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API-571Q&As
Corrosion and Materials Professional
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QUESTION 1
General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, organic compounds
or microbiological activity is called _______.
A. Cooling water corrosion
B. Oxidation
C. MIC
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 2
Vessels constructed after December, 1987 are subject to the requirements of ________ of ASME Section VIII, Division
1.
A. UW-26
B. UG-31
C. UB-54
D. UCS-66
Correct Answer: D
QUESTION 3
__________ are the most common type of equipment susceptible to carburization in the refining industry.
A. Reactors
B. Heat exchangers
C. Heater tubes
D. Fin Fans
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 4
Corrosion in boiler feedwater and condensate return systems is usually the result of dissolved gases, oxygen and
_______.
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A. Carbon monoxide
B. H²O
C. Temperature
D. Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer: D
QUESTION 5
Liquid metal embrittlement can occur if 300 Series SS comes in contact with molten _______.
A. Copper
B. Mercury
C. Zinc
D. Lead
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 6
Ways to prevent thermal fatigue include reducing stress concentrators by making _______________ transitions at
places where the wall thickness changes.
Correct Answer: Smooth
QUESTION 7
For furnaces, to prevent PASCC, keep the firebox heated above the dewpoint to keep ________ from forming.
A. Water
B. Acids
C. Moisture
D. Corrosion
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 8
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Which of these materials is susceptible to 885º F embrittlement?
A. 400 Series SS
B. Duplex SS
C. 5Cr-1Mo
D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
QUESTION 9
The graphitization rate ____________ with increasing temperature
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stops
D. Proceeds
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 10
Ammonium chloride salts may be whitish, greenish or _________.
A. Reddish
B. Brownish
C. Yellowish
D. Bluish
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 11
Amine cracking has been reported down to ambient temperatures with some amines. __________ temperatures and
stress levels _______ the likelihood and severity of cracking.
A. Increasing increases
B. Increasing, decreases
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C. Decreasing increases
D. Increasing, reduces
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 12
Corrosion protection in the boiler is accomplished by laying down and continuously maintaining a layer of _____.
A. Manganese
B. Magnetite
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Carbonate
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 13
Cracking susceptibility increases with __________ pH and carbonate concentration.
A. Increasing
B. Decreasing
C. Low
D. High
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 14
High temperature H² / H²S corrosion damage is minimized by using alloys with high _________ content.
A. Carbon
B. Molybdenum
C. Chromium
D. Stainless
Correct Answer: C
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QUESTION 15
For galvanic corrosion to take place, three conditions must be met, presence of an electrolyte, two different materials or
alloys and ___________.
A. A cathode
B. An anode
C. An electrical connection
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 16
Cracks that are typically straight, non-branching, and devoid of any associated plastic deformation are likely associated
with which type of failure?
A. Stress corrosion cracking
B. Brittle fracture
C. Thermal fatigue
D. Temper embrittlement
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 17
Fatigue cracks usually initiate on the surface at notches or __________ under cyclic loading.
A. Branches
B. Laterals
C. Stress concentrations
D. Grinding marks
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 18
_________ is a selective corrosion mechanism in which one or more constituents of an alloy are preferentially attacked
leaving a lower density often porous structure.
A. Phenol corrosion
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B. Dealloying
C. Carburization
D. Preferentially weld attack
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 19
The level of creep damage is a function of the material and the coincident _________ level at which the creep
deformation occurs.
A. Pressure/Temperature
B. Pressure/Stress
C. Temperature/Stress
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 20
In general, the resistance of iron and nickel based alloys to sulfidation is determined by the ________ content of the
material.
A. Chromium
B. Carbon
C. Molybdenum
D. Alloying
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 21
_________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfurizers and hydrocrackers than naphtha desulfurizers and
hydrocrackers by a factor of almost "2".
A. Lower
B. Higher
C. Sulfidization
D. Hydrogen corrosion
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Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 22
300 Series SS can suffer pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and ________ in fresh, blackish and salt water.
A. General corrosion
B. Oxidation
C. SCC
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 23
SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from the absorption of atomic hydrogen that is produced by the
______ corrosion process on the metal surface.
A. HCl
B. HF
C. Sulfide
D. Wet H²S
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 24
Surface initiated cracks caused by environmental cracking of 300 Series SS and some nickel based alloys under the
combined action of tensile stress, temperature and an aqueous chloride environmental is called ________. The
presence of dissolved oxygen ___________ the propensity for cracking.
A. Cl SCC, Increases
B. Stress cracking, Increases
C. Cl SCC, Decreases
D. Stress cracking, Decreases
Correct Answer: A
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QUESTION 25
Equipment that is temper embrittled may be susceptible to _______ during start-up and shutdown.
A. Creep
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Brittle fracture
D. Stress fatigue
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 26
If wet electrodes or high moisture content flux weld electrodes are used to weld carbon steel, hydrogen can be charged
into the steel resulting in _________.
A. Reduced tensile strength
B. Loss of ductility
C. Delayed cracking
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 27
Mitigation of CUI is best achieved by _________.
A. A properly documented inspection program
B. A properly installed insulation system
C. A properly applied coating system
D. A properly documented NDE program
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 28
Carbon steel is susceptible to SCC when used in ___________ service.
A. Hydrogen
B. Ammonia
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C. High temperature
D. High pressure
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 29
Blistering, HIC, SOHIC and SSC damage can occur wherever there is a ____________ environment.
A. Wet H²S
B. Hydrogen
C. Sulfur
D. Aqueous
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 30
________ significantly increases the probability and severity of blistering, HIC and SOHIC damage.
A. Caustic
B. Cyanides
C. Stress
D. Temperature
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 31
Amine cracking is ________ likely to occur in lean MEA and DEA services than in MDEA and DIPA services.
A. More
B. Less
C. As
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
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QUESTION 32
The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is usually accompanied by a(n) _________ in ductility, which
allows for deformation at stress concentrations.
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Reduction
D. Yield
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 33
________ of a component is the most important factor in determining a components resistance to mechanical fatigue.
A. Design
B. Temperature
C. Stress
D. Pressure
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 34
Proper application of ________ will control but not eliminate microbes that cause MIC so that continued treatment is
necessary.
A. Ozone
B. Caustic
C. Biocides
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
QUESTION 35
What standard refers to Risk-Based-Inspection?
A. RP 581
B. RP 579
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C. RP 588
D. RP 568
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 36
The removal of surface material by impacting materials is called:
A. Erosion
B. Erosion corrosion
C. Erosion or erosion corrosion
D. IPC (imparting particle corrosion)
Correct Answer: A
QUESTION 37
Which of these materials are susceptible to creep damage?
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Low alloy steel
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
QUESTION 38
Mechanical fatigue can cause cracks that initiate from the surface and often form a:
A. Clam shell appearance.
B. Snail shell appearance.
C. Turtle shell appearance.
D. Shell Oil shell appearance.
E. Taco shell appearance.
Correct Answer: A
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QUESTION 39
Sulfidation is primarily caused by:
A. Impacting particles.
B. Sulfur compounds decomposing at higher temperatures.
C. Sulfur compounds being created in the FCCU (Cat Cracking Unit).
D. Elemental sulfur collecting in stagnate areas, e.g. dead legs.
E. Operators failing to adequately control the ph of sulfur streams.
Correct Answer: B
QUESTION 40
Susceptibility of an alloy to sulfidation is determined by its ability to form protective _________.
A. Oxide scales
B. Sulfide scales
C. Carbide scales
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
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