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Blowfish Encryption Overview

The document discusses the Blowfish encryption algorithm. It describes Blowfish as a block cipher with a variable-length key, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier. The algorithm uses large key-dependent S-boxes and diverse mathematical operations like XOR and addition to encrypt 64-bit blocks of data. It is also designed to be fast, compact and simple to implement on microprocessors.

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155 views13 pages

Blowfish Encryption Overview

The document discusses the Blowfish encryption algorithm. It describes Blowfish as a block cipher with a variable-length key, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier. The algorithm uses large key-dependent S-boxes and diverse mathematical operations like XOR and addition to encrypt 64-bit blocks of data. It is also designed to be fast, compact and simple to implement on microprocessors.

Uploaded by

durai murugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blowfish Encryption

Algorithm
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3
Main point

 Introduction

 Structure

 Cryptanalysis

 Comparison

 References

4
Introduction
 designed in 1993 by Bruce Blowfish
 64-bit block cipher with variable length key
 Large key-dependent S-boxes
 More resistant to cryptanalysis

 Key-dependent permutations
 Diverse Mathematical Operations
 Combine XOR and addition
5
Continue
 Fast
 Compact It can run in less than 5K of memory.
 Simple to code
 Easily modifiable for different security levels
 Secure: The key length is variable ,it can be in
the range of 32~448 bits: default 128 bits key
length.
 Unpatented and royality-free.

6
Structure of BF
 Feistel iterated block cipher
 Scalable Key (32 to 448 bits)
 Simple operation that are efficient on
microprocessors
 XOR, Addition, Table lookup, etc

 Employ Precomputable Subkeys


 Variable number of iterations
7
8
Implementation: Encryption

Arrays:
P – Number of rounds + 2 elements
4 S-boxes – 256 elements

Li = F ( Li −1 ⊕ Pi −1 ) ⊕ Ri −1
Ri = Li −1 ⊕ Pi −1
L17 = L16 ⊕ P18
R17 = R16 ⊕ P17

Wikipedia,
9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BlowfishDiagram.png
(Implementation: Function F(x

F ( X 31−0 ) = ( ( S1[ X 31− 24 ] + S 2[ X 23−16 ] ) ⊕ S 3[ X 15−8 ] )


+ S 4[ X 7 −0 ]

Addition is mod 232

Wikipedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en
/8/81/BlowfishFFunction.png

10
Data Encryption

• Divide 64-bits into two 32-bit halves: XL, XR


• For i = 1 to 16
o XL = XL XOR Pi
o XR=F(XL) XOR XR
o Swap XL and XR
• Swap XL and XR (Undo the last swap )
• XR=XR XOR P17
• XL = XL XOR P18
• Concatenate XL and XR

11
Cryptanalysis

 Differential Attack
 After 4 rounds a differential attack is no better than a brute
force attack

 Weak Keys
 S-box collisions
 blowfish algorithm has yet to be cracked as the key size
is high, requires 2448 combinations

12
Future Concerns
 Simplifications
 Fewer and Smaller S-boxes
 Fewer Iterations
 On-the-fly subkey calculation

 Twofish
 AES Finalist
 128-bit Block Size
 More Operations
13
Comparison

14
References
 Wikipedia (for illustrations)
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish_cipher

 Applied Cryptography
 Bruce Schneier
 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1996

 The Blowfish Paper


 http://www.schneier.com/paper-blowfish-fse.html

15

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