COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Environmental Science &

Engineering
Presented by:
Michael John S. Delos Santos
MS CE,CE, MP

Prepared by:
Manny Anthony M. Taguba
MS EnE, SE, CE
Overview

1 Course Requirements

2 Introduction

3 Origin of Sustainability

4 Sustainable Development

5 Preventive Technology

6 Carrying capacity
 Environmental Science & Engineering

• 3rd TRIMERSTER A.Y. 2019-2020

• 4 CREDIT HOURS (per week)
• COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course provides an understanding of the principles and
concepts pertaining to ecosystems particularly on energy and tropic
systems and the relationships of organisms, and biogeochemical
cycles. It also provides theoretical concepts of freshwater ecology,
marine ecology, estuarine ecology, and terrestrial ecology including
disturbances, sources of hazards to ecosystem. The course presents
an overview of general engineering and scientific solutions to
alleviate the consequence of environmental degradation and attain
sustainable development.
Environmental Engineering
• COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
• Periodical Exam : 40%
• Class Standing : 60%
▪ Quiz/Research Project 60%
▪ Assignment/Seatwork 40%
➢ Final Rating = 50% Midterm Grade + 50% Final
Grade
➢ NOTE: Assessment Tasks (ATs) are all based 0.
➢ Passing Grade: 60
 References:
• Environmental Engineering by James Mihelcic& Beth
Zimmerman
• Principles of Environmental Engineering & Science by
Mackenzie Davis & Susan Masten
• Environment 7th Edition by Rave, Berg & Hassenzahl
• Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry &
Application by Cunningham
 Introduction
• By the time you finish reading this sentence, 10
people will be added to the population of the planet,
1,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide will be added to the
atmosphere, and 10 acres of land will be
deforested. Unless something dramatically changes
about the way humans interact with the world and
the products, processes, and systems we design,
we will end up exactly where we are headed – an
unsustainable future. (Envi’l Eng’g et.al Mihelcic &
Zimmerman)
 Introduction

All activities
All activities create
activities create residuals
create residuals which
which cause
cause
impacts
impacts on
impacts on the
on the environment
environment which which inin turn
turn
affect man,
man, animals,
affect man,
affect animals, plants
animals, plants and
and structures.
structures.
These
These effects
These effects
effects have
have
have economic
economic
economic as as
as well well as
social
social
and other
and andcosts.
other other
costs. costs.
ItIt is It is our
is our ability to beability to
able to
be
dealable
deal with to
with deal
these
these with these
residuals
residuals residuals
and the and
effects with
the environment
the effects withto
environment to the environment
determine how large to
determine
these cost
these how
cost are
are large
going
going these cost are going
to be.
to be.
to be.
 Introduction

Managing the environment wisely and

equitably requires balancing of a number of
conflicting interests.
It is not difficult to see that all of us are either
directly or indirectly polluters and all of us
share the disadvantages and clean up costs of
pollution-generating activities, although often
not in an equal and equitable manner.
 Introduction
• Engineers play a crucial role in
improving living standards
throughout the world. As a result,
engineers can have a significant
impact on progress towards
sustainable development.
➢ World Federation of Engineering Organizations
(2002)
Sustainability and the Tragedy of the Commons
• Garrett Hardin (1915 – 2003) was a professor of
human ecology at the University of California –
Sta.Barbara who wrote about human environmental
dilemmas.
➢ Author of classic essay “ The Tragedy of the
Commons” (Science, 1968) in which he contended
that our ability to solve many environmental
problems is the result of a struggle between the
short-term individual welfare and long term
environmental sustainability and social welfare.
Sustainability as a Global Issue
• United Nation Conference on the
Human Environment – held in
Stockholm (June 5 to 16, 1972).
Principle 2 – The natural resource of
the earth including air, water,.... and
representative samples of natural
ecosystems must be safeguarded for
the benefit of present and future
generations through careful planning
and management.
 Sustainability as a Global Issue
• Existing and Emerging Environmental Issues
Source: UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
1. Globalization, trade and development.
2. Coping w/ climate change and variablity.
3. Growth of megacities.
4. Human vulnerability to climate change.
5. Freshwater depletion and degradation.
6. Marine & coastal degradation.
7. Population growth.
8. Rising consumption in developing countries.
9. Biodiversity depletion.
10. Biosecurity.
 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDG)
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015, provides a shared
blueprint for peace and prosperity for people
and the planet, now and into the future.
• "blueprint to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all"
Sustainability as a Global Issue
• The Limits of Growth – an
influential book published in 1972
by the Club of Rome, a group of 30
individuals from 10 countries who
organized in 1968 to discuss the
present and future predicament of
the human race.
• “ the basic behavior mode of the world system
is exponential growth of population and capital,
followed by collapse”.
Sustainability as a Global Issue
• UN World Commission on
Environment (1987) – chaired by
Gro Brundtland, a former prime
minister of Norway, released Our
Common Future. This book is also
referred as the Brundtland
Commission.
• Sustainable Development is the “Development
that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs.”
Sustainable Development
• A society should manage its
economic growth in such a way as
to do no irreparable damage to its
environment.
• Sustainable development must
ultimately involve all sectors of the
economy and all peoples on earth.
• Added concerns on health and
environmental impacts, resource
and energy conservation, waste
management and social impacts
 Sustainability as a Global Issue
• UNCED / Earth Summit (June 1992) – held in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, was the first global conference to
specifically adddress the environment.
• Agenda 21 – set forth goals and recommendations
related to environmental, economic, and social issues.
• UN Commission on Sustainable development to
oversee the implementation of Agenda 21.
 Sustainability as a Global Issue
• Philippine Agenda 21 – is part of the country's
response to fulfill its commitments in the historic Earth
Summit in 1992 where government and key sectors of
society agreed to implement an action agenda for
sustainable development, known as the Agenda 21.
• Within 3 months after the UNCED, The Philippine Council for
Sustainable Development (PCSD) was created in order to chart
environment and sustainable development (SD) initiatives in the
country.
Philippine Agenda 21 seeks to answer four questions:
• Where are we now?
• What is sustainable development?
• Where do we want to go?
• How do we get there?
 Sustainable Engineering
• Sustainable Engineering is defined as the
design of human and industrial systems to
ensure that humankind’s use of natural
resources and cycles do not lead to diminshed
quality of life due either to losses in future
economic opportunities or to adverse impacts
on social conditions, human health, and the
environment. (Mihelcic et al., 2003)
 Preventive Technology
• Treatment of wastes at the end of industrial
production streams, or for municipal effluents is often
referred to as end of pipe or after the fact treatment.
– End-of-pipe treatment has been the primary philosophy of
pollution control for the past 20 years.
• Objections to traditional approach, by those who favor
and found a preventive strategy.
• Preventive technology refers to any system,
alternative or technology designed to reduce the
environmental effects of processes, operations
and products.
• How processes, operations, and products of the
industrial system can de redesigned or adjusted so as
to avoid or minimize the production of the wastes?
 Preventive Technology
• Benefits:
– Reduction in energy and maintenance costs
– Reduction or elimination of pollution control costs
– Reduced need for occupational health and safety measures
– Because of cleaner production processes, reductions in the
risks flowing from accidental spills or discharges
– Improved worker morale as they take pride in their “green”
products
– Better acceptance by consumers of “green” products
– Can help reduce a nation’s expenses, such as health care and
environmental costs, thus reducing deficits and tax loads.
Carrying Capacity
A number of factors in the
environment, such as
food, oxygen supply,
diseases, predators, and
space, determine the
number of organisms that
can survive in a given area
– the carrying capacity of
that area. The
environmental factors
that limit populations are
known collectively as
environmental
resistance.
 Carrying Capacity

▪ Carrying capacity – the limit of the

natural environment to withstand uses
such as harvesting, extraction and waste
disposal.
▪ Carrying capacity refers to the upper limit
to population or community size imposed
through environmental resistance.
 Environmental Science
• When you see the term
environment, what do
you think of?
• What is Environmental
Science?
 Environmental Science
• Environmental science, interdisciplinary academic
field that draws on ecology, geology, meteorology,
biology, chemistry, engineering and physics to study
environmental problems and human impacts on the
environment (Encyclopedia Britannica).
• Environmental science- an interdisciplinary academic
field that integrates physical, biological
and information sciences to the study of the
environment, and the solution of environmental
problems.
 Title
• The Environmental Eng’g Division of the American
Society of Civil Engrs (ASCE) has published the
following statement:
– Environmental Engineering is manifest by sound
engineering thought and practice in the solution of
problems of environmental sanitation, notably in the
provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water
supplies; the proper disposal of or recycle of
wastewater and solid wastes; the adequate drainage
of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation; and the
control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution, and
the social and environmental impact of these
solutions.
 Assignment (Due next meeting)
1. “Poor nations can not afford the
luxury of environmental control”.
Discuss.
2. Explain your interpretation of
“sustainable development” as it
might apply to: (a) world
population growth and (b) thriving
agricultural area.
3. Select an industry where
preventive technology could be
used and list some benefits that
the industry might realize.
 Assignment (Due next Wednesday)

4. Define the following:

▪ Ecology
▪ Ecosystem
▪ Community and Population
▪ Biome
5. Differentiate Habitat and Niche
6. Explain the difference/s between
Biotic and Abiotic factors.
7. What are the existing Biomes on
Earth? Give specific locations.