NUMBER SYSTEM
BRIEF REVIEW : RATIONAL NUMBERS
Rational
Numbers 4
5
-2.36
Integers
-3,6
Whole
Numbers 0,9
Natural
Numbers
4
Objective: To study
• Introduction of Irrational numbers
• Real Numbers as Rationals and Irrationals
• Decimal expansion of Real Numbers
• Representation Real Numbers on the number
line
• Operations on Real Numbers
• Rationalisation of Real Numbbers
• Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
• A number ‘s’ is called irrational, if it can not be
p
written in the form q , where p and q are
integers and q ≠ 0.
• Example – square root of non- perfect square
numbers, Cube root of a number which is not a
perfect cube, π
• A rational number can not be irrational and an
irrational can not be rational. This means there is
no number which is both rational as well as
irrational.
REAL NUMBERS
Rational
Numbers REAL NUMBERS
Integers Collection of Rational
and Irrational numbers
Whole together make Real
Numbers numbers
Irrational
Natural numbers
Numbers
√2 ON NUMBER LINE
√3 ON NUMBER LINE
SQUARE ROOT SPIRAL
REAL NUMBERS AND THEIR DECIMAL
EXPANSION
Decimal
Numbers
Terminating Non-
Numbers terminating
Numbers
Recurring Non-recurring
Numbers Numbers
• All terminating and non terminating recurring
p
decimals can be expressed in the form q so
they are RATIONAL NUMBERS.
• No non terminating non recurring number
p
can be expressed as q so they are
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Q Show that 0.222…. Is rational.
Let x = 0.222…
10x = 2.22…
9x = 2
x = 2/9
Q Show that 0.375 is rational
0.375 = 375 / 1000
or 77 / 200
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers
a
All terminating and repeating decimals can be expressed in
this way so they are rational numbers.
b
Examples
4 2 8 6 3 27
5
2
3
= 3
6 = 1 -3 = - 1
2.7 = 10
7 5 3456
0.7 = 10 0.625 = 8 34.56 = 100
1 3 1
0.3 = 3 0.27 =
11 0.142857 = 7
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Determine whether the following are rational or irrational.
(a) 0.73 (b) 2 (c) 0.666…. (d) 3.142 (e) 12.25
rational irrational rational rational irrational
1
(h) ( 2 ) + 1
3
(f) (g) 4 + (i) 16 (j) (3 2) 2
3
7 5 2
irrational irrational rational rational irrational
(j) ( 3 + 1)( 3 + 1) (k) ( 6 + 1)( 6 − 1) (l) (1 + 2 )(1 − 2 )
irrational rational rational
OPERATIONS ON REAL NUMBERS
• The sum or difference of a rational and an
irrational number is irrational.
• The product or quotient of a non zero rational
number with an irrational number is always
irrational.
• Sum, difference, product and quotient of two
irrational numbers may be rational or
irrational
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Questions
State whether each of the following are rational or irrational.
a 6x 7 b 20 x 5 c 27 x 3 d 4x 3
irrational rational rational irrational
32 44 18 25
e f g h
8 11 2 5
rational rational rational irrational
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Combining Rationals and Irrationals
Addition and subtraction of an integer to an irrational number gives
another irrational number, as does multiplication and division.
3
3 8 + 2 11 5 − 4 ( 3 + 5)( 3 + 5) ( 6 + 2)( 6 + 7)
5
3 + 10 3 + 25 6 + 9 6 + 14
= 28 + 10 3 20 + 9 6
REPRESENTATION OF √x ON NUMBER
LINE
RATIONALISING THE DENOMINATOR
WITH SURD
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF SURD
LAWS OF EXPONENTS FOR REAL
NUMBERS
SUMMARY
This chapter is based on real numbers, their
decimal representation and their representation
on number line.
Real numbers are the collection of all the rational
and irrational numbers. It is denoted by the symbol
‘R’.
Every real number can be represented on the number line
with a unique point on the number line. Also, every point
on the number line represents a unique real number. That
is why we call the number line a real number line.
