A

REPORT ON
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

OWNER:
……………..

SUBMITTED TO:
……Municipality
Ward no-XXX, #LOCATION,
#dATE (English date)
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report describes in brief the Structural Aspects and Design Report of the proposed
Residential Building at location. The report is to be submitted to Municipality name as the
partial requirement for the application for building construction permit. The design is based
on the assumption that the client will entirely follow the structural design along with the
architectural design requirements and the building construction will be carried out under the
supervision of a professional engineer.

The designer will not be accountable if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor
or the weight of the whole building is altered by more than 10% of the design weight of each
floor and the total weight.

The design calculations and the derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the
concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be
provided to the client or the concerned authorities whenever needed upon request.
 GENERAL

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
This report summarizes the Structural Design and Analysis of the proposed Residential
building at Building Location and is to be submitted to Municipality Name as the partial
requirement for the application for building construction permit.
The building structure will be designed for maximum of 2 storey along with stair cover and a
basement. The structural design is intended to be based primarily on the current Nepal
Building Code of Practice.

Figure 1 Column Grid Plan with Grid Names and Center Line Dimensions

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1.2 SALIENT FEATURES
1.2.1 PROJECT INFORMATION:
Owner: Name of the Owner
Building Type: Residential Building
Location: Building Location
Plot number: Plot Number
Plot Area: Area in sq.m
Plinth Area: Area in sq.m

1.2.2 BUILDING STRUCTURE FEATURES:

Building Structure Type: Ductile Moment Resisting RCC Framed Structure
Storey: 2 storey along with basement and stair cover
Height of Storey: 3m
Total Height: 8.8 m (including stair cover)

1.2.3 SITE CONDITIONS:

Soil Type: II (for seismic consideration as per NBC 105)
Seismic Zoning Factor: 1.02 (in accordance with NBC 105)
Allowable Bearing Capacity: 150 KN/sq. m (assumed)

1.3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR THE BUILDINGS

The structural system for the building has been evolved on the basis of various aspects like
functional requirements of the building, durability and life span of building, cost
effectiveness and other design criteria requirements specified by discussions on number of
meetings with client. The building will be designed as a Ductile Moment Resisting Frame
structure in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure.
The frames will be detailed to provide ductile behavior and comply with the requirements
given in NBC 105.

Element Sizes and Details:

Initially, for the purpose of load calculation following section will be assumed.
Typical floor height is 3m and the floor height for the ground floor is 3m.
Roof and Floor Slab = 125mm thick
Staircase Waist Slab = 150mm thick
Beams along Longitudinal direction = 230mm x 350mm
Beams along Transverse direction = 230mm x 350mm,
Secondary Beam used in Stairs landing = 230mm x 300mm
Columns = 300mm x 300mm
Wall: A 1 brick (230mm) and ½ brick (115mm) wall is used.
 The slab is designed based on IS 456:2000. The longest slab is designed for
uniformity in construction, all the slabs are detailed according to the designed slab.
The slab is designed to meet the deflection criteria for the slab.
 The beam is designed based on IS 456:2000. The beams are assumed to be
rectangular. The beam is preliminarily designed to meet the deflection criteria as well
as the moment requirements for the span.
 The column is preliminarily designed to meet the stiffness criteria for the building.

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  The staircase is designed to satisfy the moment requirement as well as the deflection
criteria.
 The Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the soil is taken to be 150 KN/m 2. The depth of
the foundation is taken as 1.5m. It is assumed that the soil below is converted to a
firm base by sufficient compaction through any convenient means or as directed by
the site engineer.
 The design of slabs and staircases are carried out based on the prevailing design
practices, following the codal provisions.
1.4 Relevant Codes Followed for Design
The main design standards followed for structural design are given below, indicating their
area of application.
For Loading:
NBC101 – Material specifications
NBC102 – Unit weight of materials
NBC103 – Imposed load
For Design of Reinforced Concrete:
NBC105 – Seismic design of buildings in Nepal

1.5 DESIGN BASIS

1.5.1 GENERAL
The reinforced concrete members are designed in accordance with Nepal Building Code.
Other relevant codes as mentioned in the list above were also followed for specific items of
work.
Grade of Concrete and Cover to the Reinforcement:
Considering the nature of soil as observed in site during previous excavation for the site and
the exposure conditions, fire rating, durability requirements etc. mentioned in NBC, the
proposed grade of concrete for all structural members is M20, and clear cover to
reinforcement for various items are as follows:
 Floor and plinth Beams: 25mm
 Columns: 40mm
 Slabs: 20mm
 Footings: 50mm

1.5.2 Materials
Materials used as constituents of concrete shall be as per clause of NBC101. The properties
of hardened concrete shall be as per NBC and other relevant clauses shall be considered. For
53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to NBC; gain of additional strength beyond
28 days is uncertain and thus age factor as indicated in NBC will not be considered.
1.5.3 Reinforcement
The following types of reinforcement bars shall be used:
1. Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars Conforming to IS: 1786-1985 (fy = 415
MPa)
2. Deformed bar Conforming to IS: 1786-1985 (fy = 415 MPa)
Reinforcement Bars of size 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm and 20mm will be used. Welded
wire mesh shall not be used for structural members. Only lapped splices shall be used.

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1.5.4 Admixtures
The concrete slump shall in general be in the range of 75mm and 125mm depending on
reinforcement congestion, ambient temperature and other placement, transporting and
compaction considerations.

1.5.5 Cement
Use of blast furnace slag cement as per NBC is recommended for all elements of the structure
constructed underground. The superstructure may have OPC cement conforming to NBC.

1.5.6 Structural Dimensioning

In addition to the requirements of loads and stresses, the minimum structural dimensions are
also governed by other considerations like fire resistance, size of aggregates, reinforcement
detailing, etc. Minimum width of beams and columns shall not be less than 250mm from
above requirements. The minimum thickness of any structural element shall conform to NBC.
The minimum thickness of various elements shall also meet the fire resistance requirements
of IS: 8110-Part 1-1985. All the reinforced concrete elements of the building wall be
designed for mild condition of exposure and a fire resistance of 1.5 hours.
The minimum thickness at the tip of strap footings shall be at least 200mm from the point of
view of reinforcement detailing.
The slope at the top of the footings shall not be steeper than 1:1.25 in order to obtain well
compacted concrete throughout the footing.

LOAD CALCULATION
A. DEAD LOAD CALCULATION
1. Unit Weight of materials
Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/m3
Brick masonry = 18.85 KN/m3
Screed = 20.4 KN/m3
Cement Plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Marble = 26.7 KN/m3
2. Floor Loads
Thickness of structural slab = 0.125 m
Thickness of screed = 0.025 m
Thickness of ceiling plaster = 0.0125 m
Thickness of marble = 0.02 m
Dead Load of structural slab = 3.125 KN/m2
Dead Load of screed = 0.51 KN/m2
Dead Load of cement plaster = 0.255 KN/m2
Dead Load of marble = 0.534 KN/m2
3. Heights of Beams, Walls and Parapet walls
Depth of Beam in Longitudinal direction = 0.350 m
Depth of Beam in Transverse direction = 0.300 m
Height of each storey of building = 3.05 m
Height of parapet wall = 1 m

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 4. Dead Loads of Walls
Dead load of 230mm thick wall = 11.71 KN/m
Dead load of side plaster of exterior wall 25 mm thick = 1.56 KN/m
Dead load of 230mm thick wall with plaster = 13.27 KN/m
Dead load of 115mm thick wall = 6.635 KN/m
Dead load of 115mm thick wall with 20% openings = 5.308 KN/m
Dead load of 115mm thick wall with 30% openings = 4.645 KN/m
Dead load of parapet wall 115mm thick = 2.16775 KN/m
Water Tank Load of capacity 1000 Litres is also included on roof.

 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that
distributed over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such facility is not feasible, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the Model near the real case as far as possible.
 For lateral load, necessary calculations were performed and checked using
NBC 105:1994.
 Different load combinations based on Nepal National Codes are developed
and used for design purposes.

B. LIVE LOAD CALCULATION

Live load in Hall Room = 2.5 KN/m2
Office Room = 2.5 KN/m2
All Rooms including Toilet and Bathrooms = 2 KN/m2
Shutter Rooms = 2.5 KN/m2
Staircase = 3 KN/m2
Passages and Balconies = 3 KN/m2
Roof live load access = 1.5 KN/m2
Roof live load not access = 0.75 KN/m2

TABLE: Load Patterns    

Self Weight Auto
Name Type Multiplier Load
       
Dead Dead 1
Live<=3 Live 0
Live>3 Live 0
Wall Dead 0
Parapet Wall Dead 0
Staircase Dead 0
Floor Finish Dead 0
Seismi IS1893
EQx c 0 2002
Seismi IS1893
EQy c 0 2002
WT Dead 0

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 Table 1 Load Pattern Definitions

1.6 Design and Detailing for Seismic Forces

Calculation of Lateral Seismic Load per NBC Code
A three-dimensional modal analysis of the structure will be carried out using a Seismic
Coefficient method. ETABS 2015 software will be used for analysis as well as the design of
beam, column, slab and isolated footings. The software has the capability to calculate seismic
load as per the NBC specifications. The Seismic lateral loads were used in the combination
from the Self-Generated Load on the Seismic coefficient method. Modal analysis is carried
out using FEM Based three dimensional analyses.
Calculation of Seismic Weight of a frame:
Seismic Weight at any floor level (Wi) = (Total Gravity Loads due to Beam, Column, Slab,
Wall etc. + 25% of Live Load)
Total Seismic Weight of the Frame, Ws = ∑Wi
Seismic weight of each story is calculated by ETABS 2015 on the basis of mass source
parameter in which a factor of 1.00 has been assigned to the dead loads and a factor of 0.25
has been assigned to the live loads having intensity less than or equal to 3 KN/m 2 and a factor
of 0.5 has been assigned to the live loads having intensity more than 3 KN/m 2 on floors
except for the roof on which no live load will be considered for seismic load calculation as
per codal provision.

Seismic Weight of the Building W = 5169.90 KN

Base Shear Calculation:
As Per NBC 105:
Total Horizontal Base Shear V= Cd  W
Where, Cd = CZIK
Where,
Basic Shear Factor (C) = According to time period of vibration and Soil type
Seismic Zoning Factor (Z) = For Kailali District
Importance Factor (I) = According to the type of building
Performance Factor (K) = for the moment resisting frame
Total Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = 372.233 KN
Distribution of design seismic force:
Fi = Design Seismic Force at floor Level I
Wi = seismic wt. at ith floor level
hi = height of floor i measured from base
According to NBC 105:1994
Height of building (h) = 8.80 m
Soil type = II
Time period (T) = 0.075  H0.75

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 = 0.3832 Sec
C = 0.08 (from Fig 8.1 of NBC105:1994)
Z = 0.90 (for Kailali District, Fig 8.2 of NBC105:1994)
I=1 (for Residential Building., Table 8.1 of NBC105:1994)
K = 1.00 (for Ductile Moment resisting Frame, Table 8.2 of
NBC105:1994)
Cd = CZIK
= 0.072

Seismic Details of Building

Seismic Zone V Table 2 IS 1893 2002 pg 16

Seismic Intensity z 0.36

Importance factor I 1 Table 6 IS 1893 2002 pg 18

Response Reduction Factor R 5 Table 7 IS 1893 2002 pg 23

Lateral Dimension of Building d 10.5918 meters

Height of the of Building h 8.8 meters

with brick infill

Fundamental Natural Period Ta 0.243

Type of Soil Medium Soil

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient Sa/g 2.500

Design Horizontal Seismic

Coefficient Ah 0.09

Seismic Weight of Building W 5169.9 KN

Design Seismic Base Shear VB 465.291 KN

1.6.1 Methodology
The design base shear is computed by ETABS 2015 in accordance with the NBC code. The
structure is analyzed for full finite element. Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line)
elements and all floor slabs are modeled as Shell (Area) elements with sufficient and
appropriate meshing. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio for used material i.e. M20 and
M25 grade concrete (as per Indian Specification) are taken accordingly and section properties
used are based on Preliminary section sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum size
specified and serviceability. Computation for stiffness as a whole is carried out using FEM
based latest software.

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 Full Modal Analysis is carried out ensuring that more than 95% seismic mass participation
and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution that generated with NBC 105 based
Spectral Function for Soil Type-II. For Section Design and Check, suitable load combinations
as suggested in NBC105:1994 and if not covered in that, IS 1893-2002 is referred with
consideration of Envelopes of internal forces developed. Foundation design is carried out in
accordance with the results obtained by ETABS for satisfying strength and stability
requirements.
The design of the structural components such as beams and columns in the building are
carried out using the results and analysis for critical responses from ETABS 2015 and
checked with manual calculations and design. The foundation design is carried out based on
the base reactions obtained from the software with necessary adjustments.

TABLE: Mass
Source                
Include
Include Added Include Include Include Lump at IsDefaul Load
Name Elements Mass Loads Lateral Vertical Stories t Pattern Multiplier
                   
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Dead 1
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Live<=3 0.25
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Live>3 0.5
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Wall 1
MsSrc Parapet
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Wall 1
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Staircase 0.5
MsSrc Floor
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Finish 1
MsSrc
1 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes WT 1

Table 2 Mass Source

The seismic weight and base shear generated by ETABS2015 is shown below:
SN Load Type Top Story Bottom Seismic Base
Pattern Story Wt. (KN) Shear
(KN)
1. EQx Seismic Roof Base 5049.8931 545.3885
2. EQy Seismic Roof Base 5049.8931 545.3885
Table 3 Seismic Weight and Base Shear (Results from ETABS)

1.7 Load Cases and Combinations used for analysis

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Following Load combinations are to be used as per clause 4.5 of NBC 105:
1. 1.5*DL + 1.5*LL
2. DL + 1.3LL ± 1.25EQ
3. DL ± 1.25EQ
4. 0.9DL ± 1.5EQ
25% of LL as reduced live load RLL is to be considered when combined with EQ Load.
Similarly, earthquake load is to be considered in two horizontal directions X and Y and in
each direction, the load will be reversible, i.e. in ±X and ±Y directions.

1.8 Control of Deflection

In order to control deflection of structural elements, the criteria given in clause 23.2 of IS
456:2000 is proposed to be used.
To control overall deformation due to earthquake load, the criteria given in clause 7.11 of IS
1893:2002 is applied.
Maximum vertical deflection in all components that resulted under vertical load of combined
effect of self, imposed dead and live load are checked for every element and maintained to be
within permissible limit. Short-term elastic deflection and long-term deflection due to
shrinkage and creep due to sustained loads also are maintained within permissible limits for
all the elements.
Effect of lateral load due to seismic force is analyzed using self-generated seismic load
compatible with Codal provision. The distribution of lateral force at different parts of the
structure is done based on the response under unit force. Using Complete Quadratic
Combination (CQC) method of modal combination combines the deformations, and related
forces reported.
1.9 Control of Cracking
In order to avoid excessive cracking in the flexural members, maximum diameter and spacing
of the reinforcement is restricted as per the detailing rules indicated in clause 26.0 IS: 456-
2000.
1.10 Masonry Walls
Masonry walls have been treated as non-structural infill panels. Therefore, the structural
safety of these walls is ensured by treating them as one way / two-way slab panels spanning
between adjoining beams and columns. These walls are designed as un-reinforced masonry as
per IS: 1905-1987 and IS: 4326-1993.
While external walls are provided with shear connector reinforcement on the underside of
upper beams and sides of columns the internal partition walls are connected to roof slabs
using dry packing mortar between top of walls and soffit of slab / beam.

1.11 Design procedure

 Adopt initial size of members on the basis of Architectural and serviceability
requirement.
 Analyze the structure in design load.
 Conform the section on deflection criteria.
 Design for stresses
 Conform with construction criteria
1.12 Recommendations

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  Materials used shall confirm minimum standard specified before use. Primarily the
cement, aggregate, sand and steel shall be used that confirms to NS or IS standard.
 Batching, mixing, placing and curing of concrete and steel fabrication and placing
shall be done as per standard practice.
 Construction safety shall be well planned and implemented.

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 ANALYSIS PART
2.1 Design Software
A three-dimensional analysis of the structure was carried out using a Seismic Coefficient
method. ETABS2015 software was used for analysis of the model as well as the design of
beam, column, slab element and foundation.
2.2 Output data results
Some of the important sample output data are presented below:
TABLE: Base Reactions            
Load Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ Z
  kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m m
Dead 0 0 2693.2117 18554.6167 -14636.0781 0 -3
Live 0 0 1015.7815 7477.4546 -5126.1526 0 -3
Live>3 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3
Wall 0 0 1443.3857 8384.6167 -7809.9746 0 -3
Partition Wall 0 0 217.7435 1474.5919 -1260.6367 0 -3
Staircase 0 0 78.0386 126.8595 -722.5043 0 -3
Floor Finish 0 0 473.5636 3431.9562 -2387.171 0 -3
-
EQx 545.3885 0 0 0 -4195.5323 3756.1077 -3
- -
EQy 0 545.3885 0 4195.5323 0 3427.0493 -3
WT 0 0 10 16.256 -92.583 0 -3
1.5(DL+LL) 0 0 8897.5869 59199.5275 -48052.6504 0 -3
-
DL+1.3LL+1.25EQx 681.7356 0 6236.459 41709.588 -38817.3615 4695.1347 -3
-
DL+1.3LL-1.25EQx 681.7356 0 6236.459 41709.588 -28328.5307 4695.1347 -3
- -
DL+1.3LL+1.25EQy 0 681.7356 6236.459 46954.0034 -33572.9461 4283.8116 -3
DL+1.3LL-1.25EQy 0 681.7356 6236.459 36465.1726 -33572.9461 4283.8116 -3
-
DL+1.25EQx 681.7356 0 4915.9431 31988.8971 -32153.3631 4695.1347 -3
-
DL-1.25EQx 681.7356 0 4915.9431 31988.8971 -21664.5323 4695.1347 -3
- -
DL+1.25EQy 0 681.7356 4915.9431 37233.3125 -26908.9477 4283.8116 -3
DL-1.25EQy 0 681.7356 4915.9431 26744.4816 -26908.9477 4283.8116 -3
-
0.9DL+1.5EQx 818.0827 0 4424.3488 28790.0073 -30511.3514 5634.1616 -3
-
0.9DL-1.5EQx 818.0827 0 4415.3488 28775.3769 -17841.4297 5634.1616 -3
-
0.9DL+1.5EQy 0 818.0827 4424.3488 35083.3058 -24218.0529
-5140.574 -3
0.9DL-1.5EQy 0 818.0827 4424.3488 22496.7089 -24218.0529
5140.574 -3
Envelope Max 818.0827 818.0827 8897.5869 59199.5275 -17841.4297
5634.1616 -3
- - -
Envelope Min 818.0827 818.0827 4415.3488 22496.7089 -48052.6504 5634.1616 -3
TABLE: Centers of Mass                  

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and Rigidity
Diaphra Cumula Cumula XCC YCC
Story gm Mass X Mass Y XCM YCM tive X tive Y M M XCR YCR
    kg kg m m kg kg m m m m
Grou
nd 111347. 111347 5.43 6.59 111347. 111347. 5.43 6.59 5.62
Floor D1 47 .47 37 31 47 47 37 31 95 7.09
First 115617. 115617 5.21 6.54 115617. 115617. 5.21 6.54 5.63 7.07
Floor D2 13 .13 94 09 13 13 94 09 24 53
Seco
nd 55016.6 55016. 5.94 6.14 55016.6 55016.6 5.94 6.14 5.62 7.06
Floor D3 9 69 15 34 9 9 15 34 67 29
7214.5 9.25 1.62 9.25 1.62 8.90 2.17
Roof D4 7214.59 9 83 56 7214.59 7214.59 83 56 27 2

TABLE: Joint Reactions        

Story Joint Label Grid Name Load Case/Combo FZ MX MY
        kN kN-m kN-m
Base 1 A1 1.5(DL+LL) 263.1003 -2.1466 6.7751
Base 2 A2 1.5(DL+LL) 352.7607 0.6527 7.2059
Base 3 A3 1.5(DL+LL) 290.8787 0.4919 6.4156
Base 4 A4 1.5(DL+LL) 307.3597 -0.7848 6.6784
Base 5 A5 1.5(DL+LL) 352.0271 0.007 7.3068
Base 6 A6 1.5(DL+LL) 249.1546 1.7083 6.6557
Base 7 B1 1.5(DL+LL) 452.1962 -5.508 -1.4067
Base 8 B2 1.5(DL+LL) 603.2696 1.047 -0.9177
Base 9 B3 1.5(DL+LL) 484.9102 2.1312 -0.8206
Base 10 B4 1.5(DL+LL) 480.2764 -2.1438 -1.7211
Base 11 B5 1.5(DL+LL) 575.8801 -0.1048 -1.6706
Base 12 B6 1.5(DL+LL) 428.3142 4.4172 -1.3736
Base 13 C1 1.5(DL+LL) 493.6525 -5.7895 -3.3896
Base 14 C2 1.5(DL+LL) 586.9896 2.277 -4.4659
Base 15 C3 1.5(DL+LL) 381.0049 1.7945 -4.6549
Base 16 C4 1.5(DL+LL) 372.5613 -1.7321 -3.821
Base 17 C5 1.5(DL+LL) 450.5136 -0.0175 -4.0536
Base 18 C6 1.5(DL+LL) 309.2362 3.7352 -4.5935
Base 19 D1 1.5(DL+LL) 327.2635 -4.1167 -3.5907
Base 20 D2 1.5(DL+LL) 372.2964 2.5985 -3.1041
Base 21 D3 1.5(DL+LL) 190.9189 0.6336 -2.6133
Base 22 D4 1.5(DL+LL) 200.5764 -0.7869 -2.7853
Base 23 D5 1.5(DL+LL) 236.6376 0.1013 -3.1124
Base 24 D6 1.5(DL+LL) 135.8083 1.9486 -2.2319

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 TABLE: Modal Participating
Mass Ratios                
Su Su Su Su
Cas Mo Peri m m m m
e de od UX UY UX UY RX RY RZ Sum RX RY RZ
    sec                    
Mo 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.00000 0.1 0.00000 0.1 0.16
dal 1 2 029 0.0029 029 029 3713 4 0.1655 3713 4 55
Mo 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.17
dal 2 73 114 0.8585 144 613 0.1312 014 0.0111 0.1312 414 66
Mo 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.87
dal 3 44 568 0.0186 711 799 0.0111 113 0.7 0.1423 527 66
Mo 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.89
dal 4 08 686 0.0002 398 801 0.0013 745 0.0226 0.1435 272 92
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.90
dal 5 94 014 0.0811 412 612 0.7321 11 0.0022 0.8756 382 14
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.96
dal 6 78 255 0.0042 667 654 0.029 767 0.0608 0.9046 149 23
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0000 0.9 0.96
dal 7 41 086 0.0125 752 778 0.0368 214 4948 0.9414 364 23
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.97
dal 8 35 089 0.0061 841 839 0.0166 164 0.015 0.958 527 73
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.98
dal 9 19 003 0.0033 845 873 0.0081 013 0.0058 0.9661 541 31
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.98
dal 10 17 001 0.0111 846 984 0.0286 002 0.001 0.9947 543 41
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.0000 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.98
dal 11 15 15 2424 996 984 0.0001 454 0.0026 0.9947 997 67
Mo 0.1 0.0 0.0
dal 12 06 004 0.0016 1 1 0.0053 003 0.0133 1 1 1

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 Beam BM @ grid D-D

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 Beam SF along grid D-D

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 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT

ELEVATION ALONG GRID 1-1

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 2-2

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 3-3

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 4-4

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 5-5

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 6-6

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID A-A

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID B-B

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID C-C

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID D-D

Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement

Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQx Top Story Roof

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Basement Floor

Plot

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Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Roof 8.8 Top 20.293 0.625
Second Floor 6 Top 17.272 0.845
First Floor 3 Top 12.348 0.459
Ground Floor 0 Top 5.36 0.153
Basement Floor -3 Top 0 0

Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement

Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

27 | P a g e
Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQy Top Story Roof

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Basement Floor

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

28 | P a g e
 Story Response Values
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Roof 8.8 Top 2.28 18.941
Second Floor 6 Top 2.043 16.084
First Floor 3 Top 1.399 11.751
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.603 5.203
Basement Floor -3 Top 0 0

Load
S.N. Case Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir Max. Permissible Remarks
m mm mm D=0.004xHx1000mm a/c NBC
1 EQx Roof 8.8 Top 20.293 0.625 35.2 OK
Second
2 EQx Floor 6 Top 17.272 0.845 35.2 OK
First
3 EQx Floor 3 Top 12.348 0.459 35.2 OK
4 EQx Ground 0 Top 5.36 0.153 35.2 OK
5 EQy Roof 8.8 Top 2.28 18.941 35.2 OK
Second
6 EQy Floor 6 Top 2.043 16.084 35.2 OK
First
7 EQy Floor 3 Top 1.399 11.751 35.2 OK
8 EQy Ground 0 Top 0.603 5.203 35.2 OK

Story Displacement Values:

Hence, the structure is safe under lateral displacement check.

Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts

Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story drifts Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQx Top Story Roof

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Basement Floor

Plot

29 | P a g e
Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m
Roof 8.8 Top 0.00114 0.000044
Second Floor 6 Top 0.001641 0.000128
First Floor 3 Top 0.002329 0.000081
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.001787 0.000051
Basement Floor -3 Top 0 0

Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts

30 | P a g e
Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story drifts Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQy Top Story Roof

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Basement Floor

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

31 | P a g e
 Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m
Roof 8.8 Top 0.000085 0.001084
Second Floor 6 Top 0.000215 0.001444
First Floor 3 Top 0.000265 0.002142
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.000201 0.001734
Basement Floor -3 Top 0 0

Story Drift Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir Max. Permissible Remarks
a/c codal
m mm mm 0.004 provisions
Roof 8.8 Top 0.00114 0.000044 0.004 OK
Second
Floor 6 Top 0.001641 0.000128 0.004 OK
First Floor 3 Top 0.002329 0.000081 0.004 OK
Ground 0 Top 0.001787 0.000051 0.004 OK
Roof 8.8 Top 0.000085 0.001084 0.004 OK
Second
Floor 6 Top 0.000215 0.001444 0.004 OK
First Floor 3 Top 0.000265 0.002142 0.004 OK
Ground 0 Top 0.000201 0.001734 0.004 OK

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design

32 | P a g e
 IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground Floor C22 118 Column 300X300 0.9DL-1.5EQy 0 3000 0.898

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
300 300 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 415 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
45.9375 -68.166 1.9964 0.9188 0.9188 1827 2.03

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.75312 2700 0.7985 0 0.9188
Minor Bend(M2) 0.707313 2700 -27.2664 0 0.9188

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 22.8575 54.3391 29.2796 22.8575 332.53
Minor, Vu3 39.4871 54.3391 29.2796 39.4479 332.53

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

33 | P a g e
 Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
900 18.3 1581.1378 461.0041 45.9375 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.9 300 6.778 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.9 300 6.366 12 No 0

Notes:

N/A: Not Applicable

N/C: Not Calculated

N/N: Not Needed

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground Floor B21 141 Beam 230X300 0.9DL+1.5EQx 3812.4 3962.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 300 230 0 25 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 415 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

34 | P a g e
 Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-52.3534 1.1522 50.9646 0.252

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-52.3534 1.5618 0 -53.9152

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -53.9152 671 0 671 178
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 336 0 68 336

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
60.3118 40.0071 28.3201 33.9749 285.37

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
1.1522 50.9646 200 270 268.35

Isolated Footing F1
             
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
  Load Pu 485 KN      
  Design Load P 356 KN      
             
  Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m      
             
  Column size cx 300 mm      
    cy 300 mm      
             
  SBC q 150 KN/sqm      
             
  Footing Size required A req 2.37 sqmm      
             
  L 1.60 meters  
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.60 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 2.56 meters      
             
    Zx 0.68      
    Zx 0.68      
             

35 | P a g e
   Net upward pressure Nup 139 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Slab Design          
    lx 0.650      
    ly 0.650      
             
  Bending Moment in x dir Mx 44 KN-m      
  Bending Moment in y dir My 44 KN-m      
             
  Concrete fck 25 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      
             
  Minimum Depth Required dmin 113      
             
  Depth Provided D 350 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 294 mm      
             
  Spacing c/c in mm    
Area of Steel
  12# 16# 20#    
  425 sqmm 266 c/c 473 c/c 739 c/c    
  425 sqmm 266 c/c 473 c/c 739 c/c    
           
           
             
  Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
  Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
             
             
             
3 One Way Shear along x direction        
             
    Vu1 119 KN      
    ζv 0.252 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
    Vc1 155 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
4 One Way Shear along y direction        
             
    Vu1 119 KN      
    ζv 0.252 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
    Vc1 155 KN      
             

36 | P a g e
     One Way Shear Check OK      
             
             
5 Two Way Shear          
    Vu2 460 KN      
    ζv 0.658 MPa      
             
    ks*ζc 1.250 MPa      
    Vc1 873 KN      
             
    Two Way Shear Check OK      
             

                 
1000
width 1000 mm       width mm    
Mulim/bd Mulim/bd
2 2
Mulim       Mulim    
298 KN- 298 KN-
3.45 m       3.45 m    
                 
                 
Section Section
xumax/d xumax Rumax Check   xumax/d xumax Rumax Check
0.48 141 0.138 7.8   0.48 141 0.138 7.8
                 
SRB         SRB      
a 0.6023       a 0.6023    
b -3.6105       b -3.6105    
c 0.5093       c 0.5093    
-p 0.1446       -p 0.1446    
Ast 425       Ast 425    
                 
                 
Min steel Min steel
% 0.205       % 0.205    
Ast 425       Ast 425    
                 
                 
Min Steel 353       Min Steel 353    
Max Max
Steel 11760       Steel 11760    
                 
Ast 425       Ast 425    
                 
Pt Pt
provided 0.1446       provided 0.1446    
β 20.081       β 20.081    
                 
                 
ks trial 1.5       ks trial 1.5    
ks 1       ks 1    

37 | P a g e
 Isolated Footing F2
             
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
  Load Pu 382 KN      
  Design Load P 280 KN      
             
  Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m      
             
  Column size cx 300 mm      

38 | P a g e
     cy 300 mm      
             
  SBC q 150 KN/sqm      
             
  Footing Size required A req 1.87 sqmm      
             
  L 1.50 meters  
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.50 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 2.25 meters      
             
    Zx 0.56      
    Zx 0.56      
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 125 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Slab Design          
    lx 0.600      
    ly 0.600      
             
  Bending Moment in x dir Mx 34 KN-m      
  Bending Moment in y dir My 34 KN-m      
             
  Concrete fck 25 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      
             
  Minimum Depth Required dmin 99      
             
  Depth Provided D 350 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 294 mm      
             
  Spacing c/c in mm    
Area of Steel
  12# 16# 20#    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
  Minimum Ast required across x direcion        
  Minimum Ast required across y direcion        
             
  Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
  Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
             
             
             
3 One Way Shear along x direction        
             
    Vu1 86 KN      
    ζv 0.194 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      

39 | P a g e
     Vc1 146 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
4 One Way Shear along y direction        
             
    Vu1 86 KN      
    ζv 0.194 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
    Vc1 146 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
             
5 Two Way Shear          
    Vu2 354 KN      
    ζv 0.507 MPa      
             
    ks*ζc 1.250 MPa      
    Vc1 873 KN      
             
    Two Way Shear Check OK      
             

                 
1000
width 1000 mm       width mm    
Mulim/bd Mulim/bd
2 2
Mulim       Mulim    
298 KN- 298 KN-
3.45 m       3.45 m    
                 
                 
Section Section
xumax/d xumax Rumax Check   xumax/d xumax Rumax Check
0.48 141 0.138 7.8   0.48 141 0.138 7.8
                 
SRB         SRB      
a 0.6023       a 0.6023    
b -3.6105       b -3.6105    
c 0.3889       c 0.3889    
-p 0.1097       -p 0.1097    
Ast 323       Ast 323    
                 
                 
Min steel Min steel
% 0.205       % 0.205    
Ast 323       Ast 323    
                 
                 
Min Steel 353       Min Steel 353    
Max Max
Steel 11760       Steel 11760    
                 

40 | P a g e
 Ast 353       Ast 353    
                 
Pt Pt
provided 0.1200       provided 0.1200    
β 24.190       β 24.190    
                 
                 
ks trial 1.5       ks trial 1.5    
ks 1       ks 1    

RESULTS FROM ETABS DESIGN RESULTS

Footing P(Factored) Size(in Thickness(in
No. (KN) m) mm) Reinforcement
A3@join 291 1.5X1.5 350 12mm dia. @150mm

41 | P a g e
 t label 3
(F2) c/c
A4@join
t label 4 12mm dia. @150mm
(F2) 308 1.5x1.5 350 c/c
B3@join
t label 9 12mm dia. @150mm
(F1) 485 1.6x1.6 350 c/c
B4@join
t label 12mm dia. @150mm
10 (F1) 481 1.6x1.6 350 c/c

C3@join
t label 12mm dia. @150mm
15 (F2) 382 1.5x1.5 350 c/c

C4@join
t label 12mm dia. @150mm
16 (F2) 373 1.5x1.5 350 c/c

D3@join
t label 12mm dia. @150mm
21 (F2) 191 1.5x1.5 350 c/c

D4@join
t label 12mm dia. @150mm
22 (F2) 201 1.5x1.5 350 c/c

Slab Design
               
 
Slab
t 125 mm Sunken Depth 0 mm
  thickness  
  Concrete fck 20 MPa
  Steel fy 415 MPa          
       
  Loading    
Sunken Slab
  Slab Load       Load    
Dead 3.125
DL 3.125 KN/m DL
  Dead Load     Load KN/m  
Filler 0
LL 2.500 KN/m FL
  Live Load   Load KN/m  
Live 2.5
WL 1.000 KN/m LL
  Finishes Load   Load KN/m  
Finishes 1.0
Ws 6.625 KN/m WL
  Total Load   Load KN/m  
Factored Total 6.63
Wsu 10 KN/m Wsk
  Load   Load KN/m  
    Factore Wsk 10  

42 | P a g e
 d Load u KN/m
 
                   
  Slab Data                
Regula
  Slab Type              
r
10
  Load              
KN/m
Longer Span ly/lx
  3.96 m       1.22    
(ly) ratio
Shorter Span Slab
  (lx)
3.25 m
      type +    

                   
                   
Loading on
  edges one way two way          
13 .=(w*lx/2) + (1-
Wlonger
  KN/m .=w*lx/2 (1/3)*(lx/ly)2)          
11
Wshorter
  KN/m   .=w*lx/3          
                   
  Moments one way two way          
  Mx 8 KN-m .=w*lx2/ 8 .=αx * w*lx2          
  My 6 KN-m   .=αy * w*lx2          
                   
Thickness
OK
  Check .=Mulim > Mux or Muy          
.=
Deflection 9 mm 5*W*l4/(384EI
  )            
                   
Refer Chart 4 SP 16
  Astx Asty pg 21     or    
Area of Steel 212
160 sqmm Refer Table 5-44 SP
  sqmm 16 pg 51-80          
                   
Spacing required in
       
  mm      
  8# 10# 12# 16#  
  x y x y x y x x  
53
948 1255
237 c/c 314 c/c 370 c/c 490 c/c 3 706 c/c
c/c c/c
  c/c  
.=ast of
bar*1000/ast              
  req  
                   
  x y      
Final Ast
provided 10mm dia @150mm
10mm dia @150mm c/c
  c/c      
                   

                       

43 | P a g e
 Design
  Calculations                  
                       
ONE
    TWO WAY  
  WAY          
.
. 0.7 =(0.87435/1
a 0.75 a
=(0.87435/100 5 00) *
  ) * (fy/fck)2     (fy/fck)2      
- .
b -3.611 .=(0.87/100) * b 3.6 =(0.87/100)
  (fy)     11 * (fy)      
0.5
cx 0.698 cy
  .=Mu/bd2     34 .=Mu/bd2      
.=-(b±√(b2- 0.1 .=-(b±√(b2-
-px 0.202 -py
  4ac))/2a     53 4ac))/2a      
.
Ast 212 Ast 160 =(p*b*d)/10
  .=(p*b*d)/100     0      
                       
                       
Min
  % mm2  
Ast              
    0.12 150                
                       

pg 91
Table
26 IS
456
  Interpolation 0.0  
  1 56
ly/lx     αx     αy 1. 0.0
  1 64  
low upp  
interpt
lower upper er er
exact value n.
value value valu valu 1. 0.0
value
  e e 2 72  
0.0 0.07 0.0 1. 0.0
1.20 1.30 1.22 0.073
  72 9 56 3 79  
1. 0.0
                4 85  
1. 0.0
                5 89  
0.1
                2 07  
                       
.= (700/(1100 *
  xumax 50 (0.87 * fy)) * d                
.=
30 0.36*fck*b*xum
Mulim ax*(d-
KN-m
  (0.42*xumax))                
Mulim/
2.76
  bd2                  
Mux/bd
2 0.70
                   
Muy/bd
2 0.53
                   
                       
  E 2.24E+                  

44 | P a g e
 07
1.63E-
I      
  04 .= bd3/12          
.=
  Defln 8.76 5*W*l4/(384EI)                
                       

Staircase Design
             
             
  Data          
  Effective Span (l) 3.26 mm        
  Riser (R) 200 mm        
  Thread (T) 250 mm        
  Waist Slab thickness (t) 150 mm        
  Clear Cover 20 mm        
Effective Depth of Waist Slab
  (d) 130 mm        
             
  Grade of Concrete (fck) 20 MPa        
  Grade of Steel (fy) 415 MPa        
             
  Loading          
  Loads on going     Loads on waist slab    
Self weight of landing 3.75
  Self weight of waist slab 4.80 KN/m   slab KN/m  
3.00
  Self weight of steps 2.50 KN/m   Live Load KN/m  
1.00
  Live Load 3.00 KN/m   Floor Finish Load KN/m  
7.75
  Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m   Total Load KN/m  
11.63
  Total Load 11.30 KN/m   Factored Load KN/m  
  Factored Load 16.95 KN/m        
             
             
  Bending Moment          
Calculate Bending Moment using the equation (W*L*L )/8
             
             
  Bending Moment = 23 KN-m          
             
  Reaction          
  to be used as UDL = 28 KN          
    60 KN-m    
             

45 | P a g e
   Area of Main Steel          
  Ast 524 sqmm        
             
  Spacing          
  Diameter of bar 12ø 16ø      
384
  Spacing across x 216 c/c c/c      
             
12mm dia @150
  Provded Main Steel: c/c        
             
             
  Area of Distribution Steel          
  Ast 180 sqmm        
             
  Spacing          
  Diameter of bar 8ø 10ø      
436
  Spacing across y 279 c/c c/c      
             
  Provided Distridution Steel: 8mm@150c/c        
             

STRAP FOOTING SF1 DESIGN:-

The design of Strap Footing is carried out for the footings at the columns at grid B1 and B2
(As the load is greater).

1. Given Data:
Factored load on Column @ B1 = 604.0 KN [Result from ETABS]
Factored load on Column @B2 = 453 KN [Result From ETABS]
Size of Column A = 300x300 mm
Size of Column B = 300x300 mm
C/C distance between Columns = 3.25m
SBC of soil = 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)
For M20 Concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2
For Fe 415 Steel, fy = 415 N/mm2

2. Calculation of Total Service load:

Total axial load, P = W1 + W2 = 402.67 + 302 = 704.67 KN
Self Wt. of footing (Po) = 10% of P = 70.47 KN
Total Service Load, Ps = P + Po = 775.14 KN

3. Area Required for Footing:

Area required, Areq = (Total Axial Load/SBC) = 704.67/150 = 4.7 m2
Provide 1.9m x1.9m Size footing for column @B1 & 1.8 m x1.8m size footing for column
@B2.
Then, Area Provided for footing, AProv = (1.9x1.9)+(1.8x1.8)= 6.85 m2
Since AProv > Areq. Hence, OK.

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 4. Net Upward Soil Pressure:
Net Upward Soil Pressure, p = (Total Axial Load/Area Provided) = (W1 + W2)/Aprov
p = 704.67/6.85 = 102.87 KN/m2

5. Design of footing Slab:

Let width of strap beam = 300mm (larger column side)
Cantilever projection beyond the beam, a = (1.9-0.3)/2 = 0.8m

A. Depth on the basis of bending compression:

Mmax = pa2/2 = 102.87x0.82/2 = 32.92 KN-m
Mu = 1.5Mmax = 1.5x32.92x106 N-mm = 49.38 x 106 N-mm

Mu = Mu-lim
i.e. 49.38x106 = 0.138fckbd2
i.e. 33.24x106 = 0.138x20x1000xd2 (Considering 1m width)
This implies d = 109.743 mm. Take d=120mm.
Assuming, Effective cover = 50mm
D (overall Depth) = 120 + 50 = 170mm.
However, Keep D = 350mm. Then, d = 350 – 50 = 300mm.

B. Depth on the basis of one-way shear:

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 The critical plan of one-way shear is located at a distance d from the face of the beam
and its distance from the edge = a’ = a-0.001d
Ʈc x K >= Ʈv
Ʈv = Vu/bd
Vu = 1.5 x p x L(a-d) [Taking L=1m]
= 1.5x102.87x1(0.8-d) = 123.44 – 154.305d
Ʈv= (123.44 – 154.305d)/1xd KN/m2 [Taking b = 1m]
Permissible shear stress = k x Ʈc
Where, k=1 (for D>= 300mm)
Ʈc = 0.36 N/mm2 [Table 19 IS 456:2000, Assuming Pt=0.25%]
Then, Ʈc x K = 360 KN/m2
Ʈc x K = Ʈv
i.e. 360 = (123.44 – 154.305d)/d
i.e. d = 0.24m. Take d = 250mm.
Depth ‘d’ calculated from one-way shear is greater than depth calculation from
bending consideration. Take d = 300mm and Effective cover = 50mm.
Then, Overall Depth (D) = 350mm

Determination of Reinforcement:
4.6 Mu
√
Ast = (0.5fck/fy)[1-❑ 1−(
fckbd 2
) ]b.d
4.6 X 49.38 x 10 ex 6
√
= (0.5x20/415)1-❑ 1−(
Ast = 396.386 mm2
20 X 1000 X 350 X 350
)

Providing 12mm dia. bars.

Spacing = 1000x113/396.386 = 285.075mm
Thus, Provide 12mm dia. main bars @ Spacing 150mm C/C.
No. of Steel Bars = 396.386/113 =4nos. Take 6 numbers.
Actual Area of Steel = 113x6 = 678 mm2.
Pt = 339/(1000x300) = 0.194%
Ast (Distribution Reinforcement) = (0.12x1000x350)/100 = 420 mm2
Thus, spacing of 10mm dia. bars = 1000x78.5/420 = 186.9mm
Provide 10mm dia. distribution bars @ 150 c/c.

6. Bending Moment and Shear Force:

Upward pressure p’ per meter run on the strap beam is given by

p’ = pxB = 102.87x1.9 = 195.45 KN/m
Downward load of col. A = 302/0.3 = 1342.24 KN/m
Downward load of col. B = 1006.67 KN/m

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Shear Force:
SF at inner face of Column A = 1342.24x0.3 - 195.45x0.3 = 312.72 KN
SF at edge D = 1342.24x0.3 – 195.45x1.9 = 31.315 KN
SF at edge E = 31.315 KN (same as D)
SF at inner edge of col. B = 31.315 – [(1.8-0.3)/2]x185.13 = -107.533 KN
SF at outer edge of col. B = 31.315 + 1006.67x0.3 – 185.16x1.05 = 527.734 KN
Here the SF changes its sign between the point E and the inner edge of col. B.
So, lets assume at distance x from the point E towards the column B, the value of SF is zero.
Then, 31.315 – 185.16x = 0
This implies, x = 0.17m. At this section, the bending moment is maximum.
Mmax = (1006.67x0.3)[1.8-0.17-0.15-0.9]-[185.16x1.8x(0.9-0.17)/2] = 141.832 KN-m.
Let at distance xcf from the point F, the bending moment changes its sign. This point is the
point of contraflexure.
Then, (1006.67x0.3x0.9)-(185.16xcf .xcf/2)= 0
This implies, xcf = 1.21m from point F. At the point of contraflexure, the value of the shear
force is maximum. Thus, SF = 31.315 -185.16(1.8-1.2) = 142.41 KN

Depth of Strap beam:

Width of strap beam = 300mm.
Since it projects above the footings, T-beam action will be available.
Mmax = 141.832 KN-m
Mu = 212.75 KN-m
Mu = Mulim
212.75x106 = 0.138xfckbd2
i.e. 212.75x106 = 0.138x20x300xd2
This implies, d=507mm, Take d = 510mm.

Depth on the basis of one way shear (or) diagonal tension

Ʈc x K >= Ʈv
Ʈv = Vu/bd
Vu= 1.5x142.41x103
Thus, Ʈv = (213.615x103)/(300d)

Ʈc-max = 2.8 N/mm2 for M20 concrete (IS 456:2000, Table 19)
We have, (1.5x142.41x103)/(300d) = 2.8

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 This implies, d=255 mm which is less than the one found on the basis of bending
compression.
Thus, adopt depth 510mm for strap beam.
Using 16mm dia. bars in 2 layers with 20mm space b/w them (both layers) & providing 8mm
dia. stirrups with 50mm nominal cover.
Effective cover = 50 + 8 + 16 + 16/2 = 82, Take 90mm effective cover.
Thus, overall depth, D= 510 + 90 = 600mm.
Hence, provide strap beam with 300mm width and 600mm depth.
Provide 3-16mm dia. bars each for top and bottom and also provide 2-12mm dia. torsion bars.

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 Footing Size Load Strap Strap Beam Ext. Int.
No. (lxb sq. m) (KN) Beam Reinforcement Footing Footing
Size (bxd Reinf. Reinf.
sq.m)

SF1 1.9x1.9(Ext.) 302(Ext.) 0.30x0.6 3-16mm dia. (T) 12mm 12mm

joining 0 3-16mm dia. (B) dia. @ dia. @
Col. @ 1.8x1.8(Int.) 402(Int.) Ties-8mm dia. @ 150mm 150mm
B1 & B2 150mm c/c c/c c/c
SF2 1.6x1.6(Ext.) 219(ext.) 0.30x0.6 3-16mm dia. (T) 12mm 12mm
joining 0 3-16mm dia. (B) dia. @ dia. @
Col. @ 1.5x1.5(Int.) 249(int.) Ties-8mm dia. @ 150mm 150mm
D1 & D2 150mm c/c c/c c/c
SF3 1.5x1.5(Ext.) 136(ext) 0.30x0.6 3-16mm dia. (T) 12mm 12mm
joining 0 3-16mm dia. (B) dia. @ dia. @
Col. @ 1.5x1.5(Int.) 237(int) Ties-8mm dia. @ 150mm 150mm
D5 & D6 150mm c/c c/c c/c
SF4 1.8x1.8(ext.) 430(ext) 0.30x0.6 3-16mm dia. (T) 12mm 12mm
joining 0 3-16mm dia. (B) dia. @ dia. @
Col. @ 1.8x1.8(Int.) 576(int) Ties-8mm dia. @ 150mm 150mm
B5 & B6 150mm c/c c/c c/c
SF5 1.6x1.6(Ext.) 250(ext) 0.30x0.6 3-16mm dia. (T) 12mm 12mm
joining 0 3-16mm dia. (B) dia. @ dia. @
Col. @ 1.6x1.6(Int.) 353(int) Ties-8mm dia. @ 150mm 150mm
B5 & B6 150mm c/c c/c c/c

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