E2-E3
Consumer Mobility
IT Infrastructure
For BSNL internal circulation only
WELCOME
• This is a presentation for the E2-E3 CM
Module for the Topic: IT Infrastructure
• Eligibility: Those who have got the
Upgradation from E2 to E3.
• This presentation is last updated on 23-3-
2011.
• You can also visit the Digital library of
BSNL to see this topic.
© For BSNL internal circulation only
Agenda
Introduction
Primary Components of Network
Server
Services provided by Server
Requirement of Server
Computer Network
Need of Computer Network
For BSNL internal circulation only
Agenda
Types of Computer Network
Configuration of Computer Network
Internet
Components of Network
Networking Devices
Software
Operating System
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Introduction
In Information Technology and on the Internet,
infrastructure is the physical hardware used to
interconnect computers and users.
IT application implementation in each SSA/circle
need to build up and maintain IT infrastructure.
IT Infrastructure consists of the equipment, systems,
software and services.
It serves Mission/program/project.
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Three primary components
Servers
Desktop PCs &
Network Application
Network
RDBMS
Network
Operating
System
Clients/Users
Server
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Servers
It provide service to the clients/users through the
network.
It is a powerful computer runs on Network
Operating system.
We get a better performance if we dedicate a
server to a single task.
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Services provided by Servers
DNS (Domain Name System) – It is used to resolve
URL to IP Address & Vice Versa.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – It is
used to allocate IP address & configure other
parameters like Gateway Address, DNS address,
Alternate DNS address on lease basis.
Mail – It sorts dispatches and delivers electronic
mails.
Proxy – It controls & restricts outgoing & incoming
traffic.
Database – It having RDBMS package to manage
data.
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Requirement of Servers
Better & faster CPU (Xeon, Dual core, Core 2 Duo).
RAM (> 2 GB)
Higher Bus width & speed (PCI - Peripheral Component
Interconnect)
More cache (>512 MB)
Higher Hard Disk capacity (> 160 GB)
Better hard disk controllers (SCSI)
Backup Devices (CTDs (Cartridge Tape Drive), DATs (Digital
Audio Tape), Optical Storage)
Better Cooling.
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Computer Network
Two or more connected computers that can share
resources such as data, Printer, Internet
Connection, applications.
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Need of Computer Networking
To share hardware resources
To share Software resources
To share Information or Database.
For communications: e-mail, e-commerce, video
conferencing, chatting etc.
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Types of Computer Network
LAN- Local Area Network
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
WAN – Wide Area Network
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Local Area Network
It may be in a single Room, Building and Campus.
Having an Area Less than 100 meter.
Uses Cable.
Wide Area Network
Computer network covering a broad geographical area.
It may be in a City or in a Country.
uses Telephone Line.
Metropolitan Area Network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer
network that usually spans a city or a large campus.
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Configuration
Peer to Peer Client - Server Domain
(workgroup)
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URL (Universal resource locator)
http://www.indianrail.gov.in
Protocol Service Name of Site Category Country
WWW (World Wide Web) - Text, Pictures, Sound, Animations, Video
Clips
E-Mail (Electronic mail) – send letters, faxes, documents, files, pictures,
instantly.
User Newsgroups – Public discussion forums
Instant Messaging (Chat) – Real time conversations with Internet
users.
Telnet – Remote Login Service
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
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Client/Server
IP Address
0.0.0.0
(Minimum)
|
| 210.168.1.225
|
255.255.255.255
(Maximum)
Download
192.168.1.105
Upload
Client Server
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Internet
The Internet is a Computer network made up of
thousands of networks worldwide.
All Computers on the Internet communicate
with one another using the Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite.
Computers on the Internet use a Client/Server
architecture.
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Different applications/services between computers: e-
mail, File Transfer, Remote Login, Web Surfing,
Network Management, chatting, playing games etc.
Internet is a collection of interconnected computer
networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables,
Telephone line, Satellite, wireless connections, etc
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Components of Network
1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE): PCs, Servers and Printers etc.
2. Data Communication Equipment (DCE): Modems, HUB, Switches,
Router, Gateways etc.
3. Media: Path by which traffic flowing from source to destination.
E.g. CU cable, Ethernet cable, DSL, OFC, wireless etc.
4. NIC (Network Interface Card): It links DTE & DCE
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Networking Devices
HUB LAN Switches Router
Physically a star Maximum use Number of LANs connected
topology but of available with the help of some
logically a Bus bandwidth internetworking devices like
topology Routers
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Software
System Software: Operating Systems, Device
Drivers, Utilities etc.
Application Software: Word Processor, Spread-
Sheet, database, Presentation, Graphic,
Multimedia etc.
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Operating Systems
Desktop Operating System: MS Windows XP,
Vista, Macintosh etc.
Network Operating System: MS Windows
Server, UNIX, Linux, Sun-Solaris etc.
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