EXPERIMENT #06
OPERATING SYSTEM
An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface between the end
user and computer hardware. Every computer must have at least one OS to run other
programs. An application like Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc needs some
environment in which it will run and perform its task. The OS helps you to
communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without
having an operating system.
Features of Operating System
Here is a list commonly found important features of an Operating System:
Protected and supervisor mode
Allows disk access and file systems Device drivers Networking Security
Program Execution
Memory management Virtual Memory Multitasking
Handling I/O operations
Manipulation of the file system
Error Detection and handling
Resource allocation
Information and Resource Protection
Types of Operating system
Batch Operating System
Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
Multiprocessing OS
Real Time OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Mobile OS
Batch Operating System
Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same
process, a job with a similar type of needs are batched together and run as a group.
The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In
this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch
card and submit it to the computer operator.
Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems
Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to
use a single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is
shared among multiple users is termed as time sharing.
Real time OS
A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very
small. Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems.
Distributed Operating System
Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide
very fast computation to its users.
Network Operating System
Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to
manage data, user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.
Mobile OS
Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power
smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.
Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include
BlackBerry, Web, and watchOS.
The advantage of using Operating System
Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction
Easy to use with a GUI
Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications
The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to
use
Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware
components
It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format
Acts as an intermediator between all hardware's and software's of the system
Disadvantages of using Operating System
If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored
in your system
Operating system's software is quite expensive for small size organization
which adds burden on them. Example Windows
It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time
Summary
An operating system is a software which acts as an interface between the end
user and computer hardware
Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape
storage
The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The only
job performed by the kernel is to the manage the communication between the
software and the hardware
Two most popular kernels are Monolithic and MicroKernels
Process, Device, File, I/O, Secondary-Storage, Memory management are
various functions of an Operating System
Batch, Multitasking/Time Sharing, Multiprocessing, Real Time, Distributed,
Network, Mobile are various types of Operating Systems
