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MA107 Tutorial-2

The document contains tutorial problems related to differential equations, power series solutions, Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions, and their properties. It includes determining singular points, finding general solutions in power series form, using the ratio test, expressing expressions in terms of Legendre polynomials, proving identities for Legendre polynomials, deriving recurrence relations for Legendre polynomials and Bessel functions, writing solutions to differential equations in terms of Bessel functions, and evaluating integrals involving Bessel functions.

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162 views2 pages

MA107 Tutorial-2

The document contains tutorial problems related to differential equations, power series solutions, Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions, and their properties. It includes determining singular points, finding general solutions in power series form, using the ratio test, expressing expressions in terms of Legendre polynomials, proving identities for Legendre polynomials, deriving recurrence relations for Legendre polynomials and Bessel functions, writing solutions to differential equations in terms of Bessel functions, and evaluating integrals involving Bessel functions.

Uploaded by

ayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA, RANCHI


MA107 Mathematics-II, Session: (SP-2020)
Tutorial - 2 (Module II)

1. Determine the singular points of the following differential equations and examine whether they are
regular or not
 
2 3 00 3 0 00 1 0 1
a) (x + 4)(x − 3) y + (x − 3) y + y = 0 b) y + y + 1 − 2 y = 0
x x
00 0 00 0
c) x2 y + y + 3xy = 0 d) x2 y + xy + (x2 − p2 )y = 0
00 0 00 0
e) (1 − x2 )y − 2xy + n(n + 1)y = 0 f) x3 (x − 1)y − 2(x − 1)y + 3xy = 0
00 2 0
g) x2 (1 − x2 )y + y + 4y = 0
x
00 0
2. Consider the equation y + xy + y = 0.
X
a) Find its general solution y = an xn in the form y = a0 y1 (x) + a1 y2 (x), where y1 (x) and y2 (x)
are power series.
b) Use the ratio test to verify that the two series y1 (x) and y2 (x) converges for all x.
2 /2
c) Show that y1 (x) is the series expansion of e−x , use this fact to find the second independent
solution.
3. Find the solution of the following equations in power series
0 00 0
a) xy = 3(y + 1) b) y − 3y + 2y = 0
00 0
c) 2x(1 − x)y + (1 − x)y + 3y = 0

4. Use Frobenius method to find the solutions of the following equations


00 0 00 0
a) xy + y + xy = 0 b) xy + 3y + 4x3 y = 0
00 0 00 0
c) x(2 + x2 )y − y − 6xy = 0 d) 4xy + 2y + y = 0
00 0 00 0
e) x(1 − x)y + 4y + 2y = 0 f) 9x(1 − x)y − 12y + 4y = 0.

5. Express the following expression in terms of Legendre polynomials

a) 2 − x + 3x2 b) x3 − 7x2 − 28x − 15

6. Prove that
0 1
a) Pn (1) = 1 b) Pn (−1) = (−1)n c) Pn (1) = n(n + 1)
2
0 1
d) Pn (−1) = (−1)n [n(n + 1)] e) Pn (−x) = (−1)n Pn (x)
2
Z 1
2tn
7. Prove that Pn (x)(1 − 2xt + t2 )−1/2 dx = .
−1 2n + 1
8. (Recurrence relations for Pn (x)) To show that

1. (n + 1)Pn+1 (x) = (2n + 1)xPn (x) − nPn−1 (x), n ≥ 1


0 0
2. nPn (x) = xPn (x) − Pn−1 (x)
0 0
3. (2n + 1)Pn (x) = Pn+1 (x) − Pn−1 (x)
0 0
4. (n + 1)Pn (x) = Pn+1 (x) − xPn (x)
0
5. (1 − x2 )Pn (x) = n(Pn−1 (x) − xPn (x))
0
6. (1 − x2 )Pn (x) = (n + 1)(xPn (x) − Pn+1 (x))
0
7. (2n + 1)(x2 − 1)Pn (x) = n(n + 1)(Pn+1 (x) − Pn−1 (x)) (Beltrami’s result)

9. Show that when n is an integer J−n (x) = (−1)n Jn (x)

10. Prove that


r r
2 2 2
a) J−1/2 (x) = cos(x) b) J1/2 (x) = sin(x) c) [J1/2 (x)]2 + [J−1/2 (x)]2 =
πx πx πx
11. Write the general solution of the following equations (in terms of Bessel functions)
00 0 00 0 9
a) x2 y + xy + (x2 − 25)y = 0 b) x2 y + xy + (x2 − )y = 0
16
12. (Recurrence relations for Jn (x)) To show that
d d  −n
{xn Jn (x)} = xn Jn−1 (x) x Jn (x) = −x−n Jn+1 (x)

a) b)
dx dx
0 0
c) Jn (x) = Jn−1 (x) − (n/x)Jn (x) d) Jn (x) = (n/x)Jn (x) − Jn+1 (x)
0
e) Jn−1 (x) + Jn+1 (x) = (2n/x)Jn (x) f) 2Jn (x) = Jn−1 (x) − Jn+1 (x)
Z
13. Evaluate x3 J3 (x)dx

Solution: Hint : from Recurrence relation 12(a) and 12(b)


Z
xn Jn−1 (x)dx = xn Jn (x) + c
Z
x−n Jn+1 (x)dx = −x−n Jn (x) + c

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