Evaluating Properties
THERMO1
B Y: N E I L S T E P H E N L O P E Z
DLSU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A S R E F E R E N C E D F R O M F U N D A M E N TA L S O F E N G I N E E R I N G T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S B Y M . M O R A N
AND H. SHAPIRO
Triple Line
Example
For saturated water at 140°C, For compressed liquid at
determine the ffg: 220°C and 200 bar,
Pressure?
νf
determine the ffg:
νg ν
uf u
ug h
hf
For Superheated vapor at
hg
620°C and 60bar, determine
For Superheated vapor at 600°C
and 5bar, determine the ffg: the ffg:
ν ν
u h
h u
Example
A two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of H2O has a
temperature of 300°C and occupies a volume of 0.05m3.
The masses of saturated liquid and vapor present are
0.75kg and 2.26kg, respectively. Determine the specific
volume of the mixture, in m3/kg.
Example
A closed system consists of a two-phase liquid-vapor
mixture of H2O in equilibrium at 400°C. The quality of the
mixture is 20% and the mass of the liquid water present is
0.05 kg. Determine the mass of the vapor present, in kg,
and the total volume of the system, in m3.
Example
A closed, rigid container of volume 0.5m3 is placed on a hot
plate. Initially, the container holds a two-phase mixture of
saturated liquid water and saturated water vapor at p1 = 1
bar with a quality of 0.5. After heating, the pressure in
the container is p2 = 1.5 bar. Indicate the initial and final
states on a T-v diagram, and determine:
a) The temperature, in °C, at each state.
b) The mass of vapor present at each state, in kg.
c) If heating continued, determine the pressure, in bar,
when the container holds only saturated vapor.
Example
5 kg of H2O are contained in a closed rigid tank at an
initial pressure of 20 bar and a quality of 50%. Heat
transfer occurs until the tank contains only saturated
vapor. Determine the volume of the tank, in m3, and the
final pressure, in bar.
Example
Two thousand kg of water, initially a saturated liquid at
150°C, is heated in a closed, rigid tank to a final state
where the pressure is 2.5 MPa. Determine the final
temperature, in °C, the volume of the tank, in m3, and
sketch the process on T-v and p-v diagrams.
Example
A well-insulated rigid tank having a volume of 5m3
contains saturated water vapor at 100°C. The water is
rapidly stirred until the pressure is 2 bar. Determine the
temperature at the final state, in °C, and the work during
the process, in kJ.
Example
Water contained in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes
two processes in series from an initial state where the
pressure is 10-bar and the temperature is 400C.
Process 1-2: The water is cooled as it is scompressed at a
constant pressure of 10 bar to the saturated vapor state.
Process 2-3: The water is cooled at constant volume to
150C.
a) Sketch both processes on T-v and p-v diagrams
b) For the overall process determine the work, in kJ/kg
c) For the overall process determine the heat transfer, in kJ/kg
Example: Ideal Gas Model
A tank contains 0.042m3 of oxygen at 21C and 15 Mpa.
Determine the mass of oxygen, in kg, using the ideal gas
model.
Determine the temperature, in K, of nitrogen (N2) at 100
bar and a specific volume of 0.0045 m3/kg using the ideal
gas model.
Example: Process for Ideal Gas
1 kg of air undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of
three processes:
Process 1 to 2: constant specific volume
Process 2 to 3: constant temperature expansion
Process 3 to 1: constant pressure compression
At state 1, the temperature is 25°C, and the pressure is 100
kPa. At state 2, the pressure is 200 kPa. Employing the
ideal gas equation of state:
a) Sketch the cycle on p-v coordinates
b) Determine the temperature at state 2, in °C
c) Determine the specific volume at state 3, in m3/kg
Example: Using Ideal Gas Tables
A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 kg of air at a
temperature of 25C and a pressure of 100 kPa. The air is
compressed to a state where the temperature is 175C
and the pressure is 600 kPa. During the compression,
there is a heat transfer from the air to the surroundings
equal to 15 kJ. Using the ideal gas model for air,
determine the work during the process, in kJ.
Example: Polytropic Process for Ideal Gas
Air undergoes a polytropic compression in a piston-cylinder
assembly from p1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 20°C to P2 = 500 kPa.
Employing the ideal gas model, determine the work and heat
transfer per unit mass, in kJ/kg, if n = 1.3.
1.2kg Air undergoes polytropic expansion from P1=1.5 bar,
V1=0.66584 m3, to P2=1 bar, V2=1.2054 m3. Calculate the
amount of heat and work transfer if n=1.4.
1kJ of heat is transferred from the air inside a piston-cylinder
assembly to the surroundings in an expansion process (n=1.4).
The recorded initial and final volumes were 0.0136m3 and
0.0551m3, respectively. The final temperature was also
observed to be 400K. If the amount of work transfer was +6kJ,
determine the mass of air inside the system.
