SHIPBOARD PETROLEUM
SHIPBOARD PETROLEUM SURVEYS Second Edition
SURVEYS
A GUIDE TO GOOD PRACTICE
Second Edition
by ANTHONY SEVERN and
North of England P&I Association
This unique guide explains how good shipboard Anthony Severn is an international expert
on oil claims arising from the custody
survey practice can significantly reduce the risk transfer and sea transport of crude and
of shortage or contamination claims arising petroleum products. In 1983, following
SHIPBOARD
from loading or discharging crude oil and six years at sea with Shell and Chevron,
he joined CWA International, the highly
petroleum products. A range of quantitative and successful London-based commodity and
qualitative monitoring and recording techniques bulk cargo specialist consultancy practice,
is recommended which should ensure that where he is now a director. He has advised
PETROLEUM
on major oil cargo incidents and disputes
potential loss or contamination problems are of all types throughout the world, many
identified at an early stage and can be remedied
requiring urgent attendance and/or highly
cost effectively. The guide is aimed at ship’s detailed investigation for litigation. He has
produced numerous papers on oil claims and
officers, cargo surveyors and all others involved
SURVEYS
tanker cargo operations, is a fellow of the
in monitoring cargo operations. The second Energy Institute and served on the Institute’s
edition has been updated and revised to reflect committee which set out guidelines for cargo
surveyors.
the latest industry developments.
ANTHONY SEVERN AND NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCIATION
North of England P&I Association has
offices in the UK, Greece, Hong Kong
and Singapore and is one of the leading
international mutual marine liability insurers A GUIDE TO GOOD PRACTICE
with over 100 million GT of entered
tonnage. Founded in 1860, the Association Second Edition
has long recognised the importance of
providing practical loss-prevention advice
to its members, believing this to be the most
effective way to reduce the number and scale
of claims. The Association has developed a
world-wide reputation for the quality and
diversity of its loss-prevention initiatives,
which include this series of loss-prevention
guides co-authored with industry experts.
ANTHONY SEVERN
and North of England
£30
ISBN: 978-0-9558257-4-3 P&I Association
NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCIATION NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCIATION
SHIPBOARD
PETROLEUM
SURVEYS
A GUIDE TO GOOD PRACTICE
Second Edition
ANTHONY SEVERN
and North of England P&I Association
NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCIATION
Originally published in 1995 by Anchorage Press
Shipboard Petroleum Surveys
Reprinted in 2004 by North of England P&I Association Limited
ISBN 0 9516627 6 7
Second edition published in 2009 by
North of England P&I Association Limited
The Quayside, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3DU, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 191 232 5221
Fax: +44 191 261 0540
Email: loss.prevention@nepia.com
Website: www.nepia.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written
permission of the publisher.
Copyright © North of England P&I Association Limited 2009
The Authors assert moral copyright in the work.
ISBN 978-0-9558257-4-3
Authors: Anthony Severn, FEI, and North of England P&I Association Limited
Printed and bound in the UK
The authors are grateful to Honeywell Enraf Tanksystem SA in
Bulle, Switzerland for supplying photographs.
This publication is intended for general guidance on shipboard surveys
of petroleum cargoes. Readers should take care to ensure that the
recommendations contained in this publication are appropriate for a particular
situation before implementing them. Whereas every effort has been made to
ensure that recommendations are comprehensive, the North of England P&I
Association and the authors do not under any circumstances whatsoever accept
responsibility for errors, omissions and mis-statements or for the consequences
of implementing or attempting to implement the recommendations.
CONTENTS
Contents
Chapter Page
1. INTRODUCTION 3
Purpose 3
Master’s obligations 3
The need for awareness 4
Inadequacy of the key meeting 4
What can go wrong 5
2. MEASUREMENT CONTROL 8
Terminology 8
Calculation of cargo quantities 9
Vessel experience factor 11
Cargo measurement 14
Measuring equipment 20
Documentation 21
Heated cargoes 23
3. QUALITY CONTROL 24
General 24
Protective measures 28
Sampling 31
APPENDICES 35
I Recommended references 35
II Vessel experience factor calculation 36
III Wedge volume calculation 41
IV Cargo tank condition report 43
V Glossary of terms 47
INDEX 51
