POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 1

The Level of Interest between Small-scale and Large-scale

Food Chains among the Students of Polytechnic

University of the Philippines

Submitted to:

Engr. Jhon Eduardo Valdez

Submitted by:

Gacutara, Jackielyn Karla

Carreon, Jan Raymond

Sipsip, Jamezel Anne

Balontong, Kimberly

Rodriguez, Michelle

Cruz, Krisha Nicole

Balane, Alliah Ann

Majait, Collen

BSA 2-2P
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The Polytechnic University of the Philippines Mabini Campus is located

at Anonas St., Sta. Mesa, Manila whereas various fast-food chains and food

kiosks are located near the campus. These food chains primarily provide food

and services to the students. Each food chain serves food that can satisfy their

customers.

There are small-scale food chains such as street vendors and food stalls

owned by an individual living in the vicinity. There are also large-scale food

chains around the area, such as fast-food chains and franchise of some

renowned convenience store. This variety of food chains gives choices to the

students that create competition among the businesses. The competition

became aggregate due to great numbers of food chains present in the area.

Also, the difference of food offerings greatly affects the competition.

The large-scale food chains are dominant and popular since they have

already established their name and brand. These large-scale food chains have

also created their status quo as a business and have been in the service for a

long time. They provide a strong business background that can attract the

students. One of the large-scale food chains that hold the greatest advantage is
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 3
the Jollibee. Jollibee have been in the service for some decades and it

contributes to the lives of the Filipino families. Jollibee is a fast-food chain

established in the Philippines. For the past years, it creates an impact to the

taste and preference of different generations of the country. However, small-

scale food chains have a good advantage because even though they are not

the popular ones, students find their food and service affordable and fit for

student’s budget. These small-scale food chains serve Filipino street foods

such as fish balls, kwek-kwek and squid balls. There are also food stalls selling

siomai, french fries, and burger. In the Philippines, small-scale food chains also

include carinderia. Carinderia is a place where they serve different kinds of

viand. It is not a high-end restaurant but only serves home-made viand. Even

though small-scale food chains are only occupying less space and area there

are much more competitors since these food stalls are easily built and do not

need large capital to provide a place to sell.

These factors and characteristics of small-scale and large-scale food

chains will be analyzed since these factors can affect the levels of interest of

the students in their preferred food chain. The study mainly focuses in the

nature of the business and preference of the customer.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 4
Statement of the Problem

Although there is high evidence that people love to eat whether it is from

large-scale or small-scale food chains;

a) This research aims to determine and compare the number of students

who prefer small-scale and large-scale food chains.

b) This study begins to address issues that are surrounding the level of

interest between small scale and large scale food chains among the students of

Polytechnic University of the Philippines.

c) Also to specify which among small-scale or large-scale food chains is

most performed by the students.

d) More particularly, this study aims to know the factors that affect the

decision of the students and what urge them to buy in the certain food chain.

Definition of Terms

Carinderia- is a local eatery selling and serving viands with wooden benches.

It is also known as a "turo-turo" wherein customers literally point what they want

to eat from an array of cauldrons.

Fast-food chain- a chain of restaurants serving fast food such as burgers,

fries pasta and chicken meal.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 5
Food Chain- is an international journal for all those involved in developing the

supply of high-quality foods from ‘farm gate to plate’ and those who use food

processing to alleviate poverty and hunger.

Food kiosk- is a small, temporary, stand-alone booth used in high-traffic areas

for marketing purposes. A kiosk is usually manned by one or two individuals

who help attract attention to the booth to get new customers.

Food stall- a small open counter or partially enclosed structure where things

are displayed for sale.

Interest – something that a certain person enjoys doing or having.

Large-scale food chain- a company owned food chains that have big capital

thus the company have established strong connections with their customers.

Street vendor - a person who sells a product in the street, either from a stall or

van or with their goods laid out on the sidewalk.

Small-scale food chain- a scale food processing that can create employment,

can initiate a business with little start – up capital.

Significance of the Study

The researchers assume that this study will contribute a lot to determine

if the students in PUP prefer small-scale or large-scale food chain.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 6
The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of the businessmen

that would like to establish their business near the PUP Main Campus. The

results of this study will help them to identify the trend and preferences of the

students that will directly affect them.

This will also beneficial to food chain owner since the food chain owner

will be informed about the students’ preferences so that they can adjust or

make changes within their business strategy. The researchers believe that this

study will be an eye opener not just for the businesses and also for the

consumers specifically the students.

This study aims to answer if how many PUP Students appreciates the

small scale food chains rather than the large scale food chains. It will also

answer if how many students are frugal or more costly.

This study will tackle the differences between small-scale with large-

Scale food chain that will met the preferences of the students of PUP Main

Campus.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study is focused and limited only on the students of the Polytechnic

University of the Philippines in Manila Main Campus, who buy and eat food in

small-scale and large-scale businesses that are located near the campus.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 7
In order to gather primary data and to assure the manageability of the

collected data, the researchers will conduct a survey questionnaire i.e., to be

answered by the given participants to determine which of the small-scale and

large-scale food businesses is best enjoyed and patronized by the students.

The study is mainly focused on the level of interest of the students towards the

small-scale and large-scale food businesses. It also involves the factors

present in the given variables and the reasons why they enjoy and patronize

their product. This study is interested on the impact of the results to the

students that will help the researchers to briefly know the difference between

the two given variables.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 8

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

LOCAL LITERATURE

The researchers scrutinize and consider various Local Literature

that will support and addresses the questions of the study. Understated are the

local literature gathered.

According to the article of Dennis Villegas “Pinoy Street Foods” (2010),

street foods are very popular especially among the common people in Manila

and other parts of the Philippines. He said street foods are easy to find: in every

street corner there are vendors selling those foods. These foods are very

cheap: even the poorest Pinoys can afford them.

In the Philippines, selling street foods has become a huge industry. It is

one of the most viable means of livelihood among the common people as it

does not require big capital investment. A few hundred pesos and a little

knowledge of cooking are all that is required. Most sellers do not even have to

invest in permanent shops. Many are ambulant vendors who roam the streets,

carrying a bilao (a woven tray), a basket, or a plastic bag filled with their food

merchandise. Others push a cart or ride a bicycle. Some vendors carry a

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 9
folding table – a makeshift stall -- that can be brought home after the day’s

business. Although it tends to take these vendors for granted, they

nevertheless play an important role in the Philippine economy and in serving

the basic needs of Pinoys.

One of the basic Pinoy's eatery is the Carinderia. According to the

Wikipedia the Carinderia is a local eatery selling and serving and viands with

wooden benches. It's also known as a "turo-turo" wherein customers literally

point what they want to eat from an array of cauldrons. In the Article of

may2_hp "Pinoys and Carinderias: Inseparable" (2011), Filipino carinderias and

eateries have become an integral part of the Filipino’s lifestyle. The author also

asserted that without these food establishments Filipinos life would be way

different and far more costly. They are as fit to be called as the Philippines’

trademark. It is also stated in the article that in the Philippines, you can almost

never find a street without one or two carinderias, except for some very

developed and private properties. Places where there are many ordinary

people like schools, business centers, and travelling routes are where you will

usually find these carinderias. People from these places are the usual

customers— students, teachers, employees of different businesses, and

common travelers. For these kinds of people, eating in carinderias and eateries

are more practical than going home to eat, bringing lunch, or eating in

expensive fast-food chains.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 10
Talking about being practical, In the Blog written by Blueberry "Student

Life: Fast Food vs Carinderias- We so random!” (2015), the author said that, “if

I want to save a lot I should be practical, most probably that there will be food

stores around the vicinity around universities or schools. There are two types of

food stores. 1st is the fast foods, which is so popular for almost everyone. 2nd

there is the small eateries which we call here in the Philippines as carinderias.

Both types of restaurants will surely satisfy your hunger but the main difference

I can see would be the price of the food you’re going to pay. Eating in fast foods

restaurants can cost you up to 80 to 150 pesos a meal. while eating in

carinderias can only cost you around 25 to 50 pesos per meal. That’s why it is

also popular to be called, student meals or budget meals.” The author also

added that the only downside she can see when eating in a carinderia is the

condition of the place. It’s not convenient compared to fast food stores wherein

the place is fully air-conditioned. Well,want to be save alot? Be practical.

Some students prefer Large Food chains namely Jollibee, McDonalds,

Mang Inasal and etc. According to the article published by Iskolarstudio "Fast

food: Good or Bad" (2016), Large scale food chain are better than Carinderias

even if the food are mostly Lutong Bahay that make foods accessible for those

who are in need. Fast food often seems like a quick solution for families with

small children and working parents, but trying to instill healthy eating habits in

young lives can be a challenge at fast food chains. The good news is that

healthier, kid-friendly alternatives are becoming more available. For example,

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 11
low-fat milk is an option in place of sugary sodas. You can also opt for apple

slices instead of high-fat French fries in many cases. The positives of fast-food

restaurants can go beyond the cost and convenience factors with a little effort

in choosing the healthier options on the menu.

According to the article of 8list.ph “Iconic Turo-Turo and Cafeteria Food

Students Loved in College” (2015) most of the college students that facing a

problem about their academics, food is their way to cope up. They’re bound to

go searching for food to relieve their stress. Add the issue of a student budget

to the mix, and the search narrows down to very cheap yet extremely

comforting grub.

Nowadays these places aren’t just important hotspots on the campus.

They’re places integral to the college experience. Here are just some of the

most iconic cafeteria and carinderia food students loved in college. (1) Noel’s

Barbeque in De La Salle University-Manila. (2) Mang Tootz Food House in

University of Sto. Tomas. (3) Rodic’s Tapsilog in Up Diliman (4) Chinky

Chickens’ in Ateneo de Manila University.

The local literature has a relevant to the present research. It includes

about patronizing of students between carinderia, turo-turo, and fast food chain.

Mostly, customers choose carinderia and turo-turo because of the affordable

price for student’s budget than fast food chain. While others choose fast food

chain because of the quality of the food they offer and the good ambiance of

the place.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 12

FOREIGN STUDIES

Many studies have been done to find out the factors that affect people to

consume fast food. Some people hold a view that family provides an important

context for the development of obesity. In other words, parents have a potential

influence on their children’s eating behaviors.

According to the study named “Fast Food for Family Meals:

Relationships with Parent and Adolescent Food Intake, Home Food Available

and Weight Status” was conducted by Boutelle, Fulkerson, Neumark-Sztainer,

Story and French (2007) to evaluate family purchase of fast food for meals and

home food availability and BMI among the parents and their adolescents. Some

statistics were shown in this study, such as “after adjusting for the effects of

parental race/ethnicity, the odds of having soda pop available in the home were

significantly lower for parents reporting no purchases of fast food for family

meals or 1-2 fast food meals per week than for parent reporting 3 or more fast

food meals per week”; while “the odds of reporting vegetables served at dinner

were significantly higher for families reporting 1-2 fast food meals per week

than families reporting 3 or more fast food meals per week” (p.19). These study

findings showed that more frequent fast food purchases for family meals were

associated with the availability of less nutritious food at home (p.20).

Significantly, this study extended beyond fast food consumption by individuals

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 13
to examine factors that promote people’s fast food consumption associated with

the purchase of fast food for family meals.

As to family influence that affects people’s fast food consumption, a

study named “the Influence of Adult Family Members on Children’s Fast Food

Consumption: A Health Belief” also noted that many parents could not manage

well their children’s fast food consumption, no matter for the convenience or for

the inability to say no to their children when their children pestered them to go

to fast food restaurant. The reason was related to the fun factor with the kid-

friendly packaging, free toys and attached play-ground. This study also pointed

out that children are fast food companies favorite target, because they “are less

attached to traditional fare and develop their dietary preferences at an early

age”, providing fast food companies with opportunities to target them. Besides

these two reasons, fast food advertising was also mentioned as a factor that

attracts people’s fast food consumption. This study agreed with the opinion that

fast food advertisers had “unfettered access to make profits at the expense of

children’s health” (Lee & Lien, 2015, p.185).

According to the study named “Why Do Young People Prefer Fast Food

Restaurants? An Exploratory Study” made by Untaru & Ispas, 2013, is an

investigation that intends to figure out the reasons that determine young people

to choose fast food restaurant, as well as their criteria when they choose a

place like this to eat, and why they are satisfied with fast food products. To

accomplish this purpose, this study made up two focus groups, in which all
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 14
participants were selected with the help of a recruitment questionnaire to make

sure they eat fast food at least twice a month. This research took qualitative

method, posed hypothesis and objectives ahead, then interviewed the focus

group with a structured guide. As the result, three main criteria which young

people brought into discussion several times were identified, those were: the

taste of the products, their freshness and consistency, the physical environment

and contact employees. Then the conclusion was drawn that fast food

restaurants “succeed in adapting to young people’s needs and expectations”

Because fast food restaurants offer cheap products, advantageous locations,

welcoming atmosphere- so young people enjoy the time spent there to

socialize, home delivery services- due to lack of time young people cannot dine

out of home, as well as extending daily program- 24 hours each day. All these

fit well young people’s characters, which are usually known as low income, lack

of time, convenience and need for socialize.

I. Consumption of Street Foods (Small-scale food chains)

II. Based on the study, “Factors which influence the consumption of

street foods and fast foods in South Africa-a national survey”. The objective of

this study was to determine the use of street foods and fast foods purchased by

South Africans living in different provinces and geographic areas. In 2009,

Feeley et al., published data on fast food consumption (including street food

sold by vendors) among 17 year olds in the Birth to Twenty cohort in Soweto

and Johannesburg. They found that 30% of the participants consumed fast
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 15
foods five to seven times a week with another 20% having it two to four times a

week. They speculate that street foods would probably make an important

contribution to total dietary, particularly the "Sowetan quarter (kota)".

There is a paucity of data on street foods sold in South Africa,

particularly with regard to types, frequency of use and contribution to nutritive

value of the diet. This has long been a common practice in many African

countries and contributes significantly to the employment of vendors,

particularly women. With the exception of the study undertaken in Soweto,

information on street foods is virtually non-existent in South Africa.

Furthermore, relatively little is known about fast food consumption in South

Africa, and no published data is available at the national level. The purpose of

the current study was to evaluate and describe both street foods and fast foods

bought by South Africans at the national level. Furthermore, factors influencing

fast food and street food purchasing were also evaluated. In conclusion, a large

percentage of the population purchase street foods and fast foods.

Another study “Factors Related to the Number of Fast Food Meals

Obtained by College Meal Plan Student” conducted by Yuchu Song 2016

explored whether days on campus, financial access and health consciousness

were associated with the number of meals that college students obtained from

fast food restaurants. This study took place in April 2013 by inviting all students

who currently enrolled in meal plan to participate in an online survey. Finally,

the sample size was 973, which is sufficiently large to produce useful results
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 16
(Dingman, Schulz, Wyrick, Bibeau & Gupta, 2014, p.564). The result came out

from this study was that “number of meals obtained from fast food restaurants

were positively associated with finance access and negatively associated with

health consciousness.” But there was no evidence to support the association

between days on campus and number of meals obtained from fast food

restaurants.

Similarly, three main determinants for choosing fast food identified in

students from Timisoara University center: lack of time, lack of money and

school program (Avram & Oravitan, 2013, p.55). “Fast Food for Family Meals:

Relationships withParent-Adolescent Food Intake, Home Food Availability and

Weight Status” study also added “a lack of education about the nutritional

content of fast food” and “a lack of interest/ motivation to eat healthier food” to

the factors explaining why people favor fast food (Boutelle, Fulkerson,

Neumark-Sztainer, Story & French, 2007, p.21).

Recognizing the current phenomenon and understanding the incentive

why there is a large group of fast food clients can help parents, physicians,

Health and Human Service to search for productive solutions to change

unhealthy people’s situation.

According to the study study named “Fast Food for Family Meals:

Relationships with Parent and Adolescent Food Intake, Home Food Available

and Weight Status” was conducted by Boutelle, Fulkerson, Neumark-Sztainer,

Story and French (2007) to evaluate family purchase of fast food for meals and
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 17
home food availability and BMI among the parents and their adolescents. Some

statistics were shown in this study, such as “after adjusting for the effects of

parental race/ethnicity, the odds of having soda pop available in the home were

significantly lower for parents reporting no purchases of fast food for family

meals or 1-2 fast food meals per week than for parents reporting 3or more fast

food meals per week”; while “the odds of reporting vegetables served at dinner

were significantly higher for families reporting 1-2 fast food meals per week

than families reporting 3 or more fast food meals per week” (p.19). These study

findings showed that more frequent fast food purchases for family meals were

associated with the availability of less nutritious food at home (p.20).

Significantly, this study extended beyond fast food consumption by individuals

to examine factors that promote people’s fast food consumption associated with

the purchase of fast food for family meals.

III. Based on the study Hesamedin Askari Majabadi “Factors Influencing

Fast-Food Consumption among Adolescents in Tehran: A Qualitative Study”

(2016) this study aims to investigate the factors of fast-food consumption that

influenced among adolescents in Tehran, Iran. It is said that because of the

changes in the lifestyle and dietary habits of people, an increasing number of

people from different age group, particularly adolescents and young adults are

inclined toward consuming fast food. The consumption of different types of fast

food is increasingly growing in all parts of the world, both in developed and

developing countries. Purposive sampling method was used in this study to

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 18
select the most informed and knowledgeable samples. Overall 46 adolescents

aged 15 and 18 was used in this study.

The factors that were found to influence the consumption of fast foods

were classified into the following two main groups: 1) factors promoting the

consumption of fast food and 2) factors inhibiting the consumption of fast food.

The results of the study in terms of the factors promoting the

consumption of fast food among adolescents are several participants believed

that fast foods provide them favorable feeling, because they are delicious, quick

to prepare, convenient to access and easy to digest. It also indicates the factors

of 1) fast food is delicious; 2) fast-food eateries and restaurants are easily

accessible; 3) a greater variety of fast-food options than home-cooked food

options is available, providing people with numerous choices; 4) the

affordability of fast foods and the fact that they are readily available provide

adolescents with a sense of independence; 5) finally, going out to eat fast foods

with friends is a way of entertainment, particularly for adolescents.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 19

CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES

This chapter contains the method of the research used by the

researchers, method of collecting data and the development of research

instruments to accumulate results. Also, in this chapter sampling design is

presented together with the statistical treatment intended for the study.

Methods of the Research Used

Descriptive method of research is used in this study. The researchers

are doing a fact-finding study with appropriate and accurate interpretation of

findings about the level of interest of PUP students for small-scale and large-

scale food chains found near in the campus. It describes the current

phenomena and condition of students since food is one of the basic needs of a

student whenever he is in campus. And due to the qualitative nature of this

study, descriptive method of research is highly commendable and the most

suitable method to use.

Students in the main campus are the target respondent of this research

since currently the population of students of PUP Main Campus became larger

compare than other colleges. These students are the primary consumer of food
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 20
chains near in the campus thus making an impact towards the small-scale and

large-scale food chains.

Method of Collecting Data

In order to find out the level of interest between small-scale and large scale

Food Chains among the students, the researchers conducted a survey by

distributing a questionnaire to the students school year 2019-2020 at

Polytechnic University of the Philippines. This was used because the

researchers can gather data faster than any method. Also, the respondents for

this research are literate. They could read and answer the questionnaire with

ease. The respondents are expected to answer on their own. The questionnaire

has several parts that contain series of question to extract information. The

survey questionnaire is consisted of several information concerning the level of

interest between small-scale and large scale Food Chains among the students.

After the accomplishment of the questionnaire, the results were tallied and

tabulated which will be the basis of the analysis and interpretation.

Sampling Design

The researchers gather the necessary data from the given population of

PUP students. The margin of error that is given by the researchers has a

number of 0.05 in case the research that is being done fails. Purposive
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 21
Sampling is the type of sampling technique that is used in the process of

conducting the data of the research. The sample size is computed with the

given formula of:

n ≥ N

1+Ne²

Where: n represents the sample size

N represents the population

e represents the 0.5 margin of error

The sample is selected by gathering the data of the population and then

performing the substitution. The computed sample size is reliable and valid that

would also make the research to be effective. After determining the sample size

the researchers will conduct a quota sampling wherein they can disseminate

the questionnaire to the students to reach the sample size or quota.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 22

Statistical Treatment

Also, in this study, the researchers used the percentage technique to

know the percentage of the respondents. The formula used by the researchers

is:

P(%)= R/N x 100

Wherein:

P- is the percentage

R- number of respondents

N- total number of students

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 23

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Exactly half of the respondents age were 19 years old and the second to

the highest number of respondents aged 20 years old. While the least number

of respondents lies around the ages 13, 22, 23, 24 and 26.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 24

More than half of the respondents were female which is 73 respondents

and the remaining are male with 42 respondents and there’s one respondent

who prefer on not saying the gender.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 25

More than half of the respondents prefer the Jollibee which is a sample

of large-scale food chain as their frequent and preferred food chain. While

almost 20% only of the respondents prefer the food stalls inside the PUP

campus- which is a sample of a small-scale food chain.

70% of the respondents who preferred Jollibee often eat in this food

chain at least three times while the least number of respondents often eat in

this food chain at least six times.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 26

More than 40% of the respondents are willing to pay from the ranges

101 to 200 pesos for their most preferred food chain while the least number of

respondents are willing to pay for the amount of 1 to 50 pesos.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 27

70% of the respondents chose their preferred food chain because of

their own interest. While the least number of respondents were influenced by

their family.

Most of the respondents bith prefer the food quality and the price of their

chosen food chain while the least factor that affects their decision was the staff

and its service.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 28

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

Based on the derived data by the proponents, the following

conclusions can be drawn from the chosen preference of the students in

Polytechnic University of the Philippines food chain wise. For the respondents,

their preference for the large-scale food chain was based on their own interest

and form of satisfaction- which is the combination of a good quality food in its

affordable price. Even if the food stalls inside the campus was a lot nearer and

more affordable, they would still go outside the campus just to satisfy their

hunger in that food chain. Among the choices given by the proponents, Jollibee

is the most preferred large-scale food chain in the Sta. Mesa area (residing at

Teresa and Pureza, specifically). The results of this study indicate that

regardless of the price and distance, the most important aspect for food chains

is the quality of the food and the place. However, these findings cannot be

generalized to other university students. The same study needs to be

conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any

similarities with the factor that will influence student’s choice in selecting their

most preferred food chain whether it’s a small-scale food chain or large-scale

food chain.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 29
Recommendation

To the Existing Business Owners or Potential Food Entrepreneurs:

This study would help the potential food entrepreneurs in

knowing the right strategy to get the attention of their customers while existing

business owners- specifically the small-scale food chains, will able to assess

their strategies and improve this to attract more customers inside the campus.

To Students:

This study would help the students determine which gives

more good quality food with its affordable price. This would help them assess

whether they would prefer the quality or practicality.

To Future Researchers:

Since the study is limited only to the students in Polytechnic

University of the Philippines, it is recommended that further studies be carried

out on students from other colleges and faculties to see whether there are any

similarities in the findings. Furthermore, future research could also explore the

difference between small-scale food chains and large-scale food chains that

attract the students to prefer in satisfying their hunger. Lastly, a lot of factors

may affect the level of interest of the students so this study would help the

researchers to find more factors that will affect their preference of food chains.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERISITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 30

Bibliography

8list.ph (2015) “Iconic Turo-Turo and Cafeteria Food Students Loved in

College” https://8list.ph

Blueberry (2015) "Student Life: Fast Food vs Carinderias- We so random!”

Boutelle, Fulkerson, Neumark-Sztainer, Story and French (2007) “Fast Food for
Family Meals: Relationships with Parent and Adolescent Food
Intake, Home Food Available and Weight Status”

Feeley et al.,(2009) Fast Food Consumption

Hesamedin Askari Majabadi (2016) “Factors Influencing Fast-Food

Consumption among Adolescents in Tehran: A Qualitative Study”

Iskolarstudio (2016) "Fast food: Good or Bad" www.iskolarstudio.blogspot.com

Lee & Lien (2015) “The Influence of Adult Family Members on Children’s Fast
Food Consumption: A Health Belief

may2_hp (2011) Pinoys and Carinderias: Inseparable"

Untaru & Ispas, (2013) “Why Do Young People Prefer Fast Food Restaurants?
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