Programmable Controllers
Theory and Implementation
Second Edition
L.A. Bryan
E.A. Bryan
PROGRAMMABLE
CONTROLLERS
T HEORY AND I MPLEMENTATION
Second Edition
L. A. Bryan
E. A. Bryan
An Industrial Text Company Publication
Atlanta • Georgia • USA
Contents
C ONTENTS
Preface ..................................................................................................... ix
About the Authors .................................................................................... x
How to Use this Book ............................................................................. xi
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
1-1 Definition ................................................................................................. 4
1-2 A Historical Background .......................................................................... 5
1-3 Principles of Operation ........................................................................... 10
1-4 PLCs Versus Other Types of Controls ................................................... 13
1-5 PLC Product Application Ranges .......................................................... 22
1-6 Ladder Diagrams and the PLC ............................................................... 24
1-7 Advantages of PLCs ............................................................................... 26
Chapter 2 Number Systems and Codes
2-1 Number Systems .................................................................................... 34
2-2 Number Conversions .............................................................................. 41
2-3 One’s and Two’s Complement ............................................................... 43
2-4 Binary Codes .......................................................................................... 46
2-5 Register Word Formats .......................................................................... 50
Chapter 3 Logic Concepts
3-1 The Binary Concept ............................................................................... 56
3-2 Logic Functions ...................................................................................... 57
3-3 Principles of Boolean Algebra and Logic .............................................. 64
3-4 PLC Circuits and Logic Contact Symbology ......................................... 68
SECTION 2 COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS
Chapter 4 Processors, the Power Supply, and Programming Devices
4-1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 82
4-2 Processors ............................................................................................... 84
4-3 Processor Scan ........................................................................................ 86
4-4 Error Checking and Diagnostics ............................................................ 92
4-5 The System Power Supply ..................................................................... 98
4-6 Programming Devices .......................................................................... 104
Chapter 5 The Memory System and I/O Interaction
5-1 Memory Overview ............................................................................... 110
5-2 Memory Types ..................................................................................... 111
5-3 Memory Structure and Capacity .......................................................... 115
5-4 Memory Organization and I/O Interaction ........................................... 119
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