The man in

different parts
of the world

Valeria Caicedo Sanchez

Mariana Espitia Jose David Campo

Grade 10
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CONTENT:
. Problems and characteristics of
different countries:

- Germany … Page 2 - 10
- Russia … Page 11 - 14
- Canada … Page 15 - 19
- France … Page 20 – 24
- Brazil … Page 24 – 25
- Japan … Page 26 – 27
- Argentina … Page 28 - 30
- Main problems
in France, Italy and … Page 31
China
- Alphabet soup … Page 32 – 33
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Virtual magazine

Germany
It is a Central European country, member of the European Union, constituted in a social
and democratic State of law and whose form of government is the parliamentary and
federal republic. Its capital is Berlin. After World War II, when Nazi Germany was
defeated by the Allies, Germany was divided into two separate states along the Allied lines
of occupation in 1949; The resulting states were the Federal Republic of Germany and the
German Democratic Republic, which were reunified in 1990. It is the fourth largest
economy in terms of nominal GDP, the first in Europe, and was the largest merchandise
exporter in the world in 2007. In absolute terms, it allocates the third largest annual
development aid budget in the world, while its military spending ranked ninth in the world
in 2012. The country has developed a high standard of living and established a
comprehensive social security system.

Geography:
Its population is the second largest in Europe (after European Russia), and is the seventh
country by area. Its territory covers 357,022 km², consisting of 348,672 km² of land and
8,350 km² of water. The terrain ranges from the high peaks of the Alps in the south, where
the highest elevation is the Zugspitze at 2963 m, to the lowlands adjacent to the shores of
 3
the Baltic and North Seas. In the center of the country are the forest highlands and to the
southwest the Black Forest. It does not have overseas territories.
Some of its most important rivers are: the Rhine, the Elbe, the Danube river and the Main.
Among the lakes, those of Constanza and Müritz stand out.

Environmental characteristics:
Weather:
Most of Germany has a temperate climate dominated by westerly winds. The climate is
moderated by the North Atlantic Current, which is the northern extension of the Gulf
Stream. This warming of water affects the areas that border the North Sea including the
Jutland peninsula and the area along the Rhine, which flows into the North Sea.
Consequently, in the northwest and north, the climate is oceanic, rainfall occurs throughout
the year with a maximum during the summer. Winters are cold with temperatures between
–15 to 0 ° C and summers tend to be cool, with maximum temperatures between 20 and 24
° C and minimum between 6 and 16 ° C for long periods. In the east, the climate is more
continental, winters can be very cold with temperatures between –15 to –1 ° C, summers
can be warmer with temperatures between 21 and 26 ° C, so long periods are often recorded
dry periods. The central and southern parts are transition regions that vary from moderate to
hot climate. Once again, the maximum temperature can exceed 30 ° C in summer. The
highest recorded temperature was 41 ° C in Munich and Bavaria in 2003 while the lowest
recorded temperature is –53 ° C in dortmund and Frankfurt in 1965.
 4

Fauna and Flora:

Most mammals live in forests where animals such as roe deer, red deer, wild boar, red fox,
European fallow deer and many mustelids can be found. Beavers and otters are increasingly
rareinhabitants of rivers.
Other large mammals that once lived in Central Europe were exterminated, such as the uro,
the brown bear, the elk, the wild horse, the European bison and the wolf. Recently some
moose and wolves have migrated from Poland and the Czech Republic looking for better
provisions but in the case of the wolf and bear reestablishment it is very problematic due to
the bad reputation of these animals among the population.
The golden eagle is found only in the Alps in the Bavarian area and the bearded vulture that
was once in this area was exterminated. The most frequent prey raptors are the common
buzzard and the common kestrel, unlike the peregrine falcon which is less numerous.
As the country is in an area with a temperate climate, its flora is characterized by extensive
wood and coniferous forests. The wide existing wood is mainly from red beech. In addition,
other trees such as oak, birch or pine are common. Large areas of flora such as the alpine
(Bavarian Alps) or the subalpine (Black Forest or Harz) stand out.
Currently 29.5 percent of the state surface is forested. This makes it one of the richest forest
countries in the European Union. Among the plants the white-flowered acacia has a great
acceptance in the population, its presence being common. There is also a growing interest
in the production of beekeeping flora and mainly cereals (barley, oats, rye, wheat), potatoes
and corn. In the valleys next to the river, among others the Moselle, the Ahr and the Rhine,
the landscape was reformed for the production of wine.
 5

Environment:
It has the highest carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (in 2014 it emitted
almost 23% of the continent's total CO2 emissions). In 2018 emissions per capita were 9.2
in tCO2, almost double that of France (4.96 tCO2 per capita) and much higher than those of
Spain (5.9 t tCO2 per capita). Much of its electrical energy comes from coal (it has 7 of the
10 most polluting coal plants in Europe) that use lignite and to extract it, one of the largest
primary forests in Europe is being destroyed.
Germany has signed several treaties to promote biological diversity, under emission
standards, recycling, the use of renewable energy and supports sustainable development
worldwide. However, between 1990 and 2017, Germany lost 75% of its flying insects.
Pollution of sewage in the Baltic Sea and industrial tributaries of rivers in former East
Germany have been reduced.

Infrastructure:

Transport:
The country has fast communication routes (autobahnen) that total about 12,000 km,
covering the entire territory. It also has more than 40,000 km of roads, making it the
country with the highest density of roads for vehicles. All of the country's highways are
free for private vehicles; Starting in 2005, cargo trucks must pay a toll that is automatically
discounted via satellite, once the truck leaves the route, and which is proportional to the
number of kilometers traveled.
 6
Germany is also a world leader in canal construction. Cities like Freiburg imBreisgau have
modern facilities for the use of solar energy. Large industrial regions, such as the Ruhr area,
the Rhineland region or the colony, have developed an economic dynamism that maintains
their industrial base and has also been able to implement itself in the area of services.

Media:
Germany is the largest television market in Europe, with some 34 million households
having television. The numerous regional and national public channels are organized
according to the federal political structure. About 90% of German households have cable or
satellite television, and viewers can choose from a variety of free public access and
commercial channels.
Regarding demographics:
With more than 82 million inhabitants, it is the most populous country in the European
Union. However, its fertility rate of 1.40 children per mother is one of the lowest in the
world, and the federal statistical office estimates that the population will drop to between
69 and 74 million in 2050 (69 million assuming migration net of + 100,000 per year, 74
million assuming a net migration of + 200,000 per year). Germany has a number of large
cities, with Berlin being the most populous, yet the largest urban agglomeration is the rin-
ruhr region.

Languages:
German is the official and main language spoken in Germany. It is one of the 23 official
languages in the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European
Commission, along with English and French. In addition there are other minority languages
that are recognized as native: Danish, Romani and Frisian. These are officially protected by
ECRML. The most widely used foreign languages in the country are Turkish, Polish, the
languages of the Balkan Peninsula and Russian.

Religion:
Christianity is the majority religion, with 48 million followers (61%). The second most
widespread is Islam, with 4 million followers (5%), followed by Buddhism and Judaism,
both with about 200,000 followers (0.25%). Hinduism has about 90,000 adherents (0.1%).
All other religious communities have less than 50,000 (or less than 0.05%) adherents.
About 19.9-24 million Germans (25-33%) have not registered a religious denomination.
Protestantism is concentrated in the north and east, and Catholicism is concentrated in the
south and west. Each of them comprises about 29% of the population; 1.7% of the total
population declare themselves Orthodox Christians, among them the Serbs, the Russians
 7
and the Greeks are the most numerous. The emeritus pope, Benedict XVI, was born in
Bavaria.

Cultural:
The country is often called Das Land der Dichter und Denker (the land of poets and
thinkers). German culture began long before the emergence of Germany as a nation-state
and encompassed the entire German-speaking area. From its roots, culture in Germany has
been shaped by the main intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and
secular. As a result, it is difficult to identify a certain German tradition separate from the
broader framework of European high culture. Another consequence of these circumstances
is the fact that some historical figures, such as wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Nicholas
Copernicus,among others, although they were not citizens of Germany in the modern sense,
they must be considered in the context of the German cultural sphere to understand their
work.
Germany has been home to some of the most outstanding researchers in different scientific
fields. Thus, nearly 100 Germans (of nationality or origin) have been awarded the Nobel
Prize.

Music:
Some of the most renowned composers of European classical music have been developed
in Germany, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg friedrich, ludwing van Beethoven,
etc. As of 2006, Germany is the fifth music market in the world and has influenced music,
becoming a pioneer in some genres such as electronic music, industrial metal, pop, rock,
through artists such as modern talking, rammstein, lacrimosa, scorpions, etc.

Architecture:
 8
Germany has experienced throughout its history the influence of different architectural
styles that have been incorporated and adapted to regional tastes. Among the German
contributions, the Carolingian and Ottonian styles stand out, which were important
precursors of the romantic. The region later became the site of important works in styles
such as Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque.

Gastronomy:
German cuisine varies greatly from region to region. The southern regions of Bavaria and
Swabia, for example, share a culinary culture with Switzerland and Austria. Pork, beef, and
poultry are the main varieties of meat consumed, with pork being the most popular.
Throughout all regions, meat is often eaten in the form of sausage. More than 1500
different types of sausages are produced in the country. So-called organic foods have
gained a market share of around 3.0% and this is expected to be a growing trend.
Breakfast is usually a selection of cereal and honey or jam with bread. Some Germans eat
cold cuts, eggs and / or cheese with bread for breakfast. More than 300 types of bread are
known throughout the country. Being a country of immigrants, it has adopted many
international dishes. Italian dishes like pizza and pasta, or Turks and Arabs like kebab are
well established, especially in large cities. Chinese and Greek restaurants are also
considerably widespread.
Although wine is becoming increasingly popular in many parts of Germany, the national
drink is beer. Consumption of beer per person in the country is decreasing, but at 116 liters
per year it is still among the highest in the world. Of 18 Western countries surveyed, per
capita consumption of soft drinks turned out to be below average, while consumption of
fruit juice is one of the highest

Society:
Economic criteria, the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, its citizens and its
tourist attraction were taken into account.
Germany is both legally and culturally a tolerant country for homosexuals. On June 30,
2017, gay marriage was approved, with the votes in favor of the Social Democratic Party,
The Greens and the Left. Gays and lesbians can legally adopt their partner's children.
During the last decade of the 20th century, Germany considerably changed its attitude
towards immigrants. Despite the fact that approximately 10% of the population was
foreign, until the mid-1990s, public opinion was that Germany was not a country of
immigration. However, asylum laws were tightened considerably in that decade to prevent
abuse.
The Germans invested € 58 billion in international travel in 2005, making them world
champions in travel. The most popular destinations were Austria, Spain, Italy and France.
 9

Sport:
The participation of Germany in the Olympic Games has been one of the most outstanding
since this event is held. The country organized two summer editions in Berlin 1936, one in
Munich 1972 and one winter in Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936.
Germany won the majority of the gold medals and total medals during the 1936 Berlin
Olympics and Turin 2006 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City 2002, Nagano 1998, Albertville
1992 and as East Germany in Sarajevo 1984.
The German Olympic Sports Federation (DOSB) has more than 27 million members.
According to data from this organization, approximately a third of the country's population
practices sports through a club or association in one of the more than 200,000 sports
facilities that exist in the territory and in the 2,400 clubs in the country. . For its part, the
German Football Federation (DFB) has more than 26,000 clubs, totaling 6 million
members, the largest membership of any sports federation in the world.
The German soccer team has won four World CupsFurthermore, the country hosted the
1974 and 2006 world championships. On July 2, 2017, the German team was crowned
champion of the FIFA Confederations Cup for the first time, this being the last trophy
missing from their ranks. The national league, (known as the bundesliga) is considered one
of the 10 best leagues in the world.
Its main attractions are:
-Beer
-transport
-your celebrations
-your bureaucracy
- its constructions

Problems:

The problem is rather that the Europeans, the Germans in particular, treat themselves badly,
as they have a ruinous obsession with public debt. And the costs of that obsession affect the
world at large.
Some background: Around 2010, politicians and critics on both sides of the Atlantic caught
an ugly austerity virus. Some even lost interest in fighting unemployment, even though it
remained catastrophically high, and rather demanded spending cuts. Furthermore, these
 10
cuts in spending, unprecedented in a weak economy, slowed the recovery and delayed the
return of full employment.
However, while debt scaremongering reigned in both the United States and Europe, it
became clear that there was a fundamental difference in the underlying reasons. Our deficit
watchers were, in effect, hypocrites who lost all interest in the debt as soon as a Republican
reached the White House. The Germans, on the other hand, were serious.
True, Germany forced the southern European nations that were in distress due to their debt
to make punitive spending cuts that hit society, but it also imposed a large dose of austerity
on itself. Academic economists say governments should run deficits when there is high
unemployment, but Germany essentially cut its deficit in 2012, when unemployment in the
euro area was above 11%, and then the surplus began to grow more and more public.
Why is a problem? Because Europe suffers from a chronic shortage of private demand:
consumers and corporations don't seem to want to spend enough to keep full employment.
The causes of this shortage are the subject of much debate, although the alleged culprit is
demographics: low fertility has left Europe with a decline in the number of adults in their
most productive working years, which translates into low demand for new homes, new
office buildings, and so on.
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Russia
It is the largest country in the world. The Russian Federation has an area of 17,098,242
km², equivalent to one ninth of the planet's mainland, and with a great variety of relief and
ecosystems. Its capital is the federal city of Moscow.
The form of government is the semi-presidential republic, made up of eighty-five federal
subjects, and it is the ninth country with the largest population in the world, having 146 904
396 inhabitants. It occupies all of North Asia and around 40% of Europe (mainly Eastern
Europe) and is also a transcontinental country. There are eleven time zones in Russia, from
UTC + 2 to UTC + 12. Russia has the world's largest untapped reserves of energy and
mineral resources, and is considered the largest energy superpower. It has the largest forest
resource reserves and a quarter of the world's unfrozen fresh water.
Russia is the country with the largest number of countries, a total of sixteen, and the one
with the longest borders.

Geography:
The Russian Federation stretches across most of the northern supercontinent Eurasia so
there are a wide variety of landscapes and climates. Most of the landscape consists of huge
plains, on both the European and Asian sides which are widely known as Siberia. These
plains are predominantly steppe to the south and dense woodland to the north, with the
tundra along the north coast. Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as
the Caucasus (containing Mount Elbrús, the highest point in Russia at 5642 m) and the
Altai, and in the eastern part, such as the Verkhoyansk Mountain Range or the volcanoes on
 12
Kamchatka. Notable are the Ural Mountains in the central part which are the main division
between Europe and Asia.
Russia has an extensive coastline of 37,653 kilometers that stretches across the Arctic and
Pacific Oceans,
The main islands of Russia are located in the archipelagos of Nueva Zembla, Land of
Francisco Jose, New Siberian Islands and Kuril Islands, in addition to Wrangel Island and
Sakhalin Island.

Environmental characteristics:
Weather:
In Russia there is a great variety of climates, however, in general terms, the continental
climate is considered to be predominant, characterized by great thermal variability, with
predominantly tundra, taiga and steppe biomes. The area that corresponds to the Caucasus
has a temperate climate. In Siberia, summers are hot, with temperatures up to 30 ° C and
humidity, and freezing winters, with world records in oimiakon of −71.2 ° C. The
precipitations, commonly, are low, except in the form of snow.

Demography:
Russia has the largest natural gas reserves in the world, the second largest coal reserves and
the eighth largest oil reserves. It is the number one exporter of natural gas and the number
two exporter of oil, natural gas, metals and wood make up 80% of Russia's exports.
However, since 2003, exports of natural resources began to decrease in importance for the
economy, as the market strengthened considerably. The resident population of the Russian
Federation on January 1, 2010 was 142 million people. In 2007 the population decreased by
237,800 people, or 0.17% (in 2006 - by 532,600 people, or 0.37%). Immigration grew by
 13
50.2% in 2007 to 274,000. Most of the immigrants came from the CIS and were Russian or
Russian-speaking. Furthermore there are an estimated 10 million illegal immigrants from
the former Soviet republics in Russia. The Russian Federation is a diverse and multi-ethnic
society, home to 160 different ethnic groups and indigenous peoples. Although the
population of Russia is relatively large, the population density is low due to the enormous
size of the country.

Culture:
Languages:
Russia's 160 ethnic groups speak in about 100 languages. According to the 2002 census,
142.6 million people speak Russian, followed by Tatar with 5.3 million and German with
2.9 million. Russian is the only official language at the state level, but the Constitution
grants the republics of Russia the right to declare their native language as co-official
alongside Russian. Despite the spread, the Russian language is homogeneous in Russia.
Russian is one of the most widely used languages in Eurasia and the most widely spoken
Slavic language

Religion:
50.6% of adults consider themselves a member of the Russian Orthodox Church, while
43.3% consider themselves simply Christian. Although Russian Orthodox are predominant,
other Christian communities such as Armenian Orthodox, Catholics, Protestants, Mormons,
and Jehovah's Witnesses also exist in smaller numbers. Under a 1997 religion law, the four
traditional Russian religions are the Russian Orthodox Church, Islam, Buddhism, and
Judaism. All other religions must meet a series of requirements for registration and the right
to preach. It is estimated that there are around 15 million Russian Muslims, making Islam
the second religion with the most adherents in Russia.
 14

Music:
The music that stands out the most is classical music and ballet. Russia's numerous ethnic
groups have their characteristic traditions in folk music.

Sport:
Winter sports are the most popular in Russia. Ice skating and ice hockey are very popular as
leisure sports and as spectator sports. The Russian ice hockey team won the world
championship in 2008, while the Continental Hockey League has expanded to several
countries in Eastern Europe. In figure skating Russia has such outstanding athletes as
Yevgueni Pliúsh chenko. Cross country skiing was very popular as a leisure sport during
the Soviet era, although its popularity has decreased in recent years.
Among other sports, athletics is very popular, in almost all its facets. Maria Sharápova,
Marat Safin and Yevgueni Káfelnikov (in tennis) have stood out in tennis, having achieved
first place in the world ranking. In gymnastics Alekséi Nemov, Aliyá Mustáfina and
Svetlana Jórkina stand out, who have achieved gold, silver and bronze medals in different
gymnastic competitions, including in the Olympic Games.
The Russian team is considered to be the official successor of the Soviet Union team, so all
the achievements made by that nation are officially inherited for Russia.

Main features:
-Matrioshka or mamushka doll
-vodka
-the Red Square
-variety of objects representative of wars, protruding Soviet tanks
-your flashy dances
-the weather

Main problems:
-Rising poverty is cracking the
popularity of the President in Siberia
- the reforms that generate discontent
-The fight against alcohol
 15
Canada
It is a sovereign country in North America, whose form of government is the federal
parliamentary monarchy. Its territory is organized in ten provinces and three territories. Its
capital is the city of Ottawa and the most populated city is Toronto.
Located in the extreme north of the North American subcontinent, it stretches from the
Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and north to the Arctic Ocean. It
shares a border with the United States to the south, and to the northwest with its federal
state Alaska. It is the second largest country in the world after Russia, and also the
northernmost. It occupies about half of the territory of North America. Due to its climate, it
is one of the 15 countries with the lowest population density in the world, with
approximately 4 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Canada is an industrially and technologically pioneering and advanced nation, widely self-
sufficient in energy thanks to its relatively extensive fossil fuel depots and extensive
generation of nuclear and hydroelectric power. Being one of the most developed countries,
it has a diversified economy, which makes it independent due to its large deposits and
abundant natural resources as well as trade, particularly with the United States and Mexico.

Geography and climate:

Canada occupies much of northern North America, sharing its land borders with the
contiguous United States to the south and with the state and territory of Alaska to the
northwest, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west;
To the north it borders the Arctic Ocean. For its total area (including its waters), it is the
second largest country in the world, after Russia. For its land area, it ranks fourth (land area
is the total area minus the area of lakes and rivers).
Since 1925, Canada claims the Arctic region between the 60 ° W and 141 ° W meridians,
but this claim is not universally recognized. The northernmost settlement in the country
 16
(and in the world) is the FC Alert Station, located at the northern tip of Ellesmere Island at
82.5 ° N, just 817 kilometers from the North Pole. Much of the Canadian Arctic is covered
in ice and permafrost. It is also the country with the longest coastline in the world: 202,080
kilometers.
The population density of 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometer is among the lowest in the
world. The most densely populated part of the country is the Quebec City area and the
Windsor Corridor, (located in southern Quebec and Ontario) on the banks of the Great
Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River.
Average winter and summer temperatures vary by location. Winters can be harsh in many
regions of the country, especially in the interior provinces and in the prairies, where a
continental climate is experienced, with average daily temperatures of -15 ° C, but can
reach below -40 ° C . In landlocked regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six
months (further north). The British Columbia coast enjoys a temperate climate, with a
warmer but rainier winter. On the east and west coasts, average temperatures generally do
not exceed 20 ° C, while between coasts, the maximum average temperature in summer
ranges between 25 and 30 ° C, with occasional heat waves inland exceeding 40 ° C. Canada
is also geologically active, as potentially active earthquakes and volcanoes occur in the
country, such as Mount Meager, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley and the Mount Edziza
volcanic complex.

Environmental characteristics:
Flora and fauna:
The country has a varied topography and important climatic differences, which provides a
very diverse flora and fauna. A good part of the Canadian territory is covered by forests of
timber trees, where pine, cedar and maple stand out; There are also territories dominated by
wide meadows. The fauna is very similar to that of northern Europe and Asia, so bears,
 17
wolves, coyotes, cougars, among other carnivorous animals can be found. In the arctic
regions the fauna is typical of the tundra and a great variety of seals, whales and polar bears
inhabit it, while mosses and lichens predominate in the flora. Beavers, porcupines, moles
and numerous rodents can be seen in some regions. Some areas of Canada are also the
habitat of antelopes, reindeer and elk.

Social characteristics:

Demography:
An estimate for April 2016 calculated the total population of Canada at 36 155 487
inhabitants, an increase of 0.3% compared to the previous quarter. Population growth is
mainly due to immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth.
According to the 2006 census, the largest ethnic group is Anglo-Canadians (21%), followed
by French-Canadians (15.8%), Scots (15.2%), Irish (13.9%), Germans (10.2%), Italians
(5%), Chinese (3.9%), Ukrainians (3.6%) and descendants of the First Nations (3.5%).
Canada's Aboriginal population is growing at almost double the national rate, and in the
2006 census 3.8% of Canadians surveyed stated that they were of indigenous origin.
Another 16.2% of the population belonged to visible minorities of foreign origin.

Religion:
Although the country's constitution does not establish any official state religion, religious
pluralism is an important part of Canada's political culture. According to the 2011 census,
67.3% of Canadians identify themselves as Christian (they represented 77.1% in 2001); of
these, Catholics make up the largest group
 18

Language:
Canada's two official languages are English and French. Official bilingualism is defined in
the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Law on Official Languages and the
Official Language Regulations, both of which are applied by the Commissioner of Official
Languages. English and French have equal status in federal courts, in parliament, and in all
federal institutions. Canadian citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to
receive federal government services in English or French, and the official languages of
minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories.
English and French are the mother tongues of 59.7% and 23.2% of the population,
respectively, and the languages most widely spoken at home by 68.3% and 22.3% of the
population, respectively. . 98.5% of Canadians speak English or French (67.5% only speak
English, 13.3% only speak French and 17.7% both

Cultural characteristics:
Canadian culture has historically been influenced by the traditions and customs of the
British, French, and indigenous cultures. Throughout the national territory, various forms of
distinctive cultural, linguistic, artistic and musical expressions of each region can be found.
Canoes, snowshoes, toboggan runs, lacrosse, tug-of-war, maple syrup, and tobacco are
examples of these products, inventions, and play. The national symbols refer to natural,
historical and indigenous elements with which the country is identified. The use of the
maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates back to the early 18th century. The maple leaf is
represented on the previous and current national flags, on the coins and on the coat of arms.

Sport:
National sports are ice hockey in winter and lacrosse in summer. Hockey is a national
pastime and the most popular spectator sport in the country. It is also the sport most
 19
practiced by Canadians. Other popular spectator sports include curling and Canadian
soccer; the latter has a professional league, the Canadian football league (CFL).
At the Olympic Games, Canada is particularly successful in winter sports (hockey, short
and long track skating, figure skating, acrobatic skiing, curling).

Main attractives:
-It is considered one of the countries with the best quality of life
-It is a technologically advanced country
-It is one of the most developed countries since it has a diversified economy that makes it
independent due to its abundant natural resources

Problems:
He has serious problems hiring new employees, the farm he runs in eastern Canada. There
are difficulties in staffing. People are missing in many centers in the area.
Unemployment is at 5.6%, its lowest level since 1976. And in the last year, 219,000 jobs
have been created, 1.2% more than in the previous 12 months. Optimism regarding
employment is, in short, growing. However, this good news has its downside, the North
American country is unable to meet the
demand for workers in some sectors of its
economy.
Canada needs more workers to fuel a healthy
economy, which has accumulated eight
consecutive years of growth and which
should end the current year with an increase
of more than 2%.
 20
France

It is a sovereign country, member of the European Union, whose form of government is the
semi-presidential republic. Territorially it includes metropolitan France and overseas
France, being in turn the largest country in the European Union. Its territory, which
includes overseas regions or dependent territories, extends over a total area of 675 417 km².
In 2017, the country had 67.1 million inhabitants (65 million in metropolitan departments
and 2.1 million in overseas departments).

Geography:
It has a total area, between islands and continental territory, of 643,801 km2. Its capital is
Paris, one of the most touristic cities in the world, crossed by the river Seine (or Seine).
The continental part of France limits to the south with the Mediterranean Sea, Italy and
Monaco; to the southwest with the Cantabrian Sea, Andorra and Spain; to the west with the
Atlantic Ocean; to the north with the English Channel, North Sea, Belgium and the United
Kingdom (with which it is connected by an underground tunnel that crosses the English
Channel) and to the east with Luxembourg, Switzerland and Germany.
 21

Geographic characteristics:
France is the largest country in Western Europe: it has a territory of 643,801 km2.
As for its relief, 33.33% of its territory is flat. It also has important mountain ranges such as
the Pyrenees and the Alps (of higher altitude) and the Vosges and the Ardennes (on the
border with Germany).
The Central Massif is located towards the southeast part of the country, while the Jura
extends to the north of the Alps, with heights below 800 meters above sea level.

Weather:
France also has varied climates. Towards the
south you can distinguish a Mediterranean-type
climate, towards the west the climate is oceanic,
towards the central and east side it is continental
(with temperatures of 24 ° C on average that can
reach 40 ° C in summer), and to the north the
climate is temperate (with temperatures of 16 °
C)
France's climate is unstable due to air currents
that occur throughout the country.
As for rainfall, the mountainous area is the one with the least amount, while in the
continental area, rainfall is shown in the form of showers, mainly in summer.

Fauna and Flora:

The flora of France is very varied thanks to its different climates, reliefs and soils. In the
central massif area, you can find plant species such as the Hague and the Chestnut. In the
subalpine zone you can see dwarf pines and juniper.
In the northern part of the country you can see oak, poplar, willow and birch forests and to
the south you can find mulberry trees, vines, olive
trees and laurel herbs.
As for its fauna, it is also abundant and varied: in
the Pyrenees and the Alps, brown bears, alpine
hares, marmots and chamois abound; and towards
the forest zone they live wild boars, deer, ferrets and
martens.
 22

Economy:
France is considered the fifth economy in the world and the second in Europe, behind
Germany. For this country, international trade occupies a place of great importance: it is the
fifth exporting country and the sixth largest importer in the world. Despite that, its
unemployment rate is high compared to other developed countries.
The primary products that France produces are: wheat, potatoes, dairy products, pork,
poultry and fruits such as apples, grapes, pears, peaches and melons.
Among its economic resources, winemaking stands out, an activity that positions France as
the second largest producer in the world, behind Italy.
Because it belongs to the European Union, its currency is the euro (previously it was the
French franc).

Religion:
France allows religious freedom and is considered a secular state. A current 51% of its
population professes the Catholic religion, 31% are atheists, 6% are Muslims and 1.5% are
Jews.

Society and language:

Its total population is close to 64.3 million inhabitants distributed almost entirely on the
European continent and a minority (only 2.1 million) inhabits overseas territories.
The population of France is concentrated mainly in Paris, where 75% of the country's total
population lives. Other points of France with a large population are the cities of Marseille
and Lyon.
The population of France
comes, for the most part, from
Celtic peoples although since
the 19th century they have
received large numbers of
immigrants from Belgium,
Switzerland, Germany, Italy,
Poland and Greece, among
others. One in four inhabitants
is a foreigner.
The official language is French,
a language that comes from Latin along with Spanish and Italian.
 23

Farming:
It is the main agricultural producer in the European Union, about a third of all agricultural
land. Northern France is characterized by large wheat farms. Dairy products, pork and
apple production are found mainly in the western region. Veal production is located mainly
in the central area, while fruit, vegetable and wine production extends from the center to the
south. It is a large agricultural producer and is currently expanding its forestry and farmed
industries. It is a world agricultural production leader and the sixth largest.

Infrastructure:
The railway network is 29,640
kilometers (2008 figure), being
the second largest in Western
Europe after Germany. It also
has rail connections with its
other neighboring countries in
Europe, except with Andorra.
There are approximately one
million kilometers of useful road
in the country. The Paris region
has the most dense network of
roads, linking it with practically all parts of the country and with Belgium, Spain, Monaco,
Switzerland, Germany and Italy.

Problems:
A country exhausted by decades of mass unemployment, with a stagnant economy and
which continues to live in a state of emergency as it faces constant terrorist threats and with
troops outside its borders in the Sahel region of Africa facing jihadist groups.

Also featured:
-national division
- terrorism
- unemployment
- European Union
 24

- French economy
- legislative elections and prime minister
- government efficiency

Brazil

It has a total surface of 8,517,770

km ^ 2 also has a population of
209,288,278 inhabitants, the official
currency is called "Real", and the
native language is Portuguese the
biggest problem in brazil is the
economy and this is for the
corruption of the government.

Cultural
characteristics:
-The population of Brazil
consists of 207,847,528 inhabitants

according to the 2015 census. Its

official language is Portuguese, since it was Portugal who invaded and colonized this

country. However, Brazilians retain many German and Italian words, since they also

received immigration from both countries.

:
-Weather The climate in the territory of Brazil is temperate, subtropical and tropical.

Temperatures in this country range between 22º C and 31º C (degrees Celsius).
 25

Relief: Brazil presents two great territories: the plateau and the Amazon jungle (the
latter occupies a third of the total territory of Brazil). On the other hand it has coasts with

some bays. It also has peaks of significant heights; the Bandeira peak of 2,890 meters and

the Pedra Açu of 2,232 meters.

Flora: The flora of this country is very abundant and varied. Palms, fruit trees,
begonias and even cacti stand out (in some arid regions of the country).

Wildlife: Likewise the fauna is also abundant. Among the most outstanding animals
are: fish, turtles, snakes, boas, jaguars, cougars, foxes, armadillos and monkeys.

main features:

-The current culture of the inhabitants in Brazil has a strong German, Portuguese and

Italian heritage.

-It could also be said that music is a characteristic expression of Brazil, being this the

fundamental element of expression for that society. The most listened to music is African

and Portuguese folklore. The bossa nova is made up of a combination of samba and jazz, a

musical genre that is also very attractive to Brazilian people.

-On the other hand, a patriarchal hierarchy society inherits from the conquering countries
 26

Japan
It has a total surface of 377,915 km^2 also has a population of 127 million inhabitants, the
culture Japanese was influenced by China in its origins, has about 277 years of antiquity.
Japan does not have strong problematic because it has a very good economy (it is the third
world wide after the United States and
China).

Cultural
characteristics:

- relief: Since Japan is made up

of more than 6,000 islands, its relief

features peaks. About 84% of the

territory is mountainous and its highest

peak is Mount Fuji at 3,776 meters.

In addition, Japan is on a relatively active tectonic plate, making this country an area of

earthquakes and tidal waves. However, Japan also has prairies and plains but these are not

very extensive.

- weather: It has a rainy climate and high humidity, notably differentiating the 4
.
well-marked seasons This is due to the fact that said country is located at a certain

distance from the equator.

Therefore, the climate it presents is temperate, except in the south of Japan, which can

present some areas with subtropical climate .

 27

- flora: The flora of Japan is

varied and abundant; It has more than

17,000 species, among which stand

out Japanese chestnut, yours, red pine,

Korean pine, birch and ash. In

addition you can find white and red

plums and bamboo plants.

- wildlife: The fauna of Japan includes about 132 species of mammals, 583 birds, 66
species of reptiles, fish and batrachians, among which the Asian black bear, the brown bear,

the boar, deer, antelope, the badger, the

raccoon dog, foxes, wild cat, sea lion,

japanese wolves, coppery pheasant and

green and Asian goshawk eagle.

- religion: Japan has not been

secretive or aloof about openness to

different religions. Thus he presents what was called syncretism, such as the attempt to

reconcile different religions or doctrines. In this way, the

religions practiced in Japan allow a diversity of variants

where God and Buddha are present. Buddhism is considered

the majority religion, although there are many who profess

Taoism, Confucianism, Protestantism, and Catholicism .

 28

Argentina

It has a total surface of 2,780,400 km^2 it is a very diverse territory and good for planting
and raising cows, is divided in 23 provinces and the autonomous city of Buenos Aires,
which is the most populous in the country. The "Mate" is one of its cultural customs, it is a
herb-based drink made from mate. in Argentina the mains problematic sis the
unemployment, insecurity, low wages and
corruption.

Cultural
characteristics:

- Language: The official

language of Argentina is Spanish. Most of

the population speaks it, although some

also speak Italian and the native languages of the aboriginal peoples of America survive.

-population: In Argentina, the vast majority of the population are descendants of

European immigrants and mestizos are a minority, unlike other Latin American countries .

-culture: In Argentina the traditional sound is related to gaucho songs and dances,
although music from the north of the country, that which came from Europe and African
music has great influence. Tango, on the other hand, was born in Buenos Aires and today it
is known throughout the world for its particular sound and characteristic dance. Carlos
Gardel and Astor Piazzola were two of the most important figures in tango.
 29

- currency: The currency of this

country is the Argentine peso. However,

traditionally the monetary system was

based on the "gold peso". Argentina has

a currency called "peso", a not very

strong currency that it takes as a

reference to the US dollar.

- religion: 92% of Argentines profess the Catholic religion, so it can be said that
Argentina is a Catholic country, although religions such as Judaism, Protestant religions,

and other Christian and non-Christian religions are also practiced.

main features:

- weather: The climate in Argentina is mostly temperate. However, to the north

you can also find a tropical climate. In Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital, the average

climate is around 17 ° to 29 ° C and the minimum ranges from 6 ° to 14 ° C. The level of

rainfall is very varied, depending on each region.

- flora and fauna: Vegetation in Argentina is also incredibly varied. The

reason is the various weather conditions and topography. As for the flora, you can find

numerous varieties of trees, such as eucalyptus, sycamore and acacia. On the other hand,

cacti and other trees in desert areas predominate in arid regions. The fauna is equally
 30

diverse and abundant. In the north, there are several species of monkeys, jaguars, pumas,

ocelots, and others. Among the birds, there are flamingos and hummingbirds. In the

Pampas there are foxes and armadillos, among other animals. The cold Andean regions are

the habitat of llamas, condors, and other indigenous species. Fish are abundant in lake areas

and sea coasts.

-customs: Argentina is a very diverse country that fosters culture in its different
fields. In times of independence this country was known as "the Paris of America" for its

cultural diversity and style. There are important museums of archeology, history and art,

and indigenous music such as folklore or

tango are encouraged.

The favorite sport is soccer and to a lesser

extent basketball or cycling, although their

national sport is duck.

Meetings between family and friends are also

a feature of Argentines, who often get

together to share meals, especially barbecue

(thanks to the excellent quality of their meats).

Mate is one of its characteristic customs throughout the country: with yerba mate an

infusion is prepared that is placed in a container similar to a small cup and a light bulb and

hot water are added.

 31

Main problems currently occurring in France, Italy

and china

In France the virus covid-19 carries 16,257 cases of infection these figures are
lower than those of Italy having 59,138 and China more than 81,200, but in
China these figures of infected have dropped to 4,287
Apart from this problem of the covid-19 in China, Italy and France there are
many more problems
In France in France has a very high unemployment figure the president
Emmanuel macron throughout his presidency is looking for solution to the
unemployment of France
In Italy the rate of dead babies is very high for four years Italy has had a
higher number of deaths than of births and the trend is growing stronger. The
country, which has the second oldest population in the European Union
In china child trafficking, According to Chinese government statistics, close to
100,000 women and children are victims of human trafficking in China.
Children are estimated to account for at least 10 per cent of this figure. The
majority of victims are young children from poor rural regions in the west.
 32

ALPHABET SOUP

. Find in the alphabet soup the following words related to the countries
mentioned above

C A B G C D E F G H I J S M E L B O R P

H J R E L I G I O N K L M N O P Q R S T
A J R R H P E D B C A Z C Y X W V Y U L

R L V M A L E T R I R A I C A I C H E A

A U J A Z S R E H E C E S N A S O P D N

C V O N S O E L H L C C U L T U R A L G

T A L Y P C O T N O D A M O N O P R C U

E N C S V I A T N U F L O A Q U E G U A

R F U R Y E I O S G L J J D B A D O C G
I R T Q W T M C G E O G R A P H Y M O E

S A Y O U Y V D I E R F E N I C I E S S
T N Y M O N O R T S A G H A E S A D I D

I C L O N E L Y Q S A D E C A R S R E A
C E N V I R O N M E N T S M I L E U N R
S R O C K S E V I T C A R T T A I M R K
 33

WORDS:
- GERMANY - LANGUAGES -SPORT
-ATRACTIVES - FRANCE - ECONOMY
- GEOGRAPHY - RELIGION - PROBLEMS
- ENVIRONMENT - CULTURAL - RUSSIA
- WEATHER - GASTRONOMY - DEMOGRAPHY
- FLORA - MUSIC - CANADA
- FAUNA - SOCIETY - CHARACTERISTICS

Nothing is
impossible ...
do not
abandon a
dream for the
time it will
take, as time
will pass
equally.