Exponential Functions

GENERAL MATHEMATICS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson , you will be able to :
➢ Define exponential function
➢ Diagnose exponential function ,exponential
equation and exponential inequality
➢ Investigate the behavior of the graphs of
exponential functions with its properties
GENERAL
RATIONALMATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Review on Properties of exponents
Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be real numbers , variables or algebraic
expressions and let 𝑚 and 𝑛 be integers . Note : All
denominators and bases are non zero.
Property Examples
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 4 2 = 34+2 = 36 = 729
1. 𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑎 3 ∙ 3
𝑎𝑚 𝑚−𝑛 𝑥5
2. = 𝑎 5−3 2
𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑥 = 𝑥
−𝑛 1 𝑥3 2
3. 𝑎 = 1 1
𝑎𝑛
𝑦 −2 = 𝑦 2 = 𝑦
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Review on Properties of exponents
4. 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎 ≠ 0 (𝑥 + 3) = 1 0
5. 𝑎𝑏 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑚 3
5𝑥 = 53 𝑥 3 = 125𝑥 3
6. 𝑎 𝑚 𝑛
=𝑎 𝑚𝑛
𝑦 3 (−4) =𝑦 −12 1
𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
= 12
7. = 3 3
𝑦
𝑏 𝑏𝑚 2 2 8
= 3 = 3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 What is an Exponential Function ?
An exponential function 𝑓 with the base 𝑏 is a
function of the form
𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏 or 𝑦 = 𝑏 ,
where 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1 and all real numbers 𝑥.

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Illustrative Example

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Here are some examples of exponential Functions
Exponent

𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+1 ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥+2 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑔 𝑥 = 10 𝑟 𝑥 =
2

Base
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Author, Date
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH| Page no.
SCHOOL
Identify the following if it is exponential function or
not. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 NOT an Exponential Function

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥−1 − 1 Exponential Function

𝑥 −2
𝑟 𝑥 = 2 NOT an Exponential Function
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3
𝑥+1 NOT an Exponential Function
𝑚 𝑥 =1

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Exponential Functions, Equations and
Inequalities
REVIEW

An exponential expression is an
𝑥
expression of the form: 𝑏
where 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Exponential Exponential Exponential
Function Equation Inequality
Function of the An equation An inequality
form involving involving
Definition
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥, exponential exponential
where 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1. expressions
expressions

Example f(x) = 2x+1 32x = 5 31-x>3

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Exponential Exponential Exponential
Function Equation Inequality
Function of the An equation An inequality
form involving
Definition involving
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥, exponential
exponential
where 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1. expressions
expressions

Example f(x) = 2x+1 - 1 32x = 5 31-x>3

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Identify the following
2𝑥+1 = 51−𝑥 Exponential Equation

𝑥
1 Exponential Function
𝑓 𝑥 =1−
2
1+𝑥
2<5
Exponential Inequality

𝟐𝒙+𝟔
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝟐 Exponential Function

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Graphing Exponential
Functions

GENERAL MATHEMATICS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Terms:
Domain of a function is the set of all values that the input or
variable 𝑥 can take.
Range is the set of all values that y or 𝑓 𝑥 . Having these values
will give you a general initial idea on what will the graph will look
like.
Intercepts – intercepts are the point(s) on the graph that lie on
the 𝑥 -axis (when 𝑦 = 0) or 𝑦-axis (when 𝑥 = 0).
Asymptote – an asymptote is the line that a graph keeps
approaching but never touches it. Asymptotes can be vertical,
horizontal
Presentation Title
or oblique
Procedure in constructing the exponential graphs
are the following:
Step 1. Find the domain and range
Step 2. Solve the x and y-intercepts
Step 3 Find the asymptotes
Step 4 Construct the table of values and plot the points
Step 5 Sketch the graph using smooth curves to complete
the graph between and beyond the vertical asymptotes.

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Let’s visualize the graphs

Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑥 ,𝑏 > 1
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: (0,1)
increasing
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote
continuous

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Let’s visualize the graphs
Graph of 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒃𝒙 , 𝟎 < 𝒃 < 𝟏
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: (0,1)
Decreasing
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote
continuous

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Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 𝒙
Example: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 ,𝒃 > 𝟏
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 4 8 Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: 0,1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
= 20
y= 1
increasing
x-axis is a horizontal
asymptote
continuous

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 𝟏 𝒙
Example: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟐
𝟏𝒙
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = ,𝟎 < 𝒃 < 𝟏
𝟐
𝒙
𝟏 Domain: (−∞, +∞)
𝒈 𝒙 =
𝟐 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8
Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: 0,1
𝟏𝒙
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟐
y= 1
decreasing
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote
continuous

Presentation Title
Graphing Transformations of Exponential function
𝒙−𝒄
in the form of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 +𝒅

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 𝒙−𝒄
The 𝒂 in 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 +𝒅
𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
Example: Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝒙 = and 𝑔 𝒙 =𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒙
Graph of 𝒈𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟑 X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝟐
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
𝐱 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8
Range: (0, +∞) 𝐟 𝐱 =
𝟏
𝟐
y-intercept: (0,3) 24 12 6 3 1.5 3/4 3/8
𝒙 𝟏
𝐱
𝟏 𝐠 𝐱 =𝟑
𝑓 𝑥 =𝟑 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟎
=𝟑
𝟐
y= 3
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote
Presentation Title
The 𝒂 in 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙𝒃 𝒙−𝒄 +𝒅
Graph of 𝒈𝟏 𝒙 = Graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 ,𝒃 > 𝟏
𝟏 𝒙 Domain: (−∞, +∞)
𝟑
𝟐
Range: (0, +∞)
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
y-intercept: 0,1
Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: (0,3) decreasing
x-axis is a horizontal x-axis is a horizontal
asymptote asymptote
continuous

Presentation Title
 𝟏 𝒙
Graph of 𝒈𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝟒
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞)
1
y-intercept: (0, )
4
increasing
x-axis is a horizontal
asymptote
continuous
Presentation
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Graphing Transformations of Exponential function
𝒙−𝒄
in the form of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 +𝒅

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The 𝒄 in 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 𝒙−𝒄 +𝒅
Example:Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ,𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥+3 , and ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥−3

Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 Graph of 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙+𝟑 Graph of ℎ 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙−𝟑

Domain: (−∞, +∞) Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞) Range: (0, +∞)
y-intercept: 0,1 y-intercept: (0,8) Range: (0, +∞)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝟎 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒙+𝟑 1
y-intercept: (0, )
𝟎+𝟑 8
𝑦=𝟏 = 𝟐
y = 𝟐 𝒙−𝟑
x-axis is a horizontal =𝟖
y = 𝟐 𝟎−𝟑
asymptote x-axis is a horizontal
continuous asymptote 𝟏
continuous y=
𝟖
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 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃𝒙−𝒄 + 𝒅

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Graphing Transformations of Exponential function
𝒙−𝒄
in the form of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 +𝒅

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The 𝒅 in 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 𝒙−𝒄 +𝒅
Example:Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ,𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3, and ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 −
3
Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 Graph of 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟑 Graph of ℎ 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑
Domain: (−∞, +∞) Domain: (−∞, +∞) Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (0, +∞) Range: (3, +∞)
y-intercept: (0,3) Range: (−3, +∞)
y-intercept: 0,1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝟎 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒙+𝟑 y-intercept: (0, −2)
𝟎+𝟑 𝒙
𝑦=𝟏 = 𝟐 y = 𝟐 −𝟑
x-axis is a horizontal =𝟑 y= 𝟐 𝟎−𝟑
asymptote horizontal asymptote: y = −𝟐
continuous 𝒚=𝟑
horizontal asymptote:
𝒚 = −𝟑
continuous
Presentation Title
 Observations:
• The domain of the three graphs is the set ℝ.
• The range of the three graphs changed. The
range of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 is (0, +∞) ,𝑔 𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟑
is (3, +∞) and ℎ 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 − 3 is : (−3, +∞)
• All are increasing functions
• The y-intercept of 𝑔 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 3 vertically
translated 3 units up while the y-intercept of
ℎ 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 − 3 vertically translated 3 units down
from the intercept of function 𝑓.
• The horizontal asymptote of the of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 is
𝑦 = 0 or the x-axis, shift 3 units up to get the
asymptote of 𝑔 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 3 which is y=-3 and 3
units down to get the asymptote of the ℎ 𝑥 =
2 𝑥 − 3 which is 𝑦 = −3
• The graph of function ℎ shift 3 units vertically
down from function 𝑓. It also shows that function
𝑔 shift 3 units vertically up from function 𝑓.
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Transformations
Summary
Vertical stretching 𝑎>1

Vertical Shrinking 0<𝑎<1

Horizontal shift 𝑐<0 Horizontal shift of c

units to the left

𝑐>0 Horizontal shift of c

units to the right

Vertical shift 𝑑<0 Vertical shift of d

units down
𝑑>0 Vertical shift of d
units up

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Describe the transformations of the graph from the parent
function
𝑥+2 Increasing
𝑚(𝑥) = 5
Horizontal shift 2 units to the left
𝑥
1 decreasing
𝑓 𝑥 = +2
2
Vertically shift 2 units up

𝑔 𝑥 =𝟒 𝟐 𝒙−𝟔 increasing
Vertically stretches 4 units
Horizontally shift 6 units to the right
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Title INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Thank you
and
God Bless!

GENERAL MATHEMATICS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL