Introduction To Human Computer Interaction
Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive
computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding
them.
is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.
is characterized as a dialogue or interchange between the human and the computer
because the output of one serves as the input for the other in an exchange of actions
and intentions.
HCI tackles questions concerning how people interact with computers
Are computers intuitive or complicated?
Are computers rewarding or frustrating?
How can computers be made accessible to everybody (e.g. different physical abilities,
different languages etc.)?
To what level can computer interaction be standardized?
What does it mean to be “user-friendly”?
Why do we need to understand humans?
interacting with technology is cognitive.
Human cognition process is involved when interacting with system, like attention,
perception and recognition, memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving and decision
making.
Need to take into account cognitive processes involved and cognitive limitations of
users.
Provides knowledge about what users can and cannot be expected to do.
Identifies and explains the nature and causes of problems users encounter.
Supply theories, modeling tools, guidance and methods that can lead to the design of
better interactive products.
Must consider what are users good and bad at?
THE HUMAN – The user of Human Computer Interaction is whoever using technology to try
to get the job done. The public or the user of HCI could be considered as the user of systems.
THE COMPUTER – A computer is a device used for general purpose and it carry out several
arithmetic and logical operation with the human help.
THE INTERACTION – The major component in Human Computer Interaction is interaction
between man and machine. Normally human interact with other human through speech. At the
same time they support their expression with somebody gestures, emotions, and certain
expressions.
3 COMPONENTS OF HCI:
Human
Computer
Interaction
HCI, as the name suggest, comprises three major parts within the framework: the user,
the computer, and the interaction, indicates the ways they work together to achieve
goals.
HCI Components: Human
Computing Unit: Brain
Input: sensory systems
Output: controls by voice, hand, body
Memory: (long term and short term)
HCI Components: Computer
Computing Unit: Brain
Input
Output
Storage (Primary and Secondary)
o Monitor
o Keyboard
o Mouse
o Controller
o Case
o RAM
o Power Supply
o Mainboard
o Sound Card
o Hard Disk
o VGA Card
o WIFI PCI Card
o Reader All In One
o CPU
o Fan
o DVD ROM Drive
o Speaker
o Computer Cable
o Webcam
User Interaction – User Interaction typically involves doing something, then often
“transitioning” to do something else, and so on until accomplishing the goal.
Event – Is an action or occurrence recognized by software, often originating asynchronously
from the external environment, that may be handled by the software.
Event Handling – Event Handling is the mechanism that controls the event and decides what
should happen if an event occurs.
Output – Data generated by a computer is referred to as output. This includes data produced
at a software level, such as the result of a calculation, or at a physical level, such as a printed
document.
Event Driven Programming (EDP) – is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the
program is determined by evets such as user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor
outputs, or messages from other programs or threats.
HCI Components: Interaction
User Interaction
Event
Event Handling
Output
EDP: Event Driven Programming
What is an Interface?
Interface is made up of a set of hardware devices and software tools from the computer
side a system of sensory, motor and cognitive process from the human side.
Interaction takes place at the Interface.
User Interface (UI)
User interfaces mediate the interaction (dialog) between humans and computers.
The User Interface today is often one of the most critical factors regarding the success
or failure of a computer system.
A good UI design…
Increases efficiency
Improves productivity
Reduces errors
Reduces trainings
Improves acceptance
Donald Norman’s model of Interaction
user establishes the goal
formulates intention
specifies actions at interface
executes action
perceives system state
interpret system state
evaluates system state with respect to goal
Gulf of Execution
The observer
1. Forming the goal
2. Forming the interaction
3. Specifying the action
4. Executing the action
The World
5. Perceiving the state of the World
6. Interpreting the state of the World
7. Evaluating the outcome
HCI Hardware: Keyboard
QWERTY
AZERTY
Dvorak
Alphabetic order
Maltron
Colemak
HCI Hardware: Locators
Relative Devices
o mice
o trackballs
o joysticks
o controller
o steering wheel
Absolute Devices
o tablets
o touchscreen
o Kinect
o Leap Motion
Direct Devices
o lightpens
o Kinect
o Leap Motion
o touchscreen
Discrete Devices
o control keys
HCI Hardware: 3D Interaction Devices
Joystick with shaft that twist on a third dimension
Kinect 3D Camera
Leap Motion
Gyroscope Sensors
Virtual Reality
o Gear VR
o Oculus Rift
Polhemus 3D sensor
Data Glove
HCI Hardware: Valuators
Bounded
o volume control
Unbounded
o clock
o dial
Choice Devices
o function
o foot switches
Haptic Devices
o pressure sensitive stylus
o force feedback controls
Three Types of HIC
CUI : Command Line Interface
GUI : Graphical User Interface
NUI: Natural User Interface with A/V
Command Line Interface (CLI) – is a text-based user interface (UI) used to view and
manage compute files. Command line Interfaces are also called Command-line User Interfaces,
Console User Interfaces and Character User Interfaces.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) – is a visual way of interacting with a computer using items
such as windows, icons, and menus, used by most modern operating systems.
Natural User Interface (NUI) – is a type of user interface that is designed to feel as natural
as possible to the user. The goal of an NUI is to create seamless interaction between the human
and machine, making the interaction itself seem to disappear.
# Task of HCI:
Design
Implementation
Evaluation
The primary goal of Human Computer Interaction is to improve the interactions
between users and computers.
It makes computers more operational and receptive to the user’s wants. Human
computer Interaction develops or improves certain goals in designing devices.
Five important goals are:
Safety
Utility
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Usability
