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Dl Day dao ete wee "New Designoctions”
5.1 Cooling classes of transformers
‘Transformers shall be identified according to the cooling method employed, For liquid-immersed
transformers, this identification is expressed by a four leer code a described below. These designations are
‘consistent with IEC 60076-2: 1993,
‘First letter: Internal cooling medium in contact with the windings
© mineral oil or synthetic insulating liquid with fire poin” < 300°C
K insulating liquid with fire point > 300°C
LE insulatng liquid with no measurable fire point
Second leter: Cireulation mechanism fr internal cooling medium
N natural convection low through cooling equipment and in windings
F forced circulation through cooling equipment (ie, coolant pumps), natural convection flow in
windings (also called nondirected flow)
D forced circulation through cooling equipment, directed from the cooling equipment into at lest the
sain windings
Third eter: External cooling medium:
A oar
Wo water
Fourth leer: Circulation mechanism for extemal cooling medium:
NN natural convection
F forced circulation {fans (ar cooling), pumps (water cooling)]
NOTES:
{min a wansformer with forced, nondiected cooling, second code leer F), the rts of coolant Row through all the
windings vay with te loading, and ae ot cireey controled by the pump. The pumped ol ows ely inside theta
dis ot forced to flow through te windings.
2m transformer designated as having force diected coolant circulation (second code lett D), the rate of coolant
flow through the main windings is determined bythe pumps and no bythe loading. A minor faction of the coolant flow
through the cooling equipmect may be directed outside te main windings to provide cooling for core and other prs
‘Regulating windings andor her windings having relavely low power may ali have nondiectod coolant iculton.
‘A transformer may be specified with more than one power rating (also refered to as cooling stages). The
transformer nameplate shal ist the rated power and cooling class designation for each rating. The ratings
shal be listed in order of increasing power. The cooling class designations are normally listed in order with
‘diagonal slash separating each one.
Examples:
ONAN/ONAE The transformer has a set of fans which may be putin service as desired at high load-
ing. The coolant circulation is by natural convection only.
ONAN/OFAF. The coolant circulation is by natural convection only at base loading. However, the
transformer has cooling equipment with pumps and fans to increase the power-carying capacity at
high loading
[Examples ofthe cooling class designations used in IEEE Sud CS7.12.00-1993 and in previous revisions, and
the corresponding new designations, are provided in Table 2
“Fe pint —The lowest temper st which & specimen wil stn baming fr 5. (ASTM D298 “Cleveland Open Cup st
8 Comin 9900 IEEE al nt acs (eee
LIQUID-IMMERSED DISTRIBUTION, POWER, AND REGULATING TRANSFORMERS Sta 057,12,00-2000
Table 2—Cooling class designation
resent designations Previous designations
‘ONAN On
ONAF FA
‘ONAN/ONAF/ONAF OAMFAVEA
‘ONAN/ONAF/OFAF | ‘OAIFAIFOA
ONANIODAF OAMFOA®
‘ONAN/ODAFIODAF OAIFOAYFOA®
OFAF FOA,
OFWF FOW
ODAF FOA*
ODWwF OW!
“Indicates directed oil flow per Table 9, NOTE 2 of IEEE Std CS7.12.00-1993,
5.2 Frequency
Unless otherwise specified, transformers shall be designed for operation at a frequency of 60 Hz.
5.3 Phases
5.3.1 General
‘Transformers described in this standard are either single-phase or three-phase. Standard ratings are included
in the product standards for particular types of transformers. When specified, other phase arrangements may
be provided.
5.3.2 Scott-connected or T-connected transformers.
5.3.2.1 Phase transformation
‘These may be provided to accomplish three-phase to two-phase transformation, or vice versa; or to accom-
plish three-phase to three-phase transformation. Several arrangements commonly utilized to accomplish
such transformations are described here.
5.3.2.2 Dissimilar single-phase transformers
‘Two single-phase transformers are assembled in an enclosure, and permanently interconnected, with the fol-
lowing characteristics:
a) Performance characteristics shall be based on bank operation of three-phase to two-phase transfor-
‘mation or vice versa,
) The single-phase transformers may not be identical or interchangeable.
Copyright © 2000 IEEE. Alright reserved. 9 Siew Plawune
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Etr Hove mbev 1278 Traushrmer_applicahon refernes
1) "Traushrmer Gas Avalysis delps Trace Degredarion”
TN. Oomeny Electric Tight and Pace Magazive, ,
Nov. 1979, pp. 6-28.
Z) Protective slowing . Prinsiples Aoplicebions 5
Trews Blackburn, (967, Marcel Petker. Chopter J.
2 "Transkrmer Grnections in Twee- Chase
Distrilction Systems", LW. Lon Teee Telerie\
Sy
Course at Summer Meetin® CParwiond, 02) July (476.
4) "Short- Civewit Choracterishes eT Trenshorwers>,
r,s se ——™—_™ at Summer
Meeting (ParHand ,O%) July 197%,
5) Electicel Epoipment Testing 4 Maintenance , As. Git,
(982 , Beston Publishing,
6) ANST Standards C9712 C fuser Transfarmers)
ASTM ctandov se DEBIT, DING. Ciselats ep
3) ANSE Standard C374) ( Pelaying ~ Tre asforwers)
qQ ANSE Stavrierd 257,104 CTrawsforoer era ~ Fouts) {7
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a A pri
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On Indicating Contactor Switch (ICS)
No setting is required on the ICS unit except
the selection of the 0.2 or 2.0 ampere tap setting.
This selection is made by connecting the lead
located in front of the tap block to the desired set-
ting by means of the connecting screw. When the
relay energizes 125-or 250-volt de type WL relay
switch, or equivalent, use the 0.2-ampere tap; for
48 volt DC applications set relay in 2 tap and use
Type WL Relay coil $4304C209G01 or
equivalent.
Indicating Instantaneous Trip (IIT)
No setting is required on the indicating instan-
taneous trip unit. This unit is set at the factory to
pickup as follows:
HU/HU-1 Relays 10 times tap value current
HU-4 Relay 15 times tap value current
SETTING CALCULATIONS
Select the ratio matching taps. There are no
other settings. In order to calculate the required
tap settings and check current transformer per-
formance the foliowing information is required,
Required Information
1. Maximum
(KVA)M
2. Maximum external fault currents
3. Line-to-Line voltage ratings of power
transformer (Vyq, Vy, VL)
Current transformer ratios, full tap (N-)
Current transformer “C” accuracy class
voltage, (or excitation or ratio correction
factor curve)
6. One way current transformer lead resist-
ance at 25°C (RL) (when using excitation
curve, include ct winding resistance)
7. Current transformer connections (wye or
delta)
8. ct secondary winding resistance, Rg.
transformer power rating
Definitions of Terms
Ip= Primary current at (KVA)y
IR = Relay input current at (KVA)M
IRH. IRL, IRI ate same as Ip except
for high, low and intermediate voltage
sides respectively.
LL 6-3e748
Ig = ct secondary current at (KVA)M,
T= relay tap setting.
TH. TL. Ty = are same as T except for
high, low and intermediate voltage wind-
ings, respectively.
N =Number of current transfo.mer turns
that are in use.
Np=N/Nr (Proportion of total turns in use)
full tap
“C” accuracy class voltage
Burden impedance of any devices other
than the HU, HU-1, or HU-4 relays,
with maximum external fault current
flowing.
ax. symmetrical external fault current
in secondary RMS amperes.
Text
Zy=Total secondary burden in ohms (ex-
cluding current transformer winding re-
sistance.)
Calculation Procedure
1. Select currert transformer taps, where
multi-ratio types are used. Select a tap to
give approximately 5 amperes at maximum
load. This will provide good sensitivity
and will produce no thermal problem to
the ct., the leads or the relay. Better sen-
sitivity can be achieved by selecting a tap
to give more than 5 amperes if a careful
check is made of the ct, the leads and the
relay capability. For determining the re-
quired continuous rating of the relay, use
the expected two-hour maximum load,
since tne relay reaches final temperature
in this time.
2. Calculate the relay currents, Ip. All re-
lay currents for relay tap selection should
be based on the same KVA capacity.
3. Calculate the relay current ratio(s) using
the lowest current as reference.
4, Select the tap ratio as close as possible to
relay current ratio from Table 1. Choose
the first relay tap ratio using the largest
current ratio from step 3. The other tap
ratios shou'd be determined using the lower
tap from the first tap ratio as reference, t eS ‘
IR_ should not exceed relay continuous [NpVet - ext = 100 RQ / Text \
rating as defined in Energy Requirement is greater than Zy @
ue | Note: let Text = 100 e)
5. Check IIT operation. The IIT pickup is ten "Tudeaco maximum external fault current is |
times the relay tap value for the HU and less than 100A. i
HU-I, or 15 times tap value for the HU-4.
Therefore, the maximum symmetrical error For wye-connected ct \
current which is flowing in the differential Zr = lead resistance + relay burden + Z,
T A
circuit on external fault current due to dis- Aa
similar ct saturation should not exceed 10 = LI3RL +2 + Za ohms (3)
or 15 times relay tap.
(RL multiplier, 1.13, is used to account for
6. Determine Mismatch
ne temperature rise during faults 245 is an
For 2 winding banks:
T
approximation. Use 2 way lead resistance
(rv/IrH)-(TL/TH) ny for single phase to ground fault.)
9 mismatch = 1
0 Ss
For delta-connected ct:
where Sis the smaller of the two terms, os
(RL/IRH) oF (TL/TH) Zp = 3 (1.13 RE + z + Za) ohms
For 3 winding banks:
0.45
Repeat calculation of equation (1) and 34 RL +o 4370 %
apply similar equations to calculate mis- . Sti
match from the intermediate to high and (The factor of 3 accounts for conditions e
from the intermediate to low voltage existing during a phase fault.)
windings. 8. Examples
Refer to pages 19, 20 and 21 and figure 21
Where tap changing under load is per- for setting examples.
formed the relays should be set on the basis
of the middle or neutral tap position. The
total mismatch, including the automatic TABLE1 |
tap change should not exceed 15% with a F
30% sensitivity relay, and 20% with a 35% HU Relay Tap Ratios |
sensitivity relay. Note from Fig. 11 that 29]32] 35] 38] 42] 46 | 50] 87
an ample safety margin exists at these
levels of mismatch. 29 | 1,000] 1.103] 1.207] 1.310|1.448]1.586]1.724| 3.000
32 1-000] 1093} 1-188]1:313]1-438]1'563)2.719
33 1000} 10861 200}1.314|1-429/2.486
1. Check current transformer performance. | 33 00 poli oss] aselsone
Ratio error should not exceed 10% with 46 1,000) 1, 1.890,
maximum symmetrical external fault. 3.0 1. 1.740,
current flowing. An accurate method of [8.7 a |
determining ratio error is to use ratio- ‘
correction-factor curves (RCF). A. less
accurate, but satisfactory method is to INSTALLATION
utilize the ANSI relaying accuracy classi-
fication. If the “C" accuracy is used, The relays should be mounted on switchboard
performance will be adequate if: panels or their equivalent ina location fee from
8
$$ OOOO a EE __________eeEEEeEOooOO
44-3478
‘TWO-WINDING TRANSFORMER CALCULATIONS (See Figure 21)
Low HIGH
1. Seloet ot Ratio
1, - kv 00 — o30
PK Be
Select Ratio | 1000/5 (N = 200)
2. Calculate Relay Current
Ip i)
-t- TBs 465 amp
In Igy = 4.65V3 = 8.05 Amp,
3, Caloulate Current Ratio
TRE
RE
4. Select Tap Ratio from Table I: Ty
TH
Ig > relay continuous rating No No
5. Check IT Operation
Max. Symmetrical error current No
> 10 times relay tap
6 Determine Mismate:
% Mismatch =
Iee/Ipn) (Tp =
joo HER/RH) = TL/TD 109 825/418) (8.7/4.6) _
TWh 746
1.92 - 1.89
100 ES = 108
7. Check ot Performance
Check ct Performance 05 0.15
34K, +e Lig, +28 =
7 T b Ls
s4xo4+ 23 136+005= | 1.13K04+215 = 0.45 +003 =
L.4t ohms 0.48 ohms
N 40
SR = 0.833 a = 0333
(Xp You) | 0.833 X 200 _ 65 | 2233 x00 a
700 700 ead 100
(Np Vey /100) > 27 Yes | Yes
Conclusion T=? Ty
30% sensitivity Relay is adequate
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oopzt = 7A ooos9 = A ood = Ha ooosa = Ma SLIOA Ov z= 0
oos'z = Stvax) cove = Stuaw) ooobe = Siva c00' = Sivay) 00's! = Siwaw)
oov'ot = Mynx) c0006 = Mivny) coder = Mvaw ooo'02 = Movayi oodoz = Mvaw)
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