Cloud NFVI Overview

Ericsson Indonesia

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Agenda
• Cloud Introduction
• Virtual Machines
• Hypervisors
• Cloud & NFV

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Cloud Introduction
History
— Huge mainframe computers (1950s)
— ARPANET was developed (1960s)
— IBM released an OS called VM (1970s)
— Telecom companies started offering virtualized
private network connections around 1990s
— Amazon provided first public cloud service (AWS)

http://www.thoughtsoncloud.com/2015/04/a-brief-history-of-cloud-
1950-to-present-day/

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Cloud Introduction
What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network

access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential
characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
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Cloud Introduction
Cloud Service Models
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is fully self-service for accessing and monitoring things like computers, networking, storage, and
other services, and it allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand and as-needed instead of
having to buy hardware outright.
Example : Ericsson CEE, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Compute Engine (GCE)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS provides a platform for software creation. This platform is delivered over the web, and gives
developers the freedom to concentrate on building the software while still not having to worry about
operating systems, software updates, storage, or infrastructure.
Examples : AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
Also known as cloud application services, represents the most commonly utilized option for businesses
in the cloud market.
Examples : Google Apps, Dropbox, GoToMeeting
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Cloud Introduction
Cloud Service Models

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Cloud Introduction
Cloud Characteristics
1) On-demand Self Service
Cloud computing resources can be provisioned without human interaction from the service provider.
2) Broad Network Access
Cloud computing resources are available over the network and can be accessed by diverse customer
platforms.
3) Resource Pooling
Cloud computing resources are designed to support a multi-tenant model that allows multiple
customers to share the same applications or the same physical infrastructure
4) Rapid Elasticity
Ability to quickly provision resources and reduce the resource in the cloud based on need.
5) Measured Service
Cloud resource usage whether virtual server instances that are running or storage in the cloud can be
monitored and measured.
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Cloud Introduction
Cloud Deployment Model
1) Public clouds
This type of cloud deployment model supports all users who want to make use of a computing
resource, such as hardware (OS, CPU, memory, storage) or software (application server, database) on
a subscription basis.
2) Private clouds
A private cloud is typically infrastructure used by a single organization.
3) Hybrid clouds
In a hybrid cloud, an organization makes use of interconnected private and public cloud infrastructure
4) Community clouds
This deployment model supports multiple organizations sharing computing resources that are part of
a community

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Cloud Introduction
Cloud Deployment Model

Public Cloud Cloud

Service Provider
Internet

ISP Everything on
COMPANY A
the Internet
ISP

Private Cloud Non-sensitive

data
Sensitive data

Branch Corporate NW Branch

Branch Corporate NW Branch
Office of COMPANY B Office
Office of COMPANY B Office

Everything on
Branch private servers Branch
Office Office Hybrid Cloud

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Virtual Machines

Provides virtualized and emulated components needed by the system, including CPUs, RAM, storage
(disk images), networking, BIOS, video, audio, etc.

VM VM VM VM VM VM VM

Hypervisor

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Virtual Machines
Disk Images
• Disk images contain the contents of the
disks available to the virtual machine
• Disk image file formats may be open
standards, such as the ISO image format
for optical disc images
• In virtualization, a hard disk image is
interpreted by a hypervisor as a system
hard disk drive (.vmdk for VMware VMDK,
.vhd for Xen and Microsoft Hyper-V, .vdi for
Oracle VM VirtualBox, etc.)

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Virtual Machines
Open Virtualization Format (OVF)
• Container format that contains disk images
plus metadata information about the virtual
machine
• An OVF package always contains : Guest APP
— exactly one OVF descriptor (a file with Boot images
for one or more VMs Guest OS
extension .ovf)
— one or more disk images
VM1
— optionally certificate files and other
auxiliary files Network environment
information
OVF
descriptor

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Virtual Machines
VM Creation
Sample for a basic machine using qemu : Sample for cloud software adds automation to the
— Create a disk image task using OpenStack :
qemu-img create -f qcow2
/var/lib/libvirt/images/guest.qcow2 8192
— Create the VM
qemu-kvm –name Test -m 512 -hda
/var/lib/libvirt/images/guest.qcow2,format=qcow2

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Virtual Machines
What about my data?
• Virtual machine storage is volatile, which is • Cloud software such as Openstack and
called “ephemeral storage” Ericsson CEE provides mechanisms to manage
• To ensure data remains after VM termination, storage
“persistent storage” can be used
• Where is VM data stored? VM VM
— Locally on the compute node
— Remotely, using shared storage

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Virtual Machines
Network Virtualization
• Decoupling of application from physical
switching and routing infrastructure
• On the fly network reconfiguration without Application Application

physical access VM VM
• Same physical networking infrastructure
shared among isolated virtual applications Hypervisor

NIC Host

Network L3 Network L2

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Hypervisor
What is a Hypervisor?
• A hypervisor enables hardware virtualization by allowing multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run
on a single host system at the same time. The guest OS shares the hardware of the host computer,
such that each OS appears to have its own processor, memory and other hardware resources.
• The term hypervisor was first coined in 1956 by IBM to refer to software programs distributed with
IBM RPQ for the IBM 360/65. The hypervisor program installed on the computer allowed the sharing
of its memory.

Virtualization is a technology to
Virtualization

Apps Apps
partition processing resources Apps
(CPU, memory, storage and OS OS
IO/transport network) to execute OS
Hypervisor
different OS and applications on (Virtualization Sw)
HW
the same HW HW

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Hypervisor
Hypervisor Types
VM

Type 1: Hosted
• Requires an underlying Operating System
(Runs just like any other application) OS OS OS OS OS
• Operating System controls CPU scheduling,
memory allocation and so on Hypervisor Hypervisor
• More portable (Doesn’t care about hardware)
• Slower than Native
OS OS OS
• Examples include VirtualBox and Parallels

Hardware

Virtualised Stack – Hosted

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Hypervisor
Hypervisor Types (2)
VM
Type 2: Native (or Bare Metal)
• Natively run on the server hardware and
controls all hardware App App App
• No Operating System “in the way”
• Controls all aspects such as CPU scheduling, OS OS OS
Memory Allocation.
• Original form of Virtualization
Hypervisor
• Dates back to 1960s
• Examples include VMWare and KVM
Hardware

Virtualised Stack – Native

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Hypervisor
Most Popular Hypervisors

VMWare KVM
• Started in 1998 • Started by startup company Qumranet (Now
• First commercial x86 virtualization product part of RedHat)
• Over 50% of market share • Rather than build it’s own kernel, a kernel
• Large install base module is loaded with turns kernel into a
• Large competence base hypervisor
• Most COTS hardware supports VMWare • Any modern version of Linux supports KVM
• Some even ship ESXi has an onboard, • Open Source
bootable image • Actively developed
• Many commercial companies provide support
(eg Intel with DPDK)

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Hypervisor
KVM Basics
• KVM itself is not a hypervisor • Requires another application to manage the
— It turns the existing Linux kernel into a VMs
hypervisor — libvirt is the primary method
— Manages the interaction between the guest • CLI or GUI Tools interact with libvirt
OSs and kernel/hardware via the /dev/kvm — virsh or qemu
device — Virtual Machine Manager

• It supports hardware virtualisation when

available
— Eg Intel VT-x or AMD-V

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Cloud & NFV
ITU Cloud

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Cloud & NFV
ETSI NFV

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Cloud & NFV
Ericsson NFVI Mapping to ETSI

Ericsson
Orchestrator Ericsson Cloud Manager /
Atlas
ENM

vEPC vMSS vUDC vIMS

Ericsson Cloud Execution

CEE & Cloud SDN Environment

Ericsson Cloud SDN

BSP 8100, HDS 8000 HW, 3PP HW SDI Manager &

Networking Ericsson Hyper-scale Data
Center System 8000 (Data –
Center)
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Telkomsel NPC

Os-Ma-nfvo NFV
OSS/BSS
Orchestrator
Ve-Vnfm-em Or-Vnfm Or-Vi
Element Management
VNF Manager
vEPG
VNF VNF VNF Ve-Vnfm-vnf Vi-Vnfm

Vn-Nf Vn-Nf Vn-Nf

CS-Core
Virtual Virtual Virtual PS-Core Nodes IMS Nodes
Nodes
Compute Network Storage SDNc
PNF
(Contrail) Telkomsel Radio/Access
VIM (CEE)
Backup-
FCAPS IP Network Network
Restore Vi-Ha Vi-Ha
(UIM)
(Commvault) Other Network
Compute Storage Network DC-GW Nodes
L2/L3
Network
External L2/L3
Network

Legend

Scope-in

Out of Solution Scope

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How does it look like physically?
Rack #1 Rack #2 Rack #3 Rack #4

Networking

Compute + Storage
Storage

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Feedback Link

Please fill the feedback on :

http://bit.ly/TENCAFB

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ericsson.com/nfv