TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

ON

“Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams”

PRESENTED BY

Tejas D. Deshpande
B.E. (Chemical)

TATYASAHEB KORE INSTITUTE OF ENGG. AND TECHNOLOGY,

WARANANAGAR.
 Contents
1. Chemical Process Diagrams
2. Types of Chemical Process Diagrams
3. Introduction to P&ID
4. Purpose of P&ID
5. P&ID Symbology – Standards & Codes
6. Equipment Symbology
7. Piping Symbology
8. Instruments Symbology
9. P&ID Creation
10. Industrial Applications
11. Software & Sources
12. Conclusion
A Typical Chemical Plant
 Chemical Process Diagrams
(Flow sheets)
 Engineering drawings that defines the Chemical Process Steps in proper sequence Pictorially

 More elaborate diagrammatic representations of Equipments, Sequence of Operations, and

Performance of a Plant

 Necessary for clarity and to meet the needs of various persons engaged in Design, Cost
estimating, Purchasing, Fabrication, Operation, Maintenance and Management

 During plant design, for understanding the process requirements

 During Operations, forms a basis for comparison of operating performance with design

 Can be used by operating personnel for the preparation of operating manuals and training

Key documents in understanding Process, during Operation and Maintenance

 Types of Chemical Process Diagrams
Block Flow Diagram
 Block Flow Diagrams (BFDs)

 Process Flow Diagrams /Process Flowsheet (PFDs)

 Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)

 Utilities Flow Diagrams (UFDs)

Conceptual
Complexity Understanding
Increases Increases
 Introduction to P&ID
 Diagram in the process industry which shows the Piping of the process flow together with the
installed Equipment and Instrumentation

 Institute of Instrumentation and Control (UK) defines as-

“ A diagram which shows the interconnection of Piping, Process Equipment and the Instrumentation
used to control the process ”

 In simple words, Schematic representation of all Equipment, Piping and Process Instrumentation

 Provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and
operational investigations , such as HAZOP

 P&ID is used during most plant activities such as-

• Normal operating conditions
• Startup & Shutdowns “Piping & Instrumentation Diagram”
• Regular Maintenance
• Emergency Situations
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
P&ID can be divided into 3 parts:
• Equipment Specification

• Instrument Specification
• Piping specification

P&ID takes different form depending on:

• Nature of the Process
• Firm performing the design work
• Design Philosophy
• Intended Audience
 Purpose of P&ID
 To show –
 Material Flow
 Piping between various sections
 Major pieces of mechanical Equipments
 Valves and directions of process flow
 Field Mounted instruments
 Electrical Equipments
 Communication Links

 Not to show-
Process Information
Physical dimensions of equipment
Piping Details
Control Logic
 P&ID Symbology
Standards and Codes used in Instrumentation-
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)- All Products & Services
 American Petroleum Institute (API)- Oil & Natural Gas
 American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)- All Products & Services
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)-Pressure vessels & Pipes
 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)- Manufacturing Processes
 Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)- Rules and symbols for flow-sheet
 International Society of Automation (ISA)- Process control

ANSI/ISA-S5.01-2009
“ Goal of uniformity in the field of Instrumentation ”
 P&ID Symbol Contents
 Equipment Symbology
 Equipment Layout
 Equipment Identification & Numbering
 Nozzles
 Miscellaneous

 Piping Symbology
 Piping Layout
 Line Identification
 Line Continuation
 Piping Components
 Utility Piping
 Instrument Symbology
 Instrument Layout
 Instrument Identification
 Interconnecting Piping
 Instrument Piping
 Instrument Control
 Equipment Symbology
I) Equipment Layout
 Relative Shape
e.g. Spheres, Tanks, Columns, Pumps

 Relative Orientation
e.g. Horizontal, Vertical, Sloped

 Relative Position
Location relative to other equipment

 Relative Size
Size relative to other equipment

 Equipment Status
e.g. New, Existing, Relocated, Future, Vendor S.
II) Equipment Identification-1
a)Tag Prefix :
Shows type of the equipments
e.g. V- Storage tanks, P- Pump, FL- Filter ,CT- Cooling Tower

b) Tag Root Numeric :

Gives typical number to the equipment - Equipment Number
e.g. V-405, D-220

c) Tag Root Alphabetic:

When there are more than 1 equipment is used in single
operation then it is given by 1-5 alphabetic letters.
e.g. V-405.A, V-405.B
III)Equipment Identification-2
•Additional utilities used for its proper working are
represented by some additional symbols outside the
bubble.

• Equipment insulation and tracing is specified below

the equipment bubble.
Equipment Numbering
• Pipe specification to be used for piping trimming is
specified above the equipment bubble symbol. P-1234
P- Equipment Prefix
• Codes used to identify insulation, tracing and 1- Train number (optional)
piping trim should be the same as used on the piping 2- Major area
itself. 3- Major unit operation in that area
4- Equipment within the unit operation
 IV)Equipment Nozzles
• Nozzle identification is done by a nozzle box located
adjacent to the nozzle. It contains a unique name (tag) and
size.

• Nozzle tag shows for which purpose the nozzle is used.

e.g. A- Inlet, B- Outlet, L- Level Switch

• When there are more than 1 nozzles used for similar

application, numbers are allocated to nozzles of similar type.
e.g. L1, L2 - Level switches 1 & 2

• Number written below the nozzle tag inside the box shows
size of the nozzle.
e.g. In given case, size of the nozzle is 2 inches.
Nozzle Prefixes
V) Item Status VI) Clouding & Scope Box
N - New
E - Existing
R - To be Relocated
V - Vendor Supplied Packages Clouding
F - Future
M - To be Modified

Scope Box
 Piping Symbology
 Piping is shown schematically, in a logical sequence, not as it is actually piped in the field
 Piping specification differentiate between various piping systems
e.g. pigging line system, cooling jacket pipeline etc.
 The various piping parts are shown according to following category:
 Drains
 Vents
 Flush connections
 Steam and Air traps
 Reducers
 Relief devices
 Each pipeline will have a label that gives a unique identifier, size and piping specification code
 Piping corrections to equipment, and line terminations are shown as flanged or threaded
 Piping length and elevation, isometrics, and stress considerations are not shown
 Interconnecting Line types
Types of Connections:
 Main Line(Pipeline)
 Process Connections
 Pneumatic Signals
 Data Links
 Capillary Tubing
 Hydraulic Signals
 Electromagnetic /Sonic Signal
 Line Identification
 Line Identification consists of the following information:
• Service Designation - Type of fluid flowing through it

• Numeric Number - Pipe line no. from the drawing

• Pipe size – Outer diameter of the pipe

• Global Pipe Specification Code - MOC of pipe

• Tracing Codes - Type of tracing (if available)
• Insulation and Jacketing -Type of Insulation /Jackets
• CLD - Critical line descriptor
 Line Continuation
 In almost all processes in chemical plant, various materials
are transferred to different parts of the plant.

 In such cases, one P&ID sheet is not sufficient to show all

piping systems of that material spread in various parts of plant.

 We have to continue the pipeline flow in the next sheets also

 Line continuation symbols

 Line continuation symbols show piping connections between

different P&IDs.

 It helps to correlate the connections of some materials in

different processes within the plant.
 Piping Components
Utility Piping:
 Shown similar to the process piping in all respects
 Except continued to the margins of the process P&IDs
 Begins or terminates at a non-directional box shown on P&ID
 BOX- Name of the utility and Drawing no. of utility diagram
Miscellaneous Piping Items:
 All manual valves
 Self-contained regulating valve
 Rupture/Safety devices
 Drains
 Vents
 Flush connections
 Steam and Air traps
 Reducers /Expanders
Valves on Piping
 Instrument Symbology
 An instrument is a device that measures a physical quantity such as flow,
temperature, level, distance, pressure.

 Instrumentation is the use of measuring instruments to monitor and control

process.

 As a chemical plant has different processes occurring and we use instruments

for the following reasons:
 Reduce Variability
 Increase Efficiency
 Ensure Safety

 P&IDs shows all instruments present over the plant in various processes.

 Every instrument is identified and shown both schematically and symbolically

on the P&IDs.

 Instrument specifications give the particular type, service, range, and

manufacturer.
 Instrument Identification
1. Tag Prefixes: 1st Letter, 2nd Letter & 3rd Letter
2. Tag Number: P&ID number and Sequence
3. Tag Alphabetic: In case of Duplicate
4. Item Location:
 No Line  On Field
 Solid Line  In control Room Panel
 Dash Line  In control Room Behind panel
 Double Solid Line  On Remote Panel
 Double Dash Line  Behind Remote Panel
 Industry to P&ID

1 2

4 3
 Tag Symbols

Tag Prefixes Item Location

 Instrument Connections
 Welded, threaded or flanged in-line

 Welded or threaded instrument process tap

 Flanged instrument process tap

 Welded or threaded thermo well sensor or

sample probe

 Flanged thermo well sensor or sample probe

 Non-intrusive instrument element

e.g. Temperature, Pressure, Level Instruments
Instrument Control System
 Instrument Control System
 Instruments – To measure and record all process parameters
Instruments
 Transmitters- To produce an output signal often in the form of
electrical current signal

 Computerized controller – To monitor and control the Transmitters

parameters at PLC/DCS

 PLC/DCS – To interpret it to readable values and used to control

other devices and processes
Controller
 Computer devices play a significant role in both gathering the
information from the field and changing the field parameters
-KEY PARTS OF CONTROL LOOP
PLCPLC/DCS
 These devices are shown by some “ CPU I/O Symbols ”.
 CPU I/O Symbols

COD TYPE OF SIGNAL

45020 LOOP NUMBER
c311S I/O NUMBER

COMPUTER LOCATION
 P&ID Creation
(Global Project Methodology)
1. Genesis of P&ID
2. Stage Developments of P&ID
 Industrial Applications
The detailed design approach requires various departments to supply a great
deal of data with other. Listed are various fields that use P&IDs :
 Process Engineers

 Piping/Mechanical Engineers
 Electrical Engineers
 Instrumentation Engineers
 Structural/Civil Engineers
 Software and Sources
 AutoCAD P&ID
 AVEVA P&ID
 EPLANT
 SmartPlant
 Lucid Chart
 DesSoft
 Microsoft Visio
 Engineering Toolbox- Online Drawing
Conclusion
??