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Analogous System

The document compares and contrasts mechanical systems and electrical systems using analogy. It shows that: 1) Mechanical systems of mass, stiffness, and damping can be modeled as analogous electrical circuits using components like inductors, capacitors, and resistors. 2) Translational mechanical systems map to either force-voltage or force-current analogies in electrical domains. Rotational mechanical systems map to either torque-voltage or torque-current analogies. 3) Analogous electrical components represent mechanical properties - inductance replaces mass, capacitance replaces stiffness, and resistance replaces damping.

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Amit Goriyan
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325 views19 pages

Analogous System

The document compares and contrasts mechanical systems and electrical systems using analogy. It shows that: 1) Mechanical systems of mass, stiffness, and damping can be modeled as analogous electrical circuits using components like inductors, capacitors, and resistors. 2) Translational mechanical systems map to either force-voltage or force-current analogies in electrical domains. Rotational mechanical systems map to either torque-voltage or torque-current analogies. 3) Analogous electrical components represent mechanical properties - inductance replaces mass, capacitance replaces stiffness, and resistance replaces damping.

Uploaded by

Amit Goriyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analogous System

Mechanical and Electrical System Analogy


Mechanical System Electrical System

• F (t) = M x(t) + B x(t) +Kx(t) • E=L +R + q

Ф Ф
• T (t) = J ϴ(t) + B ϴ(t) +K ϴ(t) • I=C + + Ф
S.No Mechanical Electrical System S.N Mechanical Electrical System
Transitional System o Transitional
System
1 Force (F) Current (I)
1 Force (F) Voltage (E)
2 Mass (M) Capacitance (C)

2 Mass (M) Inductance (L) 3 Damping Coeff (B) Reciprocal of Resistance


(1/R) i.e Conductance (G)
3 Stiffness (K) , Reciprocal of capacitance 4 Stiffness (K) , Reciprocal of Inductance
Elastance (1/K) (1/C), Capacitance (C) Elastance (1/K) (1/L),Inductance (L)
4 Damping Coeff (B) Resistance (R)
5 Displacement (x) Flux linkage (φ)
5 Displacement (x) Charge (q)
6 Velocity (v) Voltage (E)

Force-
Force-Voltage Analogy Force-
Force-Current Analogy
S.N Mechanical Electrical System S.N Mechanical Rotational Electrical System
o Rotational System o System
1 Torque (T) Voltage (E)
1 Torque (T) Current (i)
2 Moment of Inductance (L)
Inertia (J) 2 Moment of Inertia (J) Capacitance (C)
3 Stiffness (K) , Reciprocal of capacitance 3 Stiffness (K) , Reciprocal of
Elastance (1/K) (1/C), Capacitance (C) Elastance (1/K) Inductance(1/L) ,
4 Damping Coeff (B) Resistance (R) Inductance (L)
4 Damping Coeff (B) Reciprocal of Resistance
5 Angular Charge (q) (1/R) i.e Conductance (G)
Displacement (θ) 5 Angular Displacement Flux linkage (φ)
6 Angular Velocity Current (i) (θ)
(ω)

Torque-
Torque-Voltage Analogy Torque-
Torque-Current Analogy
Force Voltage Analogy
• Each Junction in the mechanical system corresponds to a closed loop,
which consists of electrical excitation sources and passive elements
analogous to the mechanical driving sources and passive elements
connected to the junction.
• All points on a rigid mass are considered as the junction
Force Current Analogy
• Each junction in the mechanical system corresponds to a node which
joins electrical excitation sources and passive elements analogous to
the mechanical driving sources and passive elements connected to
the junction.
• All points on a rigid mass are considered as the same junction and
one terminal of the capacitance analogous to a mass is always
connected to the ground.
Examples of Analogy
Mechanical System Force Voltage (f-v) Analogy
Examples of Analogy
Mechanical System Force Voltage (f-v) Analogy
Examples of Analogy
Mechanical System Force Voltage (f-v) Analogy
Examples of Analogy
Mechanical System Force Current (f-i) Analogy
Examples of Analogy
Mechanical System Force Current (f-i) Analogy
Analysis of First order System

• The linear Systems are described by the differential equations. The


order of the system is defined by the order of the differential equations.
• If the system having first order differential equation then it is called first
order system.
• If the forcing function of the equation is zero then it is called
homogeneous equation.
• If equation having forcing function and it is independent variable then it
is called non homogeneous equation.
Consider a homogeneous equations
+a x = 0
The above equations solved as
= -a dt
= -a dt
ln x =-at + K’
Or ln x = ln +ln K
ln x = ln K
x=K
Consider a RC circuit as shown in fig
The equation can be written as
I R + vc = 0
Vc = q/c
I = = C Vc = C
Put the value of I in equation
RC + vc = 0 ; = - vc

Or =- 1. dt
vc
ln vc = -1/RC t +K

ln vc = ln ln vc = ln K

vc = K
K is the constant and can be determined by the initial conditions
Analysis of Second order System

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