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Inversions and Emphatic Structures 1

This document discusses emphatic structures in English known as inversions. It explains that inversions are used to emphasize an idea or action by changing the typical word order in a sentence. Specifically, an inversion places an adverb before the auxiliary verb and subject. Some adverbs that can be used in inversions are little, seldom, rarely, never, in vain, hardly, scarcely, and barely. The document provides examples of sentences with and without inversions. It also discusses constructions using hardly, scarcely, barely, and no sooner that require an inversion when used with past tense verbs.

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Angela Faur
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190 views2 pages

Inversions and Emphatic Structures 1

This document discusses emphatic structures in English known as inversions. It explains that inversions are used to emphasize an idea or action by changing the typical word order in a sentence. Specifically, an inversion places an adverb before the auxiliary verb and subject. Some adverbs that can be used in inversions are little, seldom, rarely, never, in vain, hardly, scarcely, and barely. The document provides examples of sentences with and without inversions. It also discusses constructions using hardly, scarcely, barely, and no sooner that require an inversion when used with past tense verbs.

Uploaded by

Angela Faur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inversions and Emphatic Structures 1

Inversiunile se folosesc atunci cand vrem sa accentuam o idee sau o actiune.


Intr-o propozitie afirmativa ordinea cuvintelor este:
S + Aux + Adv + Vb. + ... : e.g. I have never seen her. (Eu nu am vazut-o pe ea
niciodata.)
Intr-o propozitie interogativa ordinea cuvintelor este:
Wh-word + Aux + S + Vb. + ...?: e.g. Where have I seen her? (Unde am vazut-o?)
Intr-o inversiune ordinea cuvintelor in propozitie este:
Adv + Aux + S + Vb. + ... : e.g. Never have I seen her. (Eu nu am vazut-o pe ea
NICIODATA.)
Dupa cum observam topica intr-o inversiune este aceeasi ca cea din intrebari cu
singura
diferenta ca o inversiune incepe cu un adverb iar o intrebare incepe cu un
cuvant cu WH-.
Inversiunile se pot forma numai cu anumite adverbe si constructii:
Little: He knows little about her. (El stie putin despre ea.) => Little does he know
about
her. (Putin stie el despre ea.)
Seldom: She seldom spoke. (Ea rareori vorbea.) => Seldom did she speak.
(Rareori
vorbea ea.)
Rarely: They rarely help us. (Ei rareori ne ajuta.) => Rarely do they help us.
(Rareori ne ajuta ei.)
Never: I have never lied in my life. (Eu nu am mintit niciodata in viata mea.) =>
Never have
I lied in my life. (Niciodata nu am mintit eu in viata mea.)
In vain: We had tried to help her in vain. (Noi incercasem sa o ajutam in zadar.) =>
In vain
had we tried to help her. (In zadar incercasem sa o ajutam.)
Hardly + HAD + S + Vb.III/-ed + WHEN + S + P (Past Simple): She had hardly
left when
the phone rang. => Hardly had she left when the phone rang.
Scarcely + HAD + S + Vb.III/-ed + WHEN + S + P (Past Simple): She had
scarcely left
when the phone rang. => Scarcely had she left when the phone rang.
Barely + HAD + S + Vb.III/-ed + WHEN + S + P (Past Simple): She had barely left
when
the phone rang. => Barely had she left when the phone rang.
No sooner + HAD + S + Vb.III/-ed + THAN + S + P (Past Simple): She had no
sooner left
than the phone rang. => No sooner had she left than the phone rang.
telefonul.)
e.g. Little ... during the party. (A vorbit putin in timpul petrecerii.)
a) did she speak (avem inversiune intre auxiliar si subiect)
b) she spoke (nu avem inversiune intre auxiliar si subiect)
c) she did speak (nu avem inversiune intre auxiliar si subiect)
d) she is speaking (nu avem inversiune intre auxiliar si subiect)
She had barely finished writing her letter when a storm broke out. (Abia a terminat
de scris
scrisoarea ca a izbucnit o furtuna.)
a) Barely she had finished her letter when a storm broke out. (nu avem inversiune
intre auxiliar
si subiect)
b) No sooner she had finished her letter than a storm broke out. (nu avem
inversiune intre
auxiliar si subiect)
c) Barely had she finished her letter than a storm broke out. (barely se foloseste
cu when si nu
cu than)
d) No sooner had she finished her letter than a storm broke out. (este corect
pentru ca avem
inversiune si no sooner se foloseste cu than)

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