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Identify The Needs of The Target Group

This document discusses techniques for identifying the needs of target groups and evaluating programs. It outlines that evaluation should be planned in advance, measure progress against goals, involve all parties, and consider both process and outcome criteria. Needs assessment techniques are also described, including individual techniques like interviews and questionnaires, group techniques that allow interaction, secondary data sources, and rapid rural appraisal. Specific individual techniques like face-to-face interviews, key informant interviews, informal and formal observations are also detailed.

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Karolina Dermawan
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80 views11 pages

Identify The Needs of The Target Group

This document discusses techniques for identifying the needs of target groups and evaluating programs. It outlines that evaluation should be planned in advance, measure progress against goals, involve all parties, and consider both process and outcome criteria. Needs assessment techniques are also described, including individual techniques like interviews and questionnaires, group techniques that allow interaction, secondary data sources, and rapid rural appraisal. Specific individual techniques like face-to-face interviews, key informant interviews, informal and formal observations are also detailed.

Uploaded by

Karolina Dermawan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 3

IDENTIFY THE NEEDS OF


THE TARGET GROUP
• Evaluation technique and procedure requirement
- Plan clearly evaluation measures and procedures in advance
to establish the purpose of the evaluation.
- Evaluate programs on individual basis (agricultural programs could
vary from one another)
- Measure progress or success against goal established from the
beginning of the project
- Involve all participating parties in the evaluation
- Develop evaluation strategies that reduce subjectivity and
possible bias
- Consider both process and outcome criteria of the project
EVALUATION INVOLVING
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• Review the participants records for
accuracy of need, project quality and
project growth.
• Prepare a list of questions to ask the
participants, and based on their responses
which can determine the changes or
adaptation for the future to improve their
needs & learning opportunities.
• Discuss plans for improving and/or
expanding the program among the
management members & clients’
representatives.
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
TECHNIQUES

• This section describes different


data-collecting techniques available
for carrying out needs assessment.
The techniques are discussed
under four categories: individual,
group, secondary source, and rapid
rural appraisal.
A. Individual Techniques
Individual techniques involve collecting data
from people one at a time. The people from
whom the needs assessment data are collected
do not interact with one another in the course
of providing data. Individual techniques include
face-to-face interviews, key informant
interviews, questionnaires, informal personal
observations, and formal personal observations.
1. Face-to-Face Interviews.
This technique is appropriate when dealing with less
literate audiences or complex issues about which there
is little available information. Both structured and
unstructured questions are appropriate for face-to-face
interviews, depending on the issues involved and the
time available for the interviews. Unstructured questions
are useful when dealing with complex or sensitive issues
which require probing in order to get accurate data.
2. Key Informant Interviews.
Key informants are people who are
considered experts in a given area
because of their professional
knowledge or their position of
influence in the community or
organization.
3. Questionnaires.
This needs assessment technique tends to be more structured than
interview schedules and can be administered by phone, mail, or in group
settings. Questionnaires are commonly administered in developed
countries by conducting telephone interviews; however, in developing
countries they are rarely administered in this manner because of the
limited availability of telephone.
4. Informal Personal Observations.
Valuable needs assessment data often are
gathered through informal observation.
Fieldworkers see or experience a lot as
they travel and work with farmers in the
field. If noted or remembered, this
information can be used in needs
assessment. People in the habit of keeping
diaries or writing notes to themselves are
more likely to provide more accurate
observational data for assessing needs.
5. Formal Personal Observations.
This needs assessment technique is based on
using rating forms, checklists, or observation
schedules for collecting information. Formal
observations differ from informal personal
observations in that the items to be observed are
predetermined. This technique also can be used
to collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
B. Group Techniques
• Group techniques allow participants to
interact with one another during needs
assessment activities.

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