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Definitions from ANOs (CAA PAK)

1. Maintenance - means any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection,

modification or defect rectification of component. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

2. Domestic Repair Station - the organization involved only in overhauling, repair,

modification, inspection, etc, located within Pakistan. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

3. Foreign Repair Station - the organization involved only in overhauling, repair,

modification, inspection, etc, located abroad. For the requirements on Foreign Repair Station,
refer to the latest issue of ANO 92.0011. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

4. Aircraft components - include aircraft engine, propeller, instruments and equipments

that are intended for fitment to aircraft used for the purpose of commercial air transport,
charter, aerial work, etc. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

5. Approval - means approval issued by DGCA in accordance with the requirements. (Ref
ANO 92.0001)

6. Aircraft - may be referred to as Aeroplane(s) and Helicopter(s). (Ref ANO 92.0001)

7. Regular public transport operations - means flight operations in which an aircraft is

used for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward in accordance with fixed
schedules to and from fixed terminals over specific routes with or without intermediate
stopping places between terminals, and any reference to “regular public transport” has a
corresponding meaning. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

8. Transport category - applies to multi-engine aircraft intended for the regular public
transport of passengers and / or cargo for hire and reward. This category generally applies to
aircraft with a maximum take-off weight (MTOW) in excess of 5700 kg or authorized to carry
more than 13 passengers. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

9. General aviation aircraft - applies to multi or single engine aircraft with a maximum take-off
weight (MTOW) not exceeding 5700 kg. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

10. Charter operation - means flight operations in which an aircraft is used for the carriage
of passengers or cargo for hire or reward; and any reference to “charter” has a corresponding
meaning to and from any place but not in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed
terminals or in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals in circumstances
in which the accommodation in the aircraft is not available for use by members of the public.
(Ref ANO 92.0001)

11. Aerial work operations - means flight operations other than charter, or regular public
transport, or private operations, for which hire or reward is given or promised to the pilot, the
owner, or the operator of the aircraft in respect of the flight or the purpose of the flight, and
any reference to aerial work” has a corresponding meaning. (Ref ANO 92.0001)

12. Private operation - means flight operations, other than aerial, charter, or regular public
transport, in which no remuneration, hire, or reward is given to the pilot, the owner, or the
operator of the aircraft in respect of that flight or the purpose of that flight. (Ref ANO 92.0001)
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Definitions from ANOs (CAA PAK)

13. Certificate of Maintenance (C of M):- If an aircraft is holding a certificate of

airworthiness in the private category; a certificate of maintenance (C of M) shall be issued.
(Refer Appendix ‘F’ for further details). (Ref ANO 92.0001)

14. Certificate of Release to Service (CRS):- If an aircraft is holding a certificate of

airworthiness in the public transport category or aerial work category; a certificate of release
to service (CRS) shall be issued. (Refer Appendix ‘G’ for further details). (Ref ANO 92.0001)

15. Authorized Release Certificate (ARC):- Where work (overhaul, repair, replacement,
modification or inspection) is carried out on part of an aircraft or its equipment by an domestic
repair station not handling the complete aircraft, authorized release certificate (ARC) on form
CAA 596 shall be issued to the consignee (Refer to para 13.2.1(a) and Appendix ‘H’). (Ref
ANO 92.0001)

16. Certificate of Maintenance Review (C of MR):- If an aircraft is holding a certificate of

airworthiness in the public transport category or aerial work category; a certificate of
maintenance review (C of MR) shall be issued. (Refer Annex ‘J’ for further details). (Ref ANO
92.0001)

17. Maintenance Release (MR):- All registered aircraft are to be issued with a maintenance
release. (Refer Annex ‘K’ for further details). (Ref ANO 92.0001)

18. Certificate of Fitness for Flight (CFF):- A certificate of fitness for flight shall be issued
for all registered aircraft prior to a test flight. (Refer Annex ‘L’ for further details). (Refer
Summary of Certification – Appendix ‘Q’). (Ref ANO 92.0001)

19. Control System - A system by which the flight path, attitude or propulsive force of an
aircraft is changed. This includes the flight, engine and propeller controls, the related system
controls and the associated operating mechanism. In the case of rotorcraft the flight control
system includes the mechanism used to control collective pitch, cyclic pitch and yaw. (Ref
ANO 92.0002)

20. Duplicate Inspection - An inspection first made and certified by one qualified person
and subsequently made and certified by a second qualified person. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

21. Vital Point - Any point on an aircraft at which single mal-assembly could lead to
catastrophe. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

22. Manufacturer - The holder of a Certificate of Organization Approval under CAR94 Rule
23(2) and of a Certificate of Type Approval (CTA), producing duplicate products in
accordance with CAR94 Rule18A and 18B. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

23. Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) - A Certificate of Type Approval (CTA), as defined
by CAR94 rule 18A and 18B, includes the type design, the operating limitations, the type
certificate data sheet (TCDS), the applicable regulations, and any other conditions or
limitations prescribed by the Director General. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

24. Provisional Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) - A provisional Certificate of Type

Approval (CTA) may be issued when all requirements for a Certificate of Type Approval
(CTA) are not complete but the applicant can show compliance with CAR94. (Ref ANO
92.0002)
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Definitions from ANOs (CAA PAK)

25. Type Acceptance Certificate (TAC) - Type Acceptance Certificate is issued on the
bases of accepting the Type Certificated issued by another Contracting State. (Ref ANO
92.0002)

26. Amended Certificate of Type Approval - The holder of a Certificate of Type Approval
(CTA) may apply for an amendment of the original Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) when
the change to the type design is not so extensive as to require a new Certificate of Type
Approval (CTA), and is classified as "major". Only a Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) holder
may apply for a Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) amendment. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

27. Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) - An STC is issued for major design changes to a
Certificate of Type Approval (CTA) when the change is not so extensive as to require a new
Certificate of Type Approval (CTA). Minor changes do not require an STC. Any person may
apply for a STC. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

28. Major Modification – A major modification is a modification that is not listed in the
aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specification: (1) that might appreciable affect weight,
balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or
other qualities affecting airworthiness; or (2) that is not done according to acceptance
practices or cannot be done by elementary operations. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

29. Minor Modification – A minor modification is a modification that is other than a major
modification. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

30. Supplier - Any person who furnishes articles or services related to the manufacturer of
type-certificated products. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

31. Articles – A material, a component or an assembly used in a part as specified in the

approved design data. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

32. Production Certificate - A Production Certificate is an authorization by the PCAA for a

manufacturer to manufacture a product in compliance with the Civil Aviation Regulations. A
PC may be issued to either the holder of a CTA, a STC, or to a licensee of a CTA holder, who
meets the requirements of rules 23 of CAR94. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

33. Product - A product is an aircraft, an aircraft engine, or propeller. In regards to export

airworthiness approvals, it includes components and parts of aircraft, of aircraft engines, and
of propellers; also parts, materials, and appliances, approved under the Technical Standard
Order (TSO) system. CTAs are only issued for aircraft, aircraft engines and propellers. (Ref
ANO 92.0002)

34. Appliances – Any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance or

accessory, including communication equipment, that is used or intended to be used in
operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, as installed in or attached to the aircraft and is not
a part of an airframe, engine or propeller. (Ref ANO 92.0002)

35. MMEL - Master Minimum Equipment List

36. Minimum Equipment List – MEL is a list, contained in an aircraft Flight Manual or
equivalent certification document, which specifies the minimum scale of equipment in an
aircraft which must be serviceable for the aircraft to carry out specified operations. (Ref ANO
92.0002)
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Definitions from ANOs (CAA PAK)

37. Competent Authority - means the Director General Civil Aviation Authority (DG CAA).
(Ref ANO 92.0003)

38. Authorized person - means Director Airworthiness or an employee of Civil Aviation

Authority, duly authorized by him. (Ref ANO 92.0003)

39. Recreational Vehicle - means a piloting device used for the purpose of recreational
activities, such as an Ultra Light Vehicle, Sports Airplane, Hang Glider, Powered Parachute,
etc. (Ref ANO 92.0003)

40. Hang Glider- means a winged vehicle that’s launching and landing capabilities depend
entirely on the legs of the operator. (Ref ANO 92.0003)

41. Maintenance - The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness
of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect
rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair. (Ref ANO 92.0003)

42. Ultra Light Aircraft - A winged vehicle equipped with an engine or other similar method
of propulsion. (Ref ANO 92.0003)

43. PCAA – Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. (Ref ANO 92.0005)

44. ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization. (Ref ANO 92.0005)

45. State of Design - The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the
type design. (Ref ANO 92.0005)

46. State of Manufacture - The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible
for the final assembly of the aircraft. (Ref ANO 92.0005)

47. State of Registry - The State on whose register the aircraft is entered. (Ref ANO
92.0005)

48. Contracting State – A country other than Pakistan, that is a Party to the Convention of
the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (Ref ANO 92.0005)

49. Product - A product is an aircraft, an aircraft engine, or propeller. In regards to export

airworthiness approvals, it includes components and parts of aircraft, of aircraft engines, and
of propellers; also parts, materials, and appliances, approved under the Technical Standard
Order (TSO) system. CTAs are only issued for aircraft, aircraft engines and propellers. (Ref
ANO 92.0006)

50. Amateur Built- aircraft is defined as an aircraft of which a major portion (at least 50
percent) has been designed / fabricated by an individual or group of individuals, the
construction of which is solely for educational and/or recreational purposes. Such aircraft
shall have maximum seating capacity of Four including pilot and its stall speed shall not
exceed 68KCAS.

51. DTR: Designated Technical Representative (AME in category ‘A’ & ‘C’ having 10 years
experience or Aeronautical Engineer registered with PEC and having 5 years aviation
experience
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Definitions from ANOs (CAA PAK)

52. Licensing Authority (LA): An Authority designated by the state to perform Licensing
functions as outlined in ICAO Annex 1.

53. Personnel Licensing Office (PLO): An office that performs Licensing tasks and
functions under the Licensing Authority.

54. Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence (AMEL): An Aircraft Maintenance Engineer

Licence is a Licence, issued in accordance with Annex 1 in different categories but not
containing the aircraft type ratings. Such a Licence may also be called a Basic AME Licence
(BAMEL) or LWTR (Licence without type ratings).

55. Airworthiness Type Rating (ATR): Airworthiness type rating (ATR) is an aircraft type
rating in the related category, held by the applicant, on his Basic AME Licence. Such a rating
may also be called aircraft type rating.

56. ‘ANO’ means the Air Navigation Orders issued by DGCAA under Rules 4 of CARs 94.

57. ‘Director General Civil Aviation Authority (DGCAA)’ means a person that has been appointed
by the Federal Government of Pakistan as executive head of the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan.

58. ‘Contracting State’ means a state who are signatory to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation (commonly known as the Chicago Convention).

59. ‘Air Carrier’ means an air transport undertaking with a valid operating license, Air Operator
Certificate (AOC) or equivalent.

60. ‘Operating Air Carrier’ an air carrier that performs or intends to perform a flight under a contract of
carriage with passenger, or on behalf of another person, legal or nature, having a contract of carriage
with that passenger.

61. ‘Operating Authorization or Technical Permission’ means any legislative or administrative act
by a contracting state, which provides either that an air carrier may operate air services to and from its
airports or that an air carrier may operate in its airspace or that an air carrier may exercise traffic rights.

62. ‘Operating Restriction’ means the refusal, suspension, revocation or restriction of an air carrier’s
operating authorization or technical permission for safety reasons, or any equivalent safety measures in
respect of an air carrier which has no traffic rights in the country but whose aircraft might otherwise be
operated in the country under a lease agreement.

63. hardwired
Refers to elements of a program or device that cannot be changed. Originally, the term was used to
describe functionality that was built into the circuitry (i.e., the wires) of a device. Nowadays, however,
the term is also used to describe constants built into software.