the LOB data layer in accessing or modifying the BLOB value. Part of each chunk stores system-related information, and the rest stores LOB data. Performance is enhanced if read and write requests use some multiple of the chunk size. length(): Returns the length of the BLOB in bytes. position(): Determines the byte position in the BLOB where a given pattern begins. putBytes(): Writes BLOB data, starting at a specified point, from a supplied buffer. Below example shows how to store images into database. ackage com.nit; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.InputStream; = import java.sql.Connection; import Java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; public class MyBlobInsert public static void main(String af}){ Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; InputStream fis = null; try { Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "system", "manager"); System.out.printin(con); Ps = con. prepareStatement("insert into student_profile values(?,2)"); ps.setint(1,19); « File f=new File("D:\\PAWAN.jp9"); fis = new FileInputStream(f); ps.setBinaryStream(2, fis, int)f-length()); int count = ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.printIn("Count: "+count); } catch (ClassNotFoundexception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.printin(e); . e.printStackTrace(); 'Noresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC - By Mr. Nataraj } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e,printStackTrace(); } finatly{ null) fis.close(); null) ps.close(); ull) con.close(); } cateh( Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); > nt SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT_PROFILE(SNO NUMBER(5);SPHOTO BLOB); Table created. How to read an image from database table? or Write an example for reading BLOB from table. package com.nit; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql. SQLException; public class RetrievelmageApp { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, SQLException, ClassNotFoundException { _* Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracie:thin.@nit- 11:1521:xe","system","manager"); PréparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select sphoto from student_profile where sno=19"); FileOutputStream fos=new FileQutputStream("D:\\NIT\\PAWAN.jpg"); ResultSet rs.=ps.executeQuery(); while(rs.next())}{ fos.write(rs.getBytes(1)); } fos.close(); aaa CLOB:- . CLOB Stands for CharacterLargeObject .If a column data type is declared as’a CLOB then in that column we can store any text filé data. ‘The oracie.sq!.CLOB class includes the fallawing methods: « getAsciiOutputStream(): Returns a java.io.OutputStream to write data to the CLOB as a stream. P 1. +. getAsciiStream(): Returns the CLOB value designated by the Clob object as a stream of ASCII bytes. © getBufferSize():. Returns the ideal buffer size, according to calculations by the JDBC driver, to use in reading and writing CLOB data. This value is a multiple of the chunk size (see getChunkSize() below) and is close to 32K. . * getCharacterOutputStream(): Returns a java.io.Writer to write data to the CLOB as a stream. + getCharacterStream(): Returns the CLOB data as a stream of Unicode characters. * getChars(): Retrieves characters from a specified point in the CLOB data into a character array. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Sotyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitWRT ere arash ) Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj wnkSize(): Returns the Oracle chunking size, which can be specified by se administrator when the LOB column is first created. This value, in determines the size of the chunks of data read or written by the LOB da essing or modifying the CLOB value. Part of each chunk stores system: tion and the rest stores LOB data. Performance is enhanced if you mak: are write requests using some multiple of the chunk size. + getSubString(): Retrieves a substring from a specified point in the CLOB data. + tength(): Returns the length of the CLOB in characters. * position(): Determines the character position in the CLOB at which a given substring egins. + putChars(): Writes characters from a character array to a specified point in the CLOB d © putst 1g(): Writes a string to a specified point in the CLOB data. SQL> CREATE TABLE EXAMPLE(EID NUMBER(19),ENAME VARCHAR2(19),ECODE CLOB); Table created Write a java program to insert example eid,example ename and example ecode into above table cuo8ie? ae * ES Chbapp.iava 3 IRE Systembibeary[is56-1 Ee, Referenced libraries Be optbct4jar-« ClobApp.java package com.nit; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.ICException; import java.sal.Connection; import java.sal.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; public class ClobApp { public static void main(String[] args)throws ClassNotFoundexception, SQLException, IOException { Class.fortvarne(“oracle,jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(*jdbc:oracie:thin: @nit- 11:1521:xe","system","manager"); File f=new File("D:\\NIT\\Test.java"); String sql="INSERT INTO EXAMPLE VALUES(?,?,?)"; PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sql); ps.setint(1,99); ps.setString(2," NARESH" ps.setCharacterStream(3,new FileReader(f),(int)f.length()); . ps.executeUpdate(); } a sm. uments and SeltingsIAYAPROZECTS|Desthop Write a java program to get example eid,example ename and example ecode from table Example ClobRetrieveapp.java package com.nit; import java.io.FileQutputStream; Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit- 275:Naresh i Technologies JOBC By Mr. Nataraj import java.io.IOException; port java.io.inputStream; import java.sql.Clob; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; public class ClobRetrieveapp { . public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException, IOException { Class.fortvame(" oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("{dbe:oracie:thin: @nit- 11:1521:xe", "system", "manager"); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("SELECT *FROM EXAMPLE"); while (rs.next()) { int eid=rs.getInt(1); String ename=rs.getString(2); Clob clob=rs.getClob(3); InputStream in=clob.getAsciiStream(); FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("D:\\AdvancedJava\\"+eid-ename+" java"); int ch=in.read(); while(ch!=-1){ fos.write(ch);//storing in file System.out.printin(ch);//displaying on monitor ch=in.read(); + in.close(); fos.close(); } > a Struct(Object)Data Type This data type ig required in case you want to create a user-defined type in a database.Far example ,you might need to create a user defined type to represent the address of a student in a single column. SB structepp G8 src | BB comnt | BB) CerstudentAddressusingstruct java |) Bid) insertstudentDetais java (2) STUDENTADDRESS. java En comant.dae { BD GotstudentAddress.java HEB JRE Systern Library [lavaSE-1.6] (BA Referenced Libraries” , Ea} ofdbct4 jar - C:\Documents and Settings\JA, STUDENTADDRESS.java package com.nit; import java.sql.SQLData; import java.sql. SQLException; import java.sql.SQLInput; port java.sql.SQLOutput; public class STUDENTADDRESS implements SQLData{ ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Thectre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwwfb.com/nareshit 76:Naresh i Technologies By Mr. Nataraj private String street,city,state,typename private int fno,pin; public String getStreet() { return street; } public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; } public String getCity() { return city; 3 public void-setCity(String city) { this.city = city; 3 public String getState() { return state; + public void setState(String state) { this.state = state; } public String getTypename() { return typename; } public void setTypename(String typename) { this.typename = typename; H public int getFno() { return fno; + public void setFno(int fno) { this.fno = fno; + public int getPin() { Feturn pin; } public void setPin(int pin) { this.pin = pin; @Override public String getSQLTypeName() throws SQLException { return typename; + @Override public void readSQL(SQLInput stream, String name) throws SQLException { fno=stream.readint(); stream.readString(); ream.readString(); state=stream.readString(); pin=stream.readint(); typename=name; + @Override ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj public void writeSQL(SQLOutput stream) throws SQLException { stream,writeint(fno); stream.writeString (ci‘y); stream. writeString(state); stream.writeString(street); stream.writeInt(pin); : ‘InsertStudentDetails.java package com.nit; import java.io.File; import java.io,FileInputStream; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.Driver; import java.sql.PreparedStatement: import java.util.Properties; public class InsertStudentDetails public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Driver d=(Driver) (Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance(); Properties p=new Properties(); p.put(*user", "system"); p.put("password", "manager"); Connection con=d.connect("jdbc:oracle:thin:@nit-11:1521:xe", p); PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO A NARESHIT_STUDENTDETAILS(SNO,PHOTO,PERMENTADDRESS) VALUES(?,?,?)"); ps.setint(i, 99); File f=new File("C:\\Documents and Settings\\All Users\\Documents\\My Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Sunset.jpg"); FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(f); ps.setBinaryStream(2,fis,(int)f.length()); STUDENTADDRESS addr=new STUDENTADDRESS(); addr.setFno(19); addr.setCity("hyd"); addr.setStreet("Ameerpet"); addr.setPin(500099) ; addr.setState("AP"); addr.setTypename(“NIT_STUDENTADDR2"); ps.setObject(3,addr); it i=ps.executeUpdate(); System.dut.printin(*Personal Details of Student 99 inserted successfully"); con.close(); » GetStudentAddress.java package com.nit.dao; port java.sql.Connection; port java.sql.Driver; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util. HashMap; port java.util. Properties; import com.nit.STUOENTADDRESS; public class GetStudentAddress { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { Driver d=(Driver)(Class.forName("“oracle.jdbc.driver. OracleDriver") ,newinstance()); ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshitNaresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj —————————— Properties p=new Properties(); p.put(“user", "system"); p.put("password", "manage:"); Connection con=d.connect("jdbc: oracle: thin: @nit-1: ‘Statement -on.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery/"SELECT PERMENTADDRESS FROM NARESHIT_STUDENTDETAILS WHERE SNO=99"); if(rs.next()){ HashMap map=new HashMap(); map.put(“NIT_STUDENTADDR2" ,STUDENTADDRESS.class); STUDENTADDRESS addr=(STUDENTADDRESS)rs.getObject(1,map); System.out.printin("Student Address.Found"); System.out.printin("Flatno:"+addr.getFno()); System.out.printin("Street:"+addr.getStreet()); system.out.printin("Pin:"+addr.getPin()) :1521:xe", p); con.close(); 3 3 GetStudentAddressUsingStruct.java package com.nit; ; import java.sql.Connection; . . we import java.sql.Driver; import java.sq.ResultSet; import java.sql. Statement; import java.sq}.Struct; import java.util.Properties; public class GetStudentAddressUsingStruct { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { Drivér d= (Driver) (Class.forvame("oracle.jdbe.driver.OracleDriver").! newinstance()}: Properties p=new,Properties(); p.put("user", "system"); p.put(“password", ‘imanager"); Connection con=dygonnect("jdbe:oracle:thin: @nit-11:1521:xe", p); Statement st=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=st.executéQuery ("SELECT PERMENTADDRESS FROM NARESHIT_STUDENTDETAILS WHERE SNO=99"); if(rs.next()){ System.out.printin("Student Address Found"); Struct struct=(Struct)rs.getObject(1); Object addr{]=struct.getAttributes(); System.out.printin("Flatno:"-+addr{0]); System.out.printin("Street:"+addr[1]); System.out.printin("Pin:"+addr[4]); System.out.printin(); con.close(); } A } Output Student Address Found Flatno:19 Street:hyd Pin:500099 ‘SQL> CREATE TYPE NIT_STUDENTADDR2 AS OBJECT (FLATNO NUMBER, STREET ~ VARCHAR2(19),CITY VARCHAR2(19),STATE VARCHAR2(19),PINCODE NUMBER) rechnologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwwnfb.com/nareshiti JoBC By Mr, Nataraj SS ee 27 Type created. SQL> CREATE TABLE NARESHIT_STUDENTDETAILS(SNO NUMBER,PHOTO BLOB,PERMENTADDRESS NIT_STUDENTADDR2,PRESENT_ADDRESS NIT_STUDENTADDR2); Table created. The Array Data Type: The java.sql.Array interface of JDBC API provides an abstraction to understand the JDBC Driver object that represent a database array type.The Array object is implemented by using an SQL locator,which indicates that the array object contains a logical pointer to locate the array value ina database. 12 InsertempPessportDetals EHS sre . EB comnt BB) GetempPassPortDetals,java LB) InsertempPassPortDetals java BI-BBA JRE System Library [Javast-L.6] hai Referenced Libraries: BG ojdbet4,jar- C:\Docurnents ettings|8 InsertEmpPassPortDetails.java package com.nit; import java.sq|.Connection; import java.sql.Driver; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.util. Properties; import oracle.sql.ARRAY; import oracle.sql.ArrayDescriptor; public class InsertEmpPassPortDetails { public static void main(String{] args)throws Exception { Driver d=(Driver)(Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"). newInstance(); Properties p=new Properties(); p.put("user”, "system"); p.put("password", "manager"); Connection con=d.connect("jdbc:oracle:thin:@nit-11:1521:xe", p); PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO EMPPASSPORTDETAILS. VALUES(?,2,?)"); ps.setint(1,99); ps.setString(2,"9989A555"" String si[}={"v1","v2","v3","v4","v5"}; ‘ArrayDescriptor ad=ArrayDescriptor.créateDescriptor("VISA_NOS",con); ARRAY a=new ARRAY(ad, con, $1); ps.setArray(3, a); int i=ps.executeUpdate(); System.out. printin("Rows inserted,Count:"+ con.close(); + ® GetEmpPassPortDetails.java package com.nit; import java.sql.Array; import Java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.Drive port java.sql.PreparedStatement; port java.sql. ResultSet; import java.util. Properties; ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj public class GetEmpPassPortDetails { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { Driver d=(Driver)(Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance());, Properties p=new Properties() p.put("user", "system"); p.put(“password", "manager"); Connection con=d,connect("jdbc:oracle:thin: @nit-11:1521:xe", p); PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("SELECT PASSPORTNO, VISA_TAKEN FROM EMPPASSPORTDETAILS WHERE EMPNO=99"); ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery(); if(rs.next()){ System.out.printin("\n Employee Found, His Passport Details.are:\n"); ‘System.out.printin(*PassportNio:"+rs.getString(1)#"\n"); System.out.print("Visa's Taken are :\n\t"); Array a=rs.getArray(2); ResultSet rs1=a.getResultSet(); boolean flag=rsi-next(); while (flag) { System.out.printin(rs1.getString(2)); ‘1.next(); System.out.print(","); : System.out.printin("Employee not Found"); con.close(); yt SI Output Employee Found,His Passport Details are: F PassportNo:9989A555 : Visa's Taken are : SQL> CREATE TYPE VISA_NOS AS VARRAY(5) OF VARCHAR2(19) 2/ = oS Type created. SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPPASSPORTDETAILS(EMPNO NUMBER, PASSPORTNO. = VARCHAR2(19),VISA_TAKEN VISA_NOS);Naresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj FAQs JDBC Objective Type Questions & Answers 1. Which statements about JDBC are true? (2 answers) a. JDBC is an API to connect to relational-, object- and XML data sources b, JDBC stands for Java DataBase Connectivity c. JDBC is an API to access relational databases, spreadsheets and flat files d, JDBC is an API to bridge the object-relational mismatch between OO programs and relational databases Ans: b,c 2. Which packages contain the JDBC classes? a. java.jdbc and javaxjdbe b. java.jdbe and java.jdbe.sql ¢. java.sql and javax.sq) d. java.rdb and javax.rdb Ans: ¢ 3. Which type of driver provides JDBC access via one or more ODBC drivers? a. Type 1 driver b. Type 2 driver c. Type 3 driver d. Type 4 driver Ans: a 4, Which type of driver converts JDBC calls into the network protocol used by the database management system directly? a. Type 1'driver b.Type2driver c. Type 3driver —_d. Type 4 driver. Ans: d 5. Which type of Statement can execute parameterized queries? a. PreparedStatement b. ParameterizedStatement c. ParameterizedStatement and CallableStatement e. All kinds of Statements (i.e. which implement a sub interface of Statement) Ans: a How can you retrieve information from a ResultSet? a, By Invoking the method get(..., String type) on the ResultSet, where type is the database type b, By invoking the method get(..., Type type) on the ResultSet, where Type is an object which represents a database type c. By invoking the method getValue(...), and cast the result to the desired Java type. d. By invoking the special getter methods on the ResultSet: getString(...), getBoolean (...), getClob(...)j... Ansid 7. How can you execute DML statements (i.e. insert, delete, update) in the database? a. By making use of the insertStatement, DeleteStatement or UpdateStatement classes b. By invoking the execute(...) or executeUpdate(...) method of a normal Statement object or a sub-interface object c. thereof 4. By invoking the executelnsert(...), executeDelete(...) or executeUpdate(...) methods of the e. DataModificationStatement object f. By making use of the execute(...) statement of the DataModificationStatement object Ans:b 8. How do you know in your Java program that a SQL warning is generated asa result of executing a SQL statement in the database? a. You mist catch the checked SQLException which is thrown ‘by ‘the method which executes the statement : b. You must catch the unchecked SQLWarningException which Is thrown by the method which executes the statement ¢. You must invoke the getWarnings() method on the Statement object (or a sub interface thereof) d. You must query the ResultSet object about possible warnings generated by the database Ans: 9. What is, in terms of JDBC, a DataSource? a. A DataSource is the basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers b, A DataSource is the Java representation of a physical data source ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam. Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj c. A DataSource is a registry point for INDI-services _ d. A DataSource is a factory of connections to a physical data source Ansid 10. What is the meaning of ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE ‘a. This means that the ResultSet is insensitive to scrolling b. This means that the Resultset is sensitive to scrolling, but insensitive to updates, i.e. not updateable c, This means that the ResultSet is sensitive to scrolling, but insensitive to changes made by others d. The meaning depends on the type of data source, and the type and version of the driver you use with this data source Ansic a. Yes, but only if you call the method openCursor() on the ResultSet, and if the driver and database support this option b. Yes, but only if you indicate a concurrency strategy when executing the statement, and if the driver and database support this option c. Yes, but only if the ResultSet is an object of class UpdateableResultSet, and if the driver and database support thisoption d. No, ResultSets are never updateable. You must explicitly execute DML statements (i.e. insert, delete and update) to change the data in the underlying database Ans: b 12, What statements are correct about JDBC transactions (2 correct answers)? a. A transaction is a set of successfully executed statements in the database b. A transaction is finished when commit() or roltback() is called on the Connection object, c. A transaction is finished when commit() or roliback() is called on the Transaction object d. A transaction is finished when close() is called on the Connection object. Anstbyd -13, How can you start a database transaction in the database? ‘a. By asking a Transaction object to your Connection, and calling the method beg b. By asking a Transaction object to your Connection, and setting the autoCommit of the Transaction to false ¢. By calling the method beginTransaction() on the Connection object d. By setting the autoCommit property of the Connection to false, and execute a. "statement in the database Ans:d TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ a. Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur b. Dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur c. Dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom reads can occur d. Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented Anstc 15, What statements are correct about positioned updates (i.e. cursor updates) in ResultSets? (2 correct answers) a a. Using the cursor technique is currently the only possible way to change the data in the. current row of a ResultSet b. Insert statements are only supported when using scrollable cursors. ¢. Only scrollable updateable ResultSets can use this approach to change the data In the current row of a ResultSet 4, The name of the cursor is specified by the setCursorame(String name) method the Statement object. : Ans: bd = 16, How can you execute a stored procedure in the database? a. Call method execute() on a CallableStatement object b. Call method executeProcedure() on a Statement object ¢. Call method execute() on a StoredProcedure object d. Call method run() on’a ProcedureCommand object ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fb.com/naresitNaresh / Technologies i sogc By Mr. Nataraj Ans: a 47. What happens if you call the method close() on a ResultSet object? a. The method close() does not exist for a ResultSet. Only Connections can be closed. b. The database and JDBC resources are released c. You will get a SQLException, because only Statement objects can close ResultSets d, The ResultSet, together with the Statement which created it and the Connection from which the Statement was retrieved, will be closed and release all database and JDBC resources Ans: b 18, What happens if you call deleteRow() on a ResultSet object? a. The row you are positioned on is deleted from the ResultSet, but not from the database, ‘>, The row you are positioned on is deleted from the ResultSet and from the database ¢. The result depends on whether the property synchronizeWithDataSource is set to true or false You will get a compile error: the method does not exist because you can nat delete rows from a ResultSet Ans:b 19. What statements are correct about batched insert and updates? (2 answers) a. To create a batch of insert and update statements, you create an object of type, Batch, and call the method b. Addstatement(String statement) for each statement you want to execute in the batch <. Batch insert and updates are only possible when making use of parameterized queries. d. To do a batched update/insert, you call addBatch(String statement) on a Statement object for each statement you want to execute in the batch e. To execute a batched update/insert, you call the executeBatch() method on a Statement object 20, What is correct about DDL statements (create, grant,...)? a. DDL statements are treated as normal SQL statements, and are executed by calling the execute() method on a Statement (or a sub interface thereof) object b, To execute DDL statements, you have to install additional support files ‘<. DDL statements cannot be executed by making use of JDBC, you should use the native database tools for this. d. Support for DDL statements will be a feature of a future release of JDBC Ans: a 21, The JDBC-ODBC Bridge supports multiple concurrent open statements per connection? a. True c. False Ans:a 22. Which of the following allows non repeatable read in JDBC Connection? a. TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED ——_b. RANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED c, TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE d. TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ Ans:d 23. Which of the following statements is false as far as different type of statements is concern in JDBC? a, Regular Statement b. Prepared Statement £-Spliodle Statement d. Interim Statement asi 24, Which of the following methods are needed for loading a database driver in JDBC? a. registerDriver() method b. Class.forName() c. Both A and B d. getConnection() Ans: ¢ 25, Which of the following is false as far as type 4 driver a. Type 4 driver is “native protocol, pure java” driver b. Type 4 drivers are 100% Java compatible c Type 4 drivers uses Socket class to connect to the database d._Type 4 drivers cannot be used with Netscape concern? ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23748666, www.fo,com/nareshitNaresh / Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj SS Ans:d 26. To execute a stored procedure “totalStock” following code snippet is used? a. Statement stmt = conne b. CallableStatement clbstmnt c, StoreProcedureStatement stmt=connection.createStoreProcedure(“totalStock()");spstmt.executeQuery(); b. PrepareStatement pstmt = connection. prepareStatement("totalStock()");pstmt.execute(); in a database server, which of the n.createStatement();stmt.execute("totalStock()"); con.prepareCall("{call totalSteck}");cs.executeQuery(); 27. Which driver is efficient and always preferable for using JDBC applications? a. Type 4 ‘beType = 1 t. Type = 3 d. Type -2 Ansia 28. JDBC facilitates to store the java objects by using which of the methods of PreparedStatement setObject (} 2. setBlob() 3. setClob() a. 1,2 b. 1,2,3 13 4. 2,3 Ans: b 29. Which statement is static and synchronized in JDBC API? a.executeQuery() —b, executeUpdate() c. getConnection() d. prepareCall() Ansic . 30. The JOBC-ODBC bridge is a. Three tiered b. Multithreaded c. Best for any platform d. All of the above Ans:b 31, All raw data types (including binary documents or images) should be read and uploaded to the database as an array of a. byte b. int c. boolean d. char Ans:a 32. The class java.sql.Timestamp has its super class as a. java.sql.Time b. java.util.Date ¢, java.util. Time d. None of the above Ans: b 33. BLOB, CLOB, ARRAY and REF type columns can be updated in a. JDBC 1.0 b. JDBC 4.0 cc. JOBC 2.0 d. JDBC 3.0 Ans: d 34, Which of the following methods finds the maximum number of connections that a Specific driver can obtain? a. Database.getMaxConnections b. Connection.getMaxConnections c, DatabaseMetaData.getMaxConnections —_d, ResultSetMetaData.getMaxConnections Ans: ¢ 35, Are prepared statements actually compiled? a. Yes, they compiled b. No, they are bound by the JDBC driver ” Ans: a 36, When the message "No Suitable Driver” occurs? a. When the driver is not registered by Class.forname(} method b. When the user name, password and the database does riot match c. When the JDBC database URL passed is not constructed properly d, When the type 4 driver is used Ans: ¢ 37. Which driver is called as thin-driver in JDBC? a. Type-4 driver. Type-1 driver —_c. Type-3 driver d. Type-2 driver Ans: a 38. How many transaction isolation levels are defined in java.sql.Connection interface? a.4 b.3 c5 d.2 ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wrw:fo.com/nareshitJDBC By Mr. Nataraj 39, Which method is used to perform DML statements in JDBC? a.execute() —_b. executeQuery()c, executeUpdate() d. executeResult() An: 40. What is the disadvantage of Type-4 Native-Protocol Oriver? a. At client side, a separate driver is needed for each database. b. Type-4 driver is entirely written in Java c. The driver converts JDBC calls into vendor-specific database protocol d. It does not support to read MySQL data. Ansia Learn more‘about JDBs ture: Explain Basic Steps in writing a Java program using JDBC? JDBC makes the interaction with RDBMS simple and intuitive. When a Java applica access database : n needs to + Load the RDBMS specific JDBC driver because this driver actually communicates with the database (Incase of JDBC 4.0 this is automatically loaded). * Open the connection to database which is then used to send SQL statements and get results back. Create JDBC Statement object. This object contains SQL query. Execute statement which returns resultset(s). ResultSet contains the tuples of database table as a result of SQL query. Process the result set. Close the connection. Exaplain the JDBC Architecture. The IDBC Architecture consists of two layers: + The JDBC API, which provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection. + The JDBC Driver APS, which supports the JDBC Manager-to-Driver Connection. The JDBC API uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to provide transparent connectivity to heterogeneous databases. The JDBC driver manager ensures that the correct driver is used to access each data source. The driver manager is capable of supporting multiple concurrent drivers connected to multiple heterogeneous databases. The location of the driver manager with respect to the JDBC drivers and the Java application is shown in Figure. f a | vaya Applicat ‘Naresh i Téchnologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 86:ee Naresh i Technine’: JDBC By Mr. Nataraj What are the main components of JDBC ? The life cycle of a ser-ist cansists of the following phas * DriverManages: Manages a list of database drivers “atche connection requests from the java tion with the proper database driv 3 communication subprotocol. toccl under JDBC will be used to The first at recognizes a certain subp: establish a database Connection. * Driver: The database communications link, handing all communication with the database. Noriviaily, once the driver is loaded, the developer need not call it explicitly. * Connection : Interface with all methods for contacting a database.The connection object represents cormunication context, i.e., all communication with database is through connection object only. + Statement : Encapsulates an SQL statement which is passed to the database to be parsed, compiled, planned and executed. © ResultSet: The ResultSet represents set of rows retrieved due to query execution. How the JDBC application works? ‘A JDBC application can be logically divided into two layers: 1. Driver layer 2. Application layer * Driver layer con + The application begins with requesting the Driver: * An appropriate driver is choosen and is used for establishing the connection. This connection is given to the application which falls u son layer. * The application uses this connection to create Statement kind of objects, through which = SQL commands are sent to backend and obtain the results. of DriverManager class and the available JDBC drivers. nager for the connection. Driver manager Driver layer Driver classes , i Application layer Corinection ‘Statement I ResultSet \___upaatecount Figure: JDBC Application How do I load a database driver with JDBC 4.0 / Java 6? Provided the JAR file containing the driver is properly configured, just place the JAR file in the classpath. Java developers NO longer need to explicitly load JDBC drivers using code like Class.forName() to register a JDBC driver.The DriverManager class takes care of this. by automatically locating a suitable driver when the DriverManager.getConnection() method is called. This feature is backward-compatible, so no changes are needed to the existing JDBC code. What is JDBC Driver interface? The JDBC Driver interface provides vendor-specific implementations of the abstract classes provided by the JDBC API. Each vendor driver must provide implementations of the java.sql.Connection, Statement, PreparedStatement, CallableStatement, ResultSet and Driver. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hy “h: 040-23746666, www-fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies By Mr. Nataraj What does the connection object represents? The connection object represents communication context, |.e., all communication with database is through connection object only. What is Statement ? Statement acts like a vehicle through which SQL commands can be sent. Through the connection object we create statement kind of objects. Through the connection object we create statement kind of objects. Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); This method returns object which implements statement interface. What is PreparedStatement? A prepared statement is an SQL statement that is precompiled by the database. Through precompilation, prepared statements improve the performance of SQL commands that are executed multiple times (given that the database supports prepared statements). Once compiled, prepared statements can be customized prior to each execution by altering predefined SQL parameters. PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = 2"); pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, 153833.00); pstmt.setint(2, 110592); Here: conn is an instance of the Connection class and "2" represents parameters. These parameters must be specified before execution. What is the difference between a Statement and a PreparedStatement? Statement PreparedStatement |A standard Statement is used to create a Java representation of a literal SQL statement and ‘execute it on the database. A PreparedStatement is a precompiled statement. This means that when the PreparedStatement is executed, the RDBMS can just run the PreparedStatement SQL. statement without having to compile it first. Statement has to verify its metadata against the database every time. While a prepared statement has to verify its metadata against the database only once. If you want to execute the SQL statement ohce go for STATEMENT If you want to execute a single SQL statement multiple number of times, then go for PREPAREDSTATEMENT. PreparedStatement ‘objects can be reused with passing different values to the queries What are callable statements ? Callable statements are used from JDBC application to invoke stored procedures and functions. How to call a stored procedure from JDBC ? PL/SQL stored procedures are called from within JDBC programs by means of the prepareCall() method of the Connection object created. A call to this method takes variable bind parameters ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Pl 140-23746666, www.fo.com/noreshit BB:FE Naresh / Technologies By Mr, Nataraj the as input parameters as we CallableStatement ciass. The following line of code uF CallableStatemen: «\, nt = conn.prepareCall("{call procns AEN Here conn is an instance of the Connection class. What are types of JDBC drivers? There are four types of drivers defined by JDBC as follows: + Type 1: IDBC/oDaC require an ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) driver for the database to be inst This type of driver works by ¥ ing the submitted queries into equivalent ODBC queries and forwards them via native API calls directly to the ODBC driver. 1 pro 10 host redirection capability. + Type2: Native API (partly-Java driver)—This type of driver uses @ vendor-specific driver or database API to interact with the database. An example of such an API is Oracle OCI (Oracle Call Interface). It also provides no host redirection. * Type 3: Open Protocol-Net—This is not vendor specific and works by forwarding database requests to a remote database source using a net server component. How the net Server component accesses the database is transparent to the client. The client driver communicates with the net server using a database-independent protocol and the net server translates this protocol into database calls. This type of driver can access any database. rotocol-Net(pure Java driver)—This has 2 same configuration as a type 3 driver but uses a wire protocol specific to a particular vendor and hence can access only that vendor's database. Again this is all transparent to the client. Note: Type 4 JDBC driver is most preferred kind of approach in JDBC. Which type of JDBC driver is the fastest one? JDBC Net pure Java driver(Type IV) is the fastest driver because it converts the JDBC calls into vendor specific protocol calls and it directly interacts with the database. Does the JDBC-ODEC Bridge support multiple concurrent open statements per connection? No. You can open only one Statement object per connection when you are using the JDBC- ODBC Bridge. Which is the right type of driver to use and when? © Type I driver is handy for prototyping + Type III driver adds security, caching, and connection contro! + Type III and Type IV drivers need no pre-installation What are the standard isolation levels defined by JDBC? The values are defined in the class java.sql.Connection and are: TRANSACTION_NONE TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED TRANSACTION REPEATABLE_READ TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE Any given database may not support all of these levels. - Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Anieerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fa.com/nareshit 89:Naresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj ———————————— What is resultset ? The ResultSet represents set of rows retrieved due to query execution ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sqlQuery); What are the types of resultsets? The values are defined in the class java.sql.Connection and are: © TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY specifies that a resultset is not scrollable, that is, rows within it can be advanced only in the forward direction. © TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE specifies that a resultset is scrollable in either direction but is insensitive to changes committed by other transactions or other statements in the ‘same transaction, * TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE specifies that a resultset is scrollable in either direction and is affected by changes committed by other transactions or statements within the same transaction. Note: A TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY resultset is always insensitive. What's the difference between TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE and TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE? TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE 1 ‘A sensitive resultset does NOT represent a snapshot of data, rather it contains points to those rows which satisfy the query condition. ‘An insensitive resultset is like the ‘snapshot of the data in the database when query was executed. After we get the resultset the changes made to data are not visible through the resultset, and hence they are known as insensitive. After we obtain the resultset if the data is. modified then such modifications are visible through resultset. Since a trip is made for every Performance not effected with insensitive. |‘get’ operation, the performance |drastically get affected. What is rowset? A RowSet is an object that encapsulates a set of rows from either Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) result sets or tabular data sources like a file or spreadsheet. RowSets support component-based development models like JavaBeans, with a standard set of properties and an event notification mechanism. What are the different types of RowSet ? There are two types of RowSet are there. They are: * Connected - A connected RowSet object connects to the database once and remains connected until the application terminates. * Disconnected - A disconnected RowSet abject connects to the database, executes a query to retrieve the data from the database and then closes the connection. A program may change the data in a disconnected RowSet while it is disconnected. Modified data can be updated in the database after a disconnected RowSet reestablishes the connection with the database, ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwwfb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies JDBC By Mr. Nataraj — a What is the need of BatchUpdates? The BatchUpdates feature server in one single trip What is a DataSource? A DataSource object is the representation of a data source in the Java programming language. In basic terms, jovls us Lo 9fOUp SQL statements together and send to database * A DataSource is a facility for storing data. ‘+ DataSource can be referenced by JNDI. + Data Source may point to RDBMS, file System , any DBMS etc.. What are the advantages of DataSource? The few advantages of data source are : + An application does not need to hardcode driver information, as it * doeswiththeDriverManager, * The DataSource implementations can easily change the properties of data sources. For example: There is no need to modify the application cade when making changes to the database details. + The DataSource facility allows developers to implement a DataSource class to take advantage of featul like connection pooling and distributed transactions, What is connection pooling? what is the main advantage of using connection pooling? A connection pool is a mechanism to reuse connections created. Connection poling can increase performance dramatically by reusing connections rather than creating a new physical connection each time a connection is requested... ‘Naresh j Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/aareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr, Nataraj SERVLETS Earlier in client- server computing, each application had its own client program and it worked as a user interface and need to be installed on each user's personal computer. Most web applications use HTML/XHTML that are mostly supported by all the browsers and web pages are displayed to the client as static documents. A web page can merely displays static content and it also lets the user navigate through the content, but a web application provides a more interactive experience. Any computer running Servlets or JSP needs to have a container. A container Is nothing but a plece of software responsible for loading, executing and unloading the Servlets and JSP. While serviets-can’'be used-to extend the functionality of any Java- enabled server. They are'mostly used to extend web servers, and are efficient replacement for CGI scripts. CGI was one of the earliest and most prominent server side dynamic content solutions, so before going forward it is, very important to know the difference between CGI and the Serviets. Comman Gateway Interface (CGI) ‘The Common Gateway Interface, which Is normally referred as CGI, was one of the practical technique developed for creating dynamic content. By using the CGI, a web server passes requests to an external program and after executing the program the content is sent to the client as the output. In CGI when a server receives a request it creates a new process to run the CGI program, so creating a process for each request requires significant server resources and time, which limits the number of requests that can be processed concurrently. CGI applications are platform dependent. There is no doubt that CGI played a major role in the explosion of the Internet but its performance, scalability issues make it less than optimal solutions, Java Servlets Java Serviet is a generic server extension that means a java class can be loaded dynamically to expand the functionality of a server. Servlets are used with web servers and run inside a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on the server so these are safe and portable. Unlike applets they do not require support for java in the web browser. Unlike CGI, serviets don't use multiple processes to handle separate request. Servets can be handled by separate threads within the same process. Servlets are also portable and platform independent. Web Server Introduction ‘A web server is the combination of computer and the program installed on it. Web server interacts with the client through a web browser. It delivers the web pages to the client and to an application by using the web browser and he HTTP protocols respectively. We can also define the web server as the package of large number of programs installed on a computer connected to Internet or intranet for downloading the requested files using File Transfer. Protocol, serving e-mail and building and publishing web pages. A web server works ona dient ” server model. A computer connected to the Internet or intranet must have a server program. While talking about Java language then a web server is a server that is used to support the web component like the Serviet and JSP. Note that the web server does not support to EJB (business logic component) component. ‘A computer connected to the Internet for providing the services to a small company or a departmental store may contain the HTTP server (to access and store the web pages and files), SMTP server (to support mail services), FTP server ( for files downloading) and NNTP server (for newsgroup). The computer containing all the above servers is called the web server. Internet service providers and large companies may have ali the servers like HTTP server, SMTP server, Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Sotyom Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fo.com/nareshit <2Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj FTP server and many more on separate machines. In case of Java, a web server can be defined as the server that only supports to the web component like serviet and jsp. Notice that it does not support to the business component like EJB. Servlet Container Aserviet container is nothing but a compiled, executable program. The main function of the container is to load, initialize and execute servlets. The serviet container is the official Reference Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies. The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by Sun under the Java Community Process. A container handies large number of requests as it.can hold many active servlets, listeners etc. It is interesting te note here that the container and the objects in a container are multithreaded. So each object must be thread safe in a container as the multiple requests are being handled by the container due to the entrance of more than one thread to an object at a time. Note : A Servlet container may run stand alone i.e, without a web server or even on another host. We can categorize the servlet containers as: 1, A simple servlet container is not fully functional and therefore it can only run very simple servlets and does the following : + Wait for HTTP request. * Construct a ServietRequest object and a ServietResponse object. + If the request is for a static resource, inveke the process methad of the StaticResourceProcessor instance, passing the ServletRequest and ServletResponse objects. + If the request is for a servlet, load the servlet class and invoke its service method, passing the ServietRequest and ServietResponse objects. Note that in this servlet container, the servlet class is loaded every time the serviet is requested. Il. A fully functional serviet container additionally does the following for each HTTP request for a serviet: + When the servlet is called for the first time, load the servlet class and call its init method (once only). + For each request, construct an instance of javax.serviet.ServietRequest and an instance of javax.serviet.ServietResponse. + Invoke the serviet’s service method, passing the ServietRequest and ServletResponse objects. - + When the servlet class is shut down, call the serviet’s destroy method and unload the serviet class. Now lets see what a servlet container does for each HTTP request for a serviet, in general : + The serviet container loads the servlet class and calls the init method of the servlet as soon as the servlet is called for the first time. + Then this container makes an instance of javax.servlet.ServletRequest and javax.serviet.ServietResponse for each request. * Then it passes the ServietRequest and ServietResponse objects by invoking the serviet's service method. ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit =93::Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj «Finally, it calls the destroy method and unload the servlet class when the servlet class is to be shut down. Introduction to Server Side Program All of us (or most of us) Would have started programming in Java with the ever famous “Hello World!” program. If you can recollect, we saved this file with a java extension and later compiled the program using javac and then executed the class file with java. Apart from introducing you to the language basics, the point to be noted about this program is that ~ “It is a client side program”. This means that you write, compile and also execute the program on a client machine (e.g. Your PC). No doubt, this is the easiest and fastest way to write, compile and execute programs. But, it has.little practical significance when it comes to real world *-programming. 1. Why Server Side Programming? Though it is technically feasible to implement almost any business logic using dient side programs, logically or functionally it carries no ground when it comes to enterprise applications (e.g. banking, ait ticketing, e-shopping etc.). To further explain, going by the client side programming logic; a bank having 10,000 customers would mean that each customer should have a copy of the program(s) in his or her PC which translates to 10,000 programs! In addition, there are issues like security, resource pooling, concurrent access and manipulations to the database which simply cannot be handled by client side programs. The answer to most of the issues cited above is - “Server Side Programming”. Figure-1 illustrates Server side architecture in the simplest terms. - Java Service's! EE Java Server Pages! Web Server / XML files Application Server Databases / Web Services Fieure ~ Server Side Proerammine farchitecture) 2. Advantages of Server Side Programs The list below highlights some of the important advantages of Server Side programs i. All pragrams reside in one machine called the Server. Any number of remote machines (called clients) can access the server programs. ll, New functionalities to existing programs can be added at the server side which the clients’ can advantage without having to change anything from their side. iii, Migrating to newer versions, architectures, design patterns, adding patches, switching to new databases can be done at the server side without having to bother about clients’ hardware or software capabilities. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Sotyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www/fo.cam/nareshit 4Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj ——— ————————————————————— iv, Issues relating to enterprise applications like resource management, concurrency, session management, security and performance are managed by service side applications. v. They are portable and possess the capability to generate dynamic and user-based content (e.g. displaying transaction information of credit card or debit card depending on user's choice). of Server Side Programs Active Server Pages (ASP) Java Servlets Java Server Pages (JSPs) iv. _ Enterprise Java Beans (EBs) v. PHP To summarize, the objective of server side programs is to centrally manage alt programs relating to a particular application (e.g. Banking, Insurance, e-shopping, etc). Clients with bare minimum requirement (e.g. Pentium II, Windows XP Professional, MS Internet Explorer and an internet connection) can experience the power and performance of a Server (e.g. IBM Mainframe, Unix Server, etc) from a remote location without having to compromise on security or speed. More importantly, server programs are not only portable but aiso possess the capability to generate dynamic responses based on user's request. What is Java Serviets? Servlets are server side components that provide a powerful mechanism for developing server side programs. Servlets provide component-based, platform-independent methods for building Web-based applications, without the performance limitations of CGI. programs. Unlike proprietary server extension mechanisms (such as the Netscape Server API or Apache modules), serviets are server as well as platform-independent. This leaves you free to select 2 "best of breed" strategy for your servers, platforms, and tools. Using servlets web developers can create fast and efficient server side application which can run on any servlet enabled web server. Servlets run entirely inside the Java Virtual Machine. Since the Servlet runs at server side so it does not checks the browser for compatibility. Serviets can access the entire family of Java APIs, including the JDBC API to access enterprise databases. Servlets can also access a library of HTTP-specific calls, receive all the benefits of the mature java language including portability, performance, reusability, and crash protection. Today servlets are the popular choice for building interactive web applications. Third-party servlet containers are available for ‘Apache Web Server, Microsoft IIS, and others. Servlet containers are usually the components of web and application servers, such as BEA WebLogic Application Server, IBM WebSphere, Sun Java System Web Server, Sun Java System Application Server and others. Servlets are not designed for a specific protocols. It is different thing that they are most commonly used with the HTTP protocols Servlets uses the classes in the java packages Javax.servlet and javax.serviet.http. Servlets provides a way of creating the sophisticated server side extensions in a server as they follow the standard framework and use the highly portable java language. HTTP Servlet typically used to: + Priovide dynamic content like getting the results of a database query and returrting to the client. + Process and/or store the data submitted by the HTML. ; * Manage information about the state of a stateless HTTP. e.g. an online shopping car manages request for multiple concurrent customers. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www-f.com/nareshit | |Naresh / Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj Features of Serviets 2.4 In this tutorial you will learn the new features added in Servlet 2.4. 1. Upgraded supports for Http, J2SE, and J2EE: Serviet 2.4 depends on Http1.1 and J2SE 1.3. 2. Additional ServietRequest methods : In Servlet 2.4 four new methods are added in the ServietRequest © getRemotePort(): It returns the IP source port of the client. © getLocalName(): It returns the host name on which the request was recieved. © getLocalAddr(): It returns the IP address on which the request was recieved. © _getLocalPort(): It returns the IP port number. 3, -New.Support for Internationalization.and.charset-choice: To provide support of internationization, Servlet 2.4 has added two new methods in the ServletResponse interface. © setCharacterEncoding(String encoding): The purpose of this method is to set the response's character encoding. This method helps us to pass a charset parameter to setContentType(String) or passing a Locale to setLocale(Locale). We can now avoid setting the charset in the setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8") as setCharacterEncoding() method pairs with the pre-existing getCharacterEncoding() method to manipulate and view the response's character encoding. © getContentType(): It is responsible for returning the response's content type. The content type can be dynamically set with a combination of setContentType(), setLocale(), and setCharacterEncoding() calls, and the method getContentType() provides a way to view the generated type string. 4. New features has been added in RequestDispatcher: In Serviet 2.4 five new request attributes has been added for providing extra information during a RequestDispatcher forward() call. This features has been added Is Servlet 2.4 to know the true original request URI. The following request attributes are: © javax.serviet.forward.request_uri o javax.serviet.forward.context_path © javax.serviet.forward.serviet_path © Javax.serviet.forward.path_info o javax.serviet.forward.query_string 5. SingleThreadModel interface has been deprecated: In Servlet 2.4 the SingleThreadModel interface has been deprecated. 6. HttpSession details and interaction with logins has been clarified: The new method HttpSession.logout() has been added in Servlet 2.4. Now session allows zero or negative values in the element to Indicate sessions should never time out. If the object in the session can't be serialize in a distributed environment then it must throw an IllegalArgument€xception. 7. Welcome file behavior and Classloading has been clarified: In servlet 2.4 welcome file can be a serviet. 8. The web.xml file now uses XML Schema: Version 2.4 servers must still accept the 2.2 and 2.3 deployment descriptor formats, but all new elements are solely specified in ‘Schema. Features of Serviet 2.5 This versioh has been released on September 26, 2005 by the Sun MicroSystems. It is not necessary that all web servers and application servers support the features of Servlet 2.5. Still most of the popular containers like Tomeat 5.5 and JBoss 4,0 support Servlet 2.4. The list of the added features is given below: ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 96:Previously in 6r , but now we can have myltiple , like ‘Naresh I Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 97: Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By ge" sy Mr. Nataraj ee Dependency on J2SE 5.0: The minimum platform requirement for Servlet 2.5 is JDK 1.5. Servet 2.5 can't be used in versions below than JDK1.5. Alll the available features of JDK1.5 like generics, autoboxing, an improved for loop etc are guaranteed available to Servlet 2.5 programmers. Support For annotations: Annotations provide a mechanism for decorating java code constructs (classes, methods, fields, etc.) with metadata information. Annotations are mark code in such a way that code processors may alter their behavior based on the metadata information. Several web.xml convenience: Servlet 2.5 introduces several small changes to the web.xml file to make it more convenient to use. For example while writing a , we can now use an asterisk in a which will represent all servlets as well as ASP. Previously we used to do FilterName FilterName Now, FilterName * 1g> there used to be only one abc /abc/* /abc/* Apart from these changes, many more facilities added in web.xml. 4. A Handful of removed restrictions: Serviet 2.5 removed a few restrictions around error handling and session tracking. Now it has removed the restriction that the could not call the setStatus() method to alter the error code that triggered them. In session tracking, Serviet 2.5 eased a rule that a servlet called by RequestDispatcher include() couldn't set response headers. 5, Some edge case clarifications: The servlet 2.4 specification says that before calling request.getReader() we must call request.setCharacterEncoding(). However there is no such clarification given why it is so. = Advantages of Java Servlets 1. Portability 2. Powerful 3. Efficiency 4, Safety 5. Integration 6. Extensibilty 7. Inexpensive Each of the points are defined below: s i |Naresh / Technologies SERVEETS By Mr. Nataraj SS —————— Portal ty ‘As we know that the servlets are written in java and follow well known standardized APIs so they are highly portable across operating systems and server implementations. We can develop a servlet on Windows machine running the tomcat server or any other server and later we can deploy that Servlet effortlessly on any other operating system like Unix server running on the iPlanet/Netscape Application server. So serviets are write once, run anywhere (WoRA) program: Powerful We can do several things with the serviets which were difficult or even impossible to do with CGI, for example the servlets can talk directly to the web server while the CGI programs can't do. Serviets can share data among each other, they even make the database connection pools easy to implement. They..can maintain the session. by-using the session tracking mechanism which helps them to maintain information from request to request. It can do many other things which are difficult to implement in the CGI programs. Efficiency : ‘As compared to CGI the servlets invocation is highly efficient. When the servlet get loaded the server, it remains in the server's memory as a single dbject instance. However with servlets there are N threads but only a single copy of the servlet class. Multiple concurrent requests are handled by separate threads so we can say that the serviets are highly scalable. Safety As servlets are written in java, servlets inherit the strong type safety of java language. Java's automatic garbage collection and a lack of pointers means that servlets are generally safe from memory management problems..In servlets we can easily handle the errors due to Java's exception handling mechanism. If any exception occurs then it.will throw an exception, Integration . Servlets are tightly integrated with the server. ‘Servlet can use the server to translate the file paths, perform logging, check authorization, and MIME type mapping etc. Extensibility The serviet API is designed in such a way that it’can be easily extensible. As it stands today, the servlet API support Http Serviets, but in later date it can be extended for another type of servlets. Inexpensive There are number of free web servers available for personal use or for commercial purpose. Web servers are relatively expensive. So by using the free available web servers you can add servlet support to it. What is Serviet? - Java™ objects which are based on servlet framework and APIs and extend the functionality of a HTTPServer. ~ Mapped to URLs and managed by container with a simple architecture ~ Available and running on all major web servers and app servers = Platform and server independent cGt - Written in C, C++,Visual Basic and Perl » Difficult to maintain, non-scalable, nonmanageable - Prone to security problems of programming language ~ Resource intensive and inefficient - Platform and application-specific ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23740666, wwwfo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS. By Mr. Nataraj OO —— eS Serviet - Written in Java - Powerful, reliable and efficient - Improves scalability, reusability (component based) - Leverages built-in security of Java programming language - Platform independent and portable Advantages of Servlet - No CGI limitations - Abundant third-party tools and Web servers supporting Servlet - Access to entire family of Java APIs - Reliable, better performance and scalability - Platform and server independent - Secure ‘ - Most servers allow automatic reloading Serviet’s by administrative action. What is ISP Technology? - Enables separation of business logic from presentation - Presentation is in the form of HTML or XML/XSLT ~ Business logic is implemented as JavaBeans or custom tags - Better maintainability, reusability - Extensible via custom tags - Builds on Servlet technology What is ISP page? ~ A text-based document capable of returning dynamic content to a client browser - Contains both static and dynamic content ~ Static content: HTML, XML ~ Dynamic content: programming code, and JavaBeans, custom tags = Servlets and JSP - Comparison Serviets __ISP ~~ HTML code in java Javarlike code in HTML - Any form of Data - Structured Text - Not easy to author a web page | - Very easy to author a web : ‘ page _ - Code is compiled into a servlet ISP Benefits > Content and display logic are separated - Simplify development with JSP, JavaBeans and custom tags - Supports software reuse through the use of components - Recompile automatically when changes are made to the source file a ~ Easier to author web pages - Platform-independent When to use Servlet over JSP - Extend the functionality of a Web server such as supporting a new file format - Generate objects that do not contain HTML such as graphs or pie charts ~ Avoid returning HTML directly from your servlets whenever possible Should I Use Servlet or JSP? > In practice, serviet and JSP are used together ~via MVC (Model, View, Controller) architecture ~ Serviet handles Controtler - ISP handles View ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/aareshit,Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj What does Servlet Do? - Receives client request (mostly in the form of HTTP request) - Extract some information from the request - Do content generation or business lagic process (possibly by accessing database, invoking EJBs, etc) - Create and send response to client (mostly in the form of HTTP response) or forward the request to another serviet or JSP page Requests and Responses - What is a request? . Information that is sent from client to a server - Who made the request - What user-entered data is sent - Which HTTP headers are sent - What is a response? . Information that is sent to client from a server ~ Text(html, plain) or binary(image) data - HTTP headers, cookies, etc HTTP - HTTP request contains . header . a method ~ Get: Input form data is passed as part of URL ~ Post: Input form data is passed within message body = Put - Header . request data HTTP GET and POST - The most common client requests « HTTP GET & HTTP POST - GET requests: . User entered information is appended to the URL in a query string + Can only send limited amount of data /serviet/ViewCourse?FirstName=Sang&LastName=Shin - POST requests: - User entered information is sent as data (not appended to URL) . Can send any amount of data Servlet Life Cycle Methods Invoked by container ~ Container controls life cycle of a servlet - Defined in ~ Javax.serviet.GenericServlet class or - init() « destroy() - Service() - this is an abstract method ~ javax.serviet.http.HttpServiet class = doGet(), doPost(), doXxx() - service() - implementation 4, initQ) ~ Invoked once when the serviet is first instantiated ~ Perform any set-up in this method . Setting up a database connection 2. destroy() ~ Invoked before servlet instance is removed = Perform any clean-up Closing a previously created database connection 3. service() & doGet()/doPost() ‘Naresh fechnologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, wwwfo.com/nareshit,Naresh / Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj . service() methods take generic requests and responses: ~ Service(ServletRequest request, ServietResponse response) . doGet() or doPost() take HTTPrequests and responses: ~ doGet(HttpServietRequest request, HttpServietResponse response) ~ doPost(HttpServietRequest request, HttpServietResponse response) - Things You Do in doGet() & doPost() ~ Extract client-sent information (HTTP parameter) from HTTP request - Set (Save) and get (read) attributes to/from Scope objects - Perfarm some business logic or access database ~ Optionally forward the request to other Web components (Serviet/JSP) - Populate HTTP response message and send it to client ‘Scope Objects ~ Enables sharing information ameng collaborating web components via attributes maintained in Scope objects - Attributes maintained in the Scope objects are accessed with . getAttribute() . setAttribute() ~ Four Scope objects are defined — Web context, session, request, page Four Scope Objects: Accessibility . Web context (ServietConext) = Accessible from Web components within a Web context . Session ~ Accessible from Web components handling a request that belongs to the session - Request ~ Accessible from Web components handling the request . Page — Accessible from JSP page that creates the object Four Scope Objects: Class » Web context ~ javax.serviet.ServietContext Session ~ javax.serviet.http.HttpSession . Request ~ subtype of javax.serviet.ServietRequest: Javax.servlet.http.HttpServietRequest «Page ~ javax.serviet.jsp.PageContext What is ServietContext For? - Used by servets to ~ Set and get context-wide (application-wide) object-valued attributes — Get request dispatcher . To forward to or include web component — Access Web context-wde initialization parameters set in the webaxmt file — Access Web resources associated with the Web context - Log — Access other misc, information Scope of ServietContext « Context-wide scope © Shared by all servlets and JSP pages within a "web application” --Why it is called “web application scope” ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 10%:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj © A"web application” is a collection of servlets and content installed under a specific subset of the server's URL namespace and possibly installed via a * war file 1. All serviets in BookStore web application share same ServietContext object © There is one ServletContext object per "web application” per Java Virtual Machine How to Access ServietContext Object? o Within your servlet code, call getServietContext() © Within your servlet filter code, call getServletContext() © The ServietContext is contained in ServletConfig object, which the Web server provides to.a.serviet when. the.serviet is.initialized ~ init (ServietConfig servietConfig) in Servlet interface Why HttpSession?: 0 Need a mechanism to maintain client state across a series of requests from a same user (or originating from thei same browser) over some period of time = Example: Online shopping cart o Yet, HTTP is stateless o HttpSession maintains client state --Used by Servlets to set and get the values of session scope attributes How to Get HttpSession? © via getSession() method of a Request object (HttpServietRequest) What is Serviet Request? © Contains data passed from client to servlet © All servlet requests implement ServietRequest interface which defines methods for accessini ~ Client sent parameters - Object-valued attributes ~ Locales Client and server — Input stream = Protocol information — Content type — If request is made over secure channel (HTTPS) Request attributes can be set in two ways = Serviet container itself might set attributes to make available custom information about a request o Example: javax.serviet.request.x509Certificate attribute for HTTPS - Servlet set application-specific attribute © void setAttribute(java.lang.String name, java.lang.Object 0) © Embedded into a request before a RequestDispatcher call Getting Client Information ~ String request.getRemoteAddr(). ~ String request.getRemoteHost(...... Get client's IP address Get client's host name Getting Server Information * String request.getServerName()... .g. "www.sun.com” * int request.getServerPort(). . e.g. Port number "8080" Getting Misc. Information Input stream ~ ServletinputStream getInputStream() ~ java.io.BufferedReader getReader() ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit::102:Naresh Technologies SERVLETS By Me. Nataraj . Protocal ~ java.lang.String getProtocol() «Content type ~ java.lang.String getContentType() Is secure or not (if it is HTTPS or not) = boolean isSecure() What is HTTP Serviet Request? * Contains data passed from HTTP client to HTTP serviet + Created by servlet container and passed to servlet as a parameter of doGet() or doPost() methods : + HttpServietRequest is an extension of ServietRequest and provides additional methods for accessing ~ HTTP request URL . Context, servlet, path, query information — Misc, HTTP Request header information ~ Authentication type & User security information - Cookies ~ Session HTTP Request URL . Contains the following parts ~ http://[host]:(port]/[request path]?[query string] HTTP Request URL: [request path] . http://Thost]:[port]/[request path]?[query string] . [request path] is made of ~ Context: / ~ Servlet name: / ~ Path information: the rest of it . Examples ~ http://localhost:8080/hello1/greeting }080/hello1/greeting.jsp /daydreamer/catalog/lawn/index.html HTTP Request URL: [query string] « http://[host]:(port]/[request path]?[query string] + [query string] are composed of a set of parameters and values that are user entered + Two ways query strings are generated = A query string can explicitly appear in a web page + Add To Cart String bookld = request.getParameter("Add"); - Aquery string is appended to a URL when a form with a GET HTTP method is submitted S http://localhost/hellot/greeting?username=Monica+Clinton : String userName=request.getParameter(*username”) Context, Path, Query, Parameter Methods =. String getContextPath() — . String getQueryString() — . String getPathinfo() - _, String getPathTransiated() HTTP Request Headers HTTP requests include headers which provide extra information about the request Example of HTTP 1.1 Request:GET /search? keywords= servlets+ jsp HTTP/ 1.1 o Accept: image/gif, image/ jpg, */* pp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 103: ‘Naresh i TechnoloNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj Accept-Encoding: gzip A Connection: Keep- Alive - Cookie: userID= id456578 Host: www.sun.com Referer: http:/www.sun.com/codecamp.html © User-Agent: Mozilla/ 4.7 [en] (Win98; U) i == Accept © Indicates MIME types browser can handle. ~- Accept-Encoding © Indicates encoding (e. g., gzip or compress) browser can handle *- Authorization © User identification for password- protected pages © Instead of HTTP authorization, use HTML forms to send username/password and store info in session object | => Connection i ‘© InHTTP 1.1, persistent connection is default © Serviets should set Content-Length with setContentLength (use _— ByteArrayOutputStream to determine length of output) to support persistent connections. -- Cookie © Gives cookies sent to client by server sometime earlier. Use getCookies, not getHeader -- Host © Indicates host given in original URL. © This is required in HTTP 1.1 -- If-Modified-Since © Indicates client wants page only if it has been changed after specified date. © Don’t handle this situation directly; implement getLastModified instead. -- Referer © URL of referring Web page. © | Useful for tracking traffic; logged by many servers. ~- User-Agent © String identifying the browser making the request. © Use with extreme caution! ooo00 HTTP Header Methods o String getHeader(java.lang.String name) ~ value of the specified request header as String © java.util.Enumeration getHeaders(java.lang.String name) ~ values of the specified request header © java.util.Enumeration getHeaderNames() ~ names of request headers © int getintHeader(java.lang.String name) ~ value of the specified request header as an int Authentication & User Security Information Methods © String getRemoteUser() = _name for the client user if the servlet has been password protected, null otherwise o° String getAuthType() = _name of the authentication scheme used to protect the servlet © boolean isUserinRole(java.lang.String role) = Is user is included in the specified logical "role"? © String getRemoteUser() — login of the user making this request, if the user has been authenticated, null otherwise Cookie Method (in HTTPServietRequest) ~ Cookie[] getCookies() 0 _an array containing all of the Cookie objects the client sent with this request ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-2374§666, www.fb.com/nareshit 104, Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj * What is Servlet Response? = Contains data passed from servlet to client All serv ses implement ServietResponse inter’ trieve an output stream = Indicate content type : = Indicate whether tc buffer output = Set localization information . HttpServietResponse extends ServietResponse - HTTP response status code ~ Cookies HTTP Response Status Codes Why do we need HTTP response status code? ~ Forward client to another page ~ Indicates resource is missing ~ Instruct browser to use cached copy Methods for Setting HTTPResponse Status Codes - public void setStatus(int stetusCode) ~ Status codes are defined in HttpServletResponse ~ Status codes are numeric fall into five general categories: . 100-199 Informational 200-299 Successful 300-399 Redirection = 400-499 Incomplete + 500-599 Server Error = Default status code is 200 (OK) Common Status Codes = 290 (SC_OK) = Success and document follows ~ Default fot serviets 204 (SC_No_CONTENT) = Success but no response body = Browser should keep displaying previous document 301 (SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) = The document moved permanently (indicated in Location header) ~ Browsers go to new location automatically ‘Common Status Codes 302 (SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) © Note the message is "Found" o Requested document temporarily moved elsewhere (indicated in Location header) © Browsers go to new location automatically © Servlets should use sendRedirect, not setStatus, when setting this header 401 (SC_UNAUTHORIZED) © Browser tried to access password- protected page without proper Authorization header 404 (SC_NOT_FOUND) = No such page Methods for Sending Error . Error status codes (400-599) can be used in sendError methods. + public void sendError(int sc) - The server may give the error special treatment - public void sendérror(int code, String message) ~ Wraps message inside small HTML document Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph; 040-23746666, vavw.fe.com/nareshit 105%:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj ——————————————————— Header in Http Response Why HTTP Response Headers? ©. Give forwarding location ©. Specify cookies >. Supply the page modification date ©. Instruct the browser to reload the page after a designated interval ©. Give the file size so that persistent HTTP connections can be used ©. Designate the type of document being generated Methods for Setting ArbitraryResponse Headers © Public void setHeader( String headerName, String headerValue) - Sets an arbitrary header. 0 public void setDateHeader( String-name, long millisecs) = Converts milliseconds since 1970 to a date string in GMT format © public void setintHeader( String name, int headerValue) - Prevents need to convert int to String before calling setHeader o addHeader, addDateHeader, addintHeader — Adds new occurrence of header instead of replacing. Methods for setting Common Response Headers setContentType - Sets the Content- Type header. Servlets almost always use this. = setContentLength . ~ Sets the Content- Length header. Used for persistent HTTP connections. — addCookie ~ Adds a value to the Set- Cookie header. = sendRedirect = Sets the Location header and changes status code. Common HTTP 1.1 Response Headers Location © Specifies a document's new location. © Use sendRedirect instead of setting this directly. . Refresh © Specifies a delay before the browser automatically reloads a page. Set-Cookie o The cookies that browser should remember. Don't set this header directly. © use addCookie instead, « Cache-Control (1.1) and Pragma (1.0) = Ano-cache value prevents browsers from caching page. Serid both headers or check HTTP version. « Content- Encoding — The way document is encoded. Browser reverses this encoding before handling document, « Content- Length — The number of bytes in the response. Used for persistent HTTP connections. « Content- Type ~ The MIME type of the document being returned. ~ Use setContentType to set this header. . Last Modified ~ The time document was last changed = Don't set this header explicitly. ~ provide a getLastModified method instead. Body in Http Response Writing a Response Body ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj A sarvlet almost always returns a response body - Response body could either be a PrintWriter or a ServletOutputStream “Writer ~ Using response.getWriter() For character-based output . ServletOutputStream ~ Using response.getOutputStream() ~ For binary (image) data Handling Errors » Web container generates default error page - You can specify custom default page to be displayed instead « Steps to handle errors ~ Create appropriate error html pages for:error conditions - Modify the web.xml accordingly g Error Pages in web.xml exception.BookNotFoundException /errorpagei.html ‘exception.BooksNotFoundException F /etrorpage2.html< /location> exception.OrderException /errorpage3.htm| cae CI ESE] sses and Interfaces of the § TE] esa, | «Naresh! Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS The javax.serviet Package By Mr. Nataraj ClassTutertace ‘arerface Servlet This abstract class canbe wed asthe stating pot for ‘nuplerasnting grclstg. Inpauticula, it implements all the elcgcethe Gar eapmesuceexeeptte se) vice) apethod. This abstract class also implements the Sersertoafta interface hich allows the saudet containerte assinformation tothe sere, This interface provides the methodsto extractinfermation ipma client request This interface provides the methodsto create and send an anusorvatgresponseto a cian request absuract, lass GengricServler jnterface ServlexConfiig This interface-shich allows the serletcontainertopass ‘tnformationtoa ssn interface & This interface allows the servlet to communicate with ts container class ‘A.ganzzal exception class o sional serlet runtime anrors, The ‘ava servlet http Package absELact,..class ‘hs sbvae dassesendthe Cenericserviet cas used forimplementing HTTP serlets, ie. serdsts Which use HIDE Souzauests.andsespenses, lnpaticla it provides stubs forthe ‘slid ama() methods which comespondto peliPmetoduein the request (GET, POST, HEAD. 2G) A concrete genet can ovemtide the appropriatemethods tghandle the different HTTP request methods. This interface extendsthe SeryletRequest interfaceto handle HOUTPazauess, This interface extendsthe. ServletResponse interfaceto ‘gigaig and send an appropriate HT IPresponse to an HTTP TEAM, lass Hosen yet interface BttpSeryletRequest interface WtteSeryletResponse interface UttpSession ‘This interface provides a way to identify a user across more than one page request or vist to a Web site andto store infonmation about that user. glass Cookie s provides support for cockies to be usedin requests responses. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theotre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 108:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS Cone TP n axed interact is essential to developing ard Methods used in servlet A Generic servlet contains the following five methods: <0) public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException The init() method is called only once by the servlet container throughout the life of a servlet. By this init() method the servlet gets to know that it has been placed into service. Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: O40-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 109:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr, Nataraj The servlet cannot be put into the service if: ‘+ The init() method does not return within a fixed time set by the web server. + It throws a ServletException Parameters - The init() method takes a ServietConfig object that contains the initialization parameters and serviet's configuration and throws a ServletException if an exception has occurred. service() public void service(ServietRequest req, ServietResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException ‘Once the servlet starts.getting. the requests, the service() method is.called.by the servlet container to respond. The servlet services the client's request with the help of two objects. These two objects javax.serviet.ServietRequest and javax.serviet.ServietResponse are passed by the servlet container. The status code of the response always should be set for a servlet that throws or sends an error. Parameters - The service() method takes the ServietRequest object that contains the client's request and the object ServletResponse contains the servlet's response. The service() method throws ServletException and IOExceptions exception. getServietConfig() public ServletConfig gétServietConfig() This method contains parameters for in ation and startup of the servlet and returns a -----~ ServletConfig object. This object is then passed to the init method. When this interface is implemented then it stores the ServietConfig object in order to return it. It is done by the generic class which implements this inetrface. Returns - the ServletConfig object getServletinfo() public String getServietInfo() The information about the servlet is returned by this method like version, author etc. This method returns a string which should be in the form of plain text and not any kind of markup. Returns ~ a string that contains the information about the servlet destroy() public void destroy() This method is called when we need to close the servlet. That is before removing a servlet instance from service, the servlet container calls the destroy() method, Once the servlet container calls the destroy() method, no service methods will then be called . That is after the exit of all the threads running in the serviet, the destroy() method is called. Hence, the servlet gets a chance to clean up all the resources like memory, threads etc which are being held. Life cycle of a Servlet The life cycle of a servlet can be categorized into faur parts: 1. Loading and Insatantiation: The serviet container loads the servlet during startup or when the first request is made, The loading of the serviet depends on the attribute of web.xml file. If the attribute has a positive value then the serviet is loaded with loading of the container otherwise it loads when the first request comes for service. After loading of the servlet, the container creates the instances of the servlet. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit =110::Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj . Initialization: After creating the instances, the servlet container calls the init() method and passes the serviet initialization parameters to the init() method. The init() must be called by the Servlet container before the servlet can service any request. The initialization parameters persist untill the serviet is destroyed. The init() method is called only once throughout the life cycle of the servlet. The serviet will be available for service if it is loaded successfully otherwise the serviet container unloads the serviet. 3. Servicing the Request: After successfully completing the initialization process, the serviet will be available for service. Serviet creates seperate threads for each request. ‘The sevlet container calls the service() method for servicing any request. The service() method determines the kind of request and calls the appropriate method (doGet() or doPost()) for handling the request and sends response to the client using the methods of the response object. 4, Destroying the Servlet: if the serviet is no longer needed for servicing any request, the servlet container calls the destroy() method . Like the init() method this method is alo called only once throughout the life cycle of the serviet. Calling the destroy(), method indicates to the servlet container not to sent the any request for service and the servlet releases all the resources associated with it. Java Virtual Machine claims for the memory associated with the resources for garbage collection. Jereate \-y Initialize Wy Avzilable for H Unayatable for, “Heown) Ciitaicg ton | ‘Destroy | ae } Unload Serene? FiguresLife Cycle of a Servlet Lifecycle:- The procedure followed by the technology to execute an application. The various stages that arise at the runtime when the application is under execution can be called as life cycle. . Note: Servlets has three lifecycle methods and they are defined in Servlet Interface. The three lifecycle methods of servlet are:~ Li 2service( ) 3.destroy( ) 1, init():- init() method would be executed by the container automatically as soon as an object of the servlet is created. object of the serviet would be created only once. Thus init() method would be executed only once i.e when the object of the servlet is created for the first time. 2.service():- service() method would be executed by the container automatically as and when the request is coming to a servlet. container always calis service() method by passing the data ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj (i.e coming from the client) in the form of ServietRequest object and address of the client (from where the request is receive) in the form of ServletResponse object as arguments. 3.destroy():- destroy() method would be executed before object of the Servlet is deleted. container maintains every servlet object for a certain period of time even if no request is coming to that servlet. After certain period of time container deletes object of the servlet before deleting or destroying the servlet object.container automatically calls destroy() method and executes destroy() method completely and after the execution of the destroy() method, the servlet object would be completely deleted. since init(),service() and destroy() methods are automatically executed by the container based ‘on certain conditions representing different stages of a web application or servlet application we call them s LifeCycle methods of a servlet. The javax.serviet package : iT “Javax.servier.http HIT SesstontindiegEvent i i ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www/fo.com/nareshit =112::Cee el Naresh / Technologies SERVLETS By Mr, Nataraj ———_———— void init(ServletConti javaxservietSewiet | | GateteyQ void service(ServletRequest Servletitesponse) ServletConfig getServletConfig() String getServletinfo() implements javax.servlet.GenericServl snit(ServletConfi ee ( ig) init() extends Dons not imnloment service method javax.servlet.http.HttpSer doXxx(HttpServietRequest HitpServletRespons viet } protected service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) public service(ServletRequest,ServletResponse) Understanding two methods of Servlet AP! 1) public void init(servietConfig cg) throws ServletException Life cycle method 2)public void init() throws ServletException Not a life cycle method. It is convience method given to programmers. The javax,servlet.GenericServiet class of servlet API contains both init(ServietConfig cg) method & init() method. In javax.serviet.http.HttpServlet class there are no init() method definitions. When instantiation event is raised the servlet container calls init(ServietConfig) method as life cycle method, but it does not call init() method as life cycle method. Understanding flow of execution related to both init method: Scenario 1: LUGenerieServiet.iava (pre-defined class) public abstract class GenericServiet implements Serviet{ ServletConfig config; public void init(ServietConfig cg) throws ServletException (5) 9; //initialization logic of servlet config object : public void init() throws ServletExcetption { /{null body method + public servietConfig getServietCorifig() { return config; . //other methods of GenericServiet class class ‘TestSrv.java (Qur Servlet class) ‘Naresh I Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 04023746666, www fo.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj (4) (2) (3) (4) public class TestSrv extends GenericServlet/HttpServlet { public void init() «(6) «(four servlet program related initialization logic “Viinit() a) With respect to above scenario1: 1) End user gives first request to our servlet program (TestSrv) (et us assume no is enabled on this servlet program). 2) Serviet container creates our servlet class‘object using O-param constructor. 3) Servlet container creates ServietConfig object as right hand: object to our serviet class object and also raises instantiation event. 4) To process instantiation event serviet container calls init(-) life cycle method on our servlet class object having ServietConfig object as argument value. Since that method is not available in our serviet class the super class init(-) method(GenericServlet) will be executed. roy 5) This super class init(-) method contai calls init() method at the end . 6) init() method of our serviet class(TestSrv) executes and this completes the initialization process of our servlet program 7) Servlet container creates ServietRequest,ServietResponse objs for current request raises. request arrival event and it calls public service(-,-) method on our servlet class object. This method execution will process the request’ and sends the response to browser window. oe 's logic to initialize the ServletConfig obj and also In scenariol our serviet program can get access to ServietConfig object by calling getServietConfig() method of predefined GenericServiet class in the life cycle methods or other methods of our servlet program. ServietConfig cg= getServietConfigk); Inherited method of GenericServiet class Note: public methods of super class can be called in sub class methods without objects. Scenario ner let.java (pre-defined class! Public abstract class GenericServiet implements servlet { Servletconfig config; : public void init(ServletConfig cg) { config=cg; init(); } public void init() { //oull body method Public ServletConfig getServietConfig() { return config; + ‘Naresh I Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www fo.com/nareshitSERVLETS. = muffother methods of GenericServiet class }iclass TestSry.java(Our servlet (4) (2) (3) (4) public class Testsrv extends Gen icServiet/HttpServiet ServletConfig cg; public void init(ServletConfig ca t this.cg = cg; //(5) explicit initialization logic of ServietConfig object -.- [Jour serviet program related initiliaztin logic ; public void service(ServietRequest req, ServietResponse res) throws Servietexception, IOException —{ use cg here (6) = In scenario 2 OurServiet program contains init(-) method directly so the controt will = not go to init(-) method of the GenericServiet class. So programmer must initialize ServietConfig object in its init(-) methad of servlet program to make it visible to other methods of these servlet program that means in scenario 2 programmer must not forget the explicit initialization of ServletConfig object in the init(-) method of his servlet pra E £. Scenario 3: GenericServiet.java (pre-defined class) public abstract class GenericServiet implements Servlet { ServletConfig config; public void init(ServletConfig cg) throws ServletException { (6) config= cg; //initiall: init(); ion logic of ServietConfig object Public void init() throws ServietException { (7) //null method } public ServletConfig getServietConfig() { return config; + //other methods of GenericServiet class jifelass TestSrv.java (Ourservlet class) qd) (2) (3) (4) public class TestSrv extends GenericServiet/HttpServiet { public void init(ServletConfig cq) { (s) super. it(eg); (8) ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 115%:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj /four serviet program realted ization logic public void service(ServietRequest, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { (9) ServietConfig cg=getServietConfig(); 3//method }/class In scenario 3 programmer can use getServietConfig()to get access to ServietConfig object to its servlet program. > In scenario 1 use getServletConfig() method to get access to ServletConfig object. > In scenario 2 initialize ServietConfig object explicitly in init(-) method to use that object. > In scenario 3 call super.init(-) method in our init(-) method and also call getServietConfig() method to get access to ServietConfig object. ‘Always give chance to init(-)method of javax.servlet.GenericServiet class to execute once during instantiation and initialization process of our servlet program because it initializes ServletConfig object and makes programmer free from that process. Due to this scenario 1 is most recommended approach to place init() methods in our servlet program. ; 7 If you place both init(),inti(-) methods in our servlet program which init | method willbe exceuted? 7 A i © since init(-) method is the life cycle method the Servlet container calls int(-) method | and init(). method will not be executed... nod is life cycle me is additional‘inethod? init() method is a convenience method provide in javax.serviet.GenericServlet dass. Generally, it is suggested that ini(javax.servlet.ServietConfig) method present in javax.servlet.GenericSevlet class should be given a change to get excecuted, during servlet’s initialization. This method, apart from performing initialization of ServietConfig obj, invokes ‘() method at the end. But if our servlet class contains init(javax.serviet.ServietConfig) method, then due to method over-riding, container invokes our version of the method. If our method calls the javax.serviet.GenericServiet's init(javax.serviet.ServletConfig) method, by using super keyword then no problem. But if the developer forgets this, then initialization is not complete, which may lead to problems. To solve the above problem, we place init() method in our servlet class so serviet container calls init(ServietConfig) method of GenericServlet class as life cycle method and this method internally calls init().Due to this our servlet class init() executes as shown in scenario1.so programmer need not to initialize ServletConfig object manually A good programmer never keeps init{-} method in his servlet program to place the Initialization llogic of servlet program like creating JDBC connection object. He always keeps this logic in init() Method even thoug it is not life cycle method. If init() method is not given in servlet API programmer should follow scenario 2 or scenario 3 to place init methods and he needs to do some explicit work to see the initialization ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit db:A patie Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr, Nataraj ERS> of ServletConfig abject. Ts overcome this problem servlet api aives init) method as convince method to the progiai aid programmer can use that method a" cin scenario 1, If we don't piace any iit() methods then super class(Generis Sei vies init(-) method will be executed which it interr 4150 calls init() method of same 4: inderstan: two service (-,-) methods and 7 doXxx(}) methods of pre-defined HttpServiet class: while we develop our servlet program by extending it from javax.servlet.http.HttpServiet class we can place request processing logic in our servlet program either by using one of the 2 service(-,-) methods or by using 7 doXxx(-,-) methods 1) public void service(ServietRequest req, ServletRespo ServietException, IOException public -) of service(-,-) method1 (Life cycle method) E 2) protected void service(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse res)throws t Servletéxception IOException protected service(-,-) or service(-,-) method2 (Not a Life cycle method) 3) public void doxxx(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse res) throws ServietException, IOException (Not Life cycle mehods) doXxx- total 7 number of doxxx(-,-) methods are available like doGet(-,- ),doPost(-,-),doDelete(-,-),doPut(-,-), doHead( ‘ace(-,-),doOption(-,-) Even though 7 doXxx(-,-) methods are there the regularly used doXxx(-,-) methods are doGet(-,-) & doPost(-,-). Only public service(-,-)/service(-,-) method! is the life cycle method Servlet container calls this public service(-,-) method as life cycie method when the request arrival event is raised. Scenario 1 to understand flow of execution related to service (-,-), doxxx(--) methods: //HttpServiet.java( pre-defined class) public abstract class HttpServiet extends GenericServiet_ implements Serializable t public void service(ServietRequest req, ServietResponse res) throws ServietException, IOException { (4) HttpServietRequest request= (HttpServletRequest)req HttpServietResponse response= (HttpServletResponse)res; service(request, response); ay protected void service(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws Servietexception, IOException { (8) String method=req.getMethod(); If(method.equals("GET”)) doGet(req,res); elseif(method.equals("POST")) doPost(req,res); elseif(method.equals("HEAD")) doHead(req,res); elseif(method.equals("DELETE”)) doDelete(req,res); elseif(method.equais("PUT")) doPuttreg,res); elseif{methed, (“OPTIONS”) doOption(req,res); hnologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Phi: 040-23745566, www.fo.com/narest sii:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj elseif(method.equals(‘TRACE”)) doTrace(req,res); else res.sendError(“Invalid request method"); + protected void doGet(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServietException, IOException //send 405 error response to browser window + S protected void doPost(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse resp) throws ServietException, IOException { J{send.405-ecror response to-browser-window } 7 protected void doXxx(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse resp) throws ServietException, IOException { //send 405 error response to browser window } : }iiclass Qur servlet program: L{TestStv.java 8 public class TestSrv extends HttpServiet t (1)(GET) (2) (3) public void doGet(HttpServietRequerst req, HttpServietResponse res)throws Servietéxception, IOException { “//some logic (6) B With respect to above scenario code (1) End user gives request to our servlet program having request method "GET" from client(browser window). (2) Serviet container creates or locates our servlet class object ,if created the servlet container completes the instantiation and initialization related life cycle operations. (3) Serviet container raises request arrival event and calls public service(-,-) method on our serviet class object as life cycle method having ServletRequest,ServietResponse objects as arguments. Since public service(-,-) method is not available in our servlet program, the super class (pre-defined HttpServiet class) public service(-,-) method executes. (4) Tthe public service(-,-) method of pre-defined HttpServiet class converts simple Serviet Request obj to HttpServietRequest obj,simple ServletResponse obj to HttpServietResponse obj & calls protected service(-,-) method having these two objects. Since protected service(-,-) method is not available in our servlet class the super class ( pre-defined HttpServiet class) protected service(-,-) method will be executed. (5) The protected service(-,-) method of pre-defined HttpServlet class reads request method of client generated request and calls an appropriate doXxx(-,-) method i.e., doGet (-,-)method. Since doGet (-,-) method is available in our servlet program that method will be executed. (6) The doGet(-,-) method of TestSrv program will process the request & sends generated response to browser windoa as web page. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit 118:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj Assume the client ma’ situations 1. 52 HTTP request based on GET method in the following ntains both doGet() and doPost() a ic service(-,-) of HttpServiet b. protected service(-,-) of HttpServet c. doGet(-,-) of our class 2. If our class contains only doPost() a. public service(-,-) of HttpServiet b. protected service(-,-) of HttpServiet c, protected doGet(-,-) of HttpServlet(as our class does not contain doGet(-,-)) d. 405 response back to client. 3. If our class overrides public service(-,-) method, and contains doGet(-,-), doPest(-,- ). a. public service(-,-) of our class[doGet(-,-) of our class will not get invoked, because the contro! did not pass on to protected.service(-,-) of HttpServiet]. 4. If our class overrides public service(-,-) method, and does not contain doGet(-,-) a. Public service() of our class No 405 response back to client. 5. If our class overrides public service(-,-) method and it makes a call to super.service(-,-) method, and contains doGet(-,-), doPost(-,-) a. public service(-,-) of our class b. public service(-,-) of HttpServiet(because of super.service(-,-)) c, protected service(-,-) of HttpServiet d. doGet(-,-) of our class 6. If our class overrides public service() method, and it makes a call to super.service(-,- ) method, and contains only doPost(-,-) a. public service(-,-) of our class b. public service(-,-) of HttpServiet(because of super.service(-,-)) ¢. protected service(-,-) of HttpServiet di protected doGet(-,-) of HttpServiet e, 405 response back to client In the execution of our serviet program don't let the control going to doXxx(-,-) methods of javax.serviet.http.HttpServiet class because they always generate 405 error response page indicating our servlet is totally incomplete to process the request. When all the methods of pre-defined tittpServiet class, are concrete methods why the class itself is given as an abstract class? note:In java abstract class can have only abstract methods or only concrete methods or mix of both Javax.servlet.http.HttpServiet class is abstract, even though none of the methods with in it are abstract it is because, it contains seven doXxx() methods, to match seven ways of making HTTP request(GET/POST/DELETE/OPTIONS/TRACE/PUT/HEAD). These methods are the request processing methods of a HttpServiet, just like service(-,-) methéd for a GenericServiet, ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fo.com/nareshit AIS:Naresh Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj — eee Since there Is only one request-processing method for GenericServiet, it is defined as abstract in javax.serviet.GenericServiet class, which makes the developer making his class to extend javax.serviet.GenericServiet class, to provide implementation only from one method. But in the case of javax.servlet.http.HttpServiet ciass, if all 9 request-processing methods are defined as abstract, then every developer who creates a child class for it, has to provide implementations for all the seven methods, which is quite an issue. So the specification has made javax.serviet.http.HttpServiet class to contain implementations for all the 9 methods, but they made the javax.serviet.http.HttpServiet class itself as abstract, which means no developer can create an instance of it directly. The seven http request_methods/methodologies The client can send request to web resource proram of.the web application in seven different ways by using seven different Http methods. To process these methods based request in our servlet program we can override and use 7 different doxxx(-,-) methods, GET (default) POST HEAD PUT DELETE TRACE OPTIONS vvvvvvv GET: Default request method designed to get data from server by generating request without data or with limited amount of data(max. of 256 kb). POST: Can send request with unlimited amount of data and gathers data from server as response. The response of GET based or POST based request contains everything induding istesponse body like response headers, miscellaneous nformationyetc, = Sion a HEAD: ‘Same as GET but theHEAD based request related response does not contain response body. 1. HEAD based requests are useful to test wether web resource program is present RR) gt not. £2. Even though there are 7 request methods the most regularly used request: teal world while developing jave PUT: This is capable of allowing client to place new file or web resource program in already deployed web application of web server. In real projects after placing websites in the web server of ISP(Internet Service Providers) machine we use FTP(File Transfer Protocol) application from our computers to maintain that website. This FTP application uses PUT method request to add new file or new web resource program in that ISP machine website. OELETE: Allows client to send a request having the capability to delete file or web resource program of web application in the server. FTP application uses this delete method to delete web Page or document or anything from the hosted web application of the ISP machine based web server. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theotre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: O40-23746566, www.fb.com/nareshit 720:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj ee ‘TRACE: This trace method request returns all thes debugging messages and flow of execution details regarding the request and response of certain web resource programs. OPTIONS: The options method based request given to web resource program determines using which Http request methods that this servlet can be request from client. For example: If our servlet program overrides doGet(-,-) method as shown below then the OPTIONS method based request given to the servlet program returns the following response Allow: HEAD, GET, OPTIONS, TRACE Eg: public class TestSrv extends HttpServiet/GenericServiet { public void doGet(HttpServietRequest, HttpServietResponse res)throws ServletException, IOException { > } Note: “POST","PUT” are non-idempotent. "GET","HEAD","OPTIONS","TRACE","DELETE” are idempotent. ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit =:12i.Naresh / Technologies SERVLETS. . By Mr. Natai Understanding Http javax.serviet.GenericServiet Signature: public abstract class GenericServiet extends java.lang.Object implements Serviet, ServietConfg, java.io Serializable GenericServiet defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet, Y GenericServiet gives a blueprint and makes writing servlet easier. ¥ GenericServlet provides simple versions of the lifecycle methods init and destroy and of the methods in the ServletConfig interface. ¥ GenericServiet implements the log method, declared in the ServietContext interface. v To write a generic servlet, it is sufficient to override the abstract service method javax:serviet:http.HttpServiet Signature: public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet implements java.io.Serializable ¥_ HttpServlet defines a HTTP protocol specific servlet. ¥_ HttpServlet gives a blueprint for Http servlet and makes writing them easier. HttpServiet extends the GenericServiet and hence inherits the properties GenericServiet Provides an abstract class to be subclassed to create an HTTP serviet suitable for a Web site. A subclass of HttpServiet must override at least one method, usually one of these: ¥ doGet, if the serviet supports HTTP GET requests doPost, for HTTP POST requests doPut, for HTTP PUT requests doDelete, for HTTP DELETE requests Init and destray, to manage resources that are held for the life of the servlet getServietinfo, which the serviet uses to provide information about itself RON 8 5 There's almost no reason to override the service method. service handles standard HTTP requests by dispatching them to the handler methods for each HTTP request type (the doxxx methods listed above). Likewise, there's almost no reason to override the doOptions and doTrace methods. Servlets typically run on multithreaded servers, so be aware that a serviet must handle concurrent requests and be careful to synchronize access to shared resources. Shared resources include in-memory data such as instance or class variables and external objects such as files, database connections, and network connections, Constructor: protected [doDelete(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) void | Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a serviet to handle a |DELETE request. i protected |doGet(HttpServietRequest req, HittpServietResponse resp) S| | void Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a serviet ta handle a GET request. protected |a idoHead(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse resp) void Receives an HTTP HEAD request from the protected service method and protected | doOptions(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) void} Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a ! BloRnTONS| NS request. protected |\doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) | Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a_| ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746566, www.fb.com/nareshit 122:Naresh i Technologies SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj ‘post “request. pull HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse resp) protected void Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servet to handle a Pur request. ‘protected doTrace(HttpServietRequest req, HttpServietResponse resp) void Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle aj TRACE request. | | protected getLastModified(HttpServietRequest req) 1 ong! Returns the time the HttpServietRequest object was last modified, in 1 | 4, 1970 j | protected | service( ‘HttpServietRequest req, HitoServietResponse resp) | void Receives standard HTTP requests from the public service method and | dispatches them to the doXXX methods defined in this class, void service(ServietRequest req, ServietResponse res) | Dispatches client requests to the protected service method. | eT Skeleton of a HTTP Seivlet Janets davex.servdet. onort Javaxsarvier hate." + Veeck java.io. gublic class Serviesskeleton extends Urrnservier { gublig void InixO throws Sanvlexfacserien { /* taptenentation */} // (1) eublis void doPost(tinrpsemclerResussk 68s HO HtinsatulerBesonse resp) ‘Theos SenvlerEsceorion, Ioexcention Ld twplesentation */ } vo. aubliis void docex(ixxpservissRewsst £0, : 4@ urpselvlenBesnonss Cap) ghepas Semilerescention, TAexcenzian {LP japlezentation */ 3 mublig void destroy { /* ieplesentation */ } 1 aublis String gerssruleningaQ) { /* isplezentation */ } Uy HTTP headers HTTP headers allow the client and the server to pass additional information with the request or the _ response. A request header consists of its case-insensitive name followed by a colon ‘:' then by its value (without CRLF in it). Leading white space before the value is ignored. Headers are grouped according the context in which they may appear: ‘These headers apply to both requests and responses but are unrelated to the data eventually transmitted in the body. They therefore apply only to the message being transmitted. There are only a few of them and new ones cannot be added without increasing the version number of the ‘Naresh Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshitNaresh i Technologies _SERVLETS By Mr. Nataraj Date:, HTTP protocol. The exhaustive list for MTTP/1.1 is Cache-Control:, Connectioi Pragma:, Trailer:, Transfer-Encoding:, Upgrade:, Via: and Warning Request headers These headers give more precise information about the resource to be fetched or about the client itself, Among them oné can find cache-related headers, transforming a GET method in a conditional GET, like If-Modified-Since:, user-preference information like Accept-Language: or Accept-Charset: or plain client information like User-Agent:. New request headers cannot officially be added without increasing the version number of the HTTP protocol. But, it is common for new request headers to be added if both the server and the client agree on their meaning. In that case, a client should not assume that they will be handled adequately by the server;-unknown request headers.are-handled_as-entity headers. Response headers These headers give more information about the resource sent back, like. its real iocation (Location:) or about the server itself, like its name and version (Server:). New response headers cannot be added without increasing the version number of the HTTP protocol, But, it is common for new response headers to be added if both the server and the client agree meaning. In that case, a server should not assume that they will be handled adequately by the client ; unknown response headers are handled as entity headers. Entity headers These headers give more information about the body of the entity, like its length (Content- Length:), an identifying hash (Content-MDS:), or its MIME-type (Content-Type:). New entity headers can be added without increasing the version number of the HTTP protocol. Headers can also be grouped according to how caching and non-caching proxies handle them: End-to-end headers These headers must be transmitted to the final recipient of the message; that is, the server for a request message or the client for a response message. Such a header means that intermediate proxies must retransmit it unmodified and also that caches must store it. Hop-by-hop headers These headers are meaningful only for a single transport-level connection and must not be retransmitted by proxies or cached. Such headers are: Connection:, Keep-Alive:, Proxy- Authenticate:, Proxy-Authorization:, TE:, Trailers:, Transfer-Encoding: and Upgrade:. Note that only hop-by-hop headers may be set using the Connection: general header. In order to learn about the specific semantic of each header, see its entry in the comprehensive list of HTTP headers. Useful request headers ‘Among the numerous HTTP request headers, several are especially useful when set correctly. If you are bullding your own requests, by using XMLHTTPRequest or when writing an extension: and sending custom HTTP requests via XPCOM, then it is important to ensure the| presence of headers that are often set by browsers based on the preferences of the user. Controlling the language of the resource. Most user-agents, like Firefox, allow the user to set preference for the language for receiving a resource. The browser translate this into an Accept: Language: header. It is good practice for web developers, when building specific HTTP requests, to include such a header too. Using conditional GET Caching is a major tool to accelerate the display of web pages. Even when parts of a webpage are refreshed via an XMLHTTPRequest:, it is a good idea to use the If-Modified-Since: header: ‘Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyd, Ph: 040-23746666, www.fb.com/nareshit 124:Naresh / Technologies SERVLE By Mr. Nataraj {and other similar ones) in order to fetch the new content only if it has changed. T lowers the burden on the network. proach Useful response headers The configuration of a web server is a critical part to ensure good performance and optimal security of a web site, Among the numerous HTTP response headers, several are of specific importance and should be configured on the server Restricting framing Several cross-sit® scripting (KSS) attacks take advantage of the ability to put th content inside an or