CS1000
Basic Programming
Computing Lab -II
Dr. Arun Kumar
Dept. of CSE, NIT Rourkela
Odisha-769008
C Programming Language
Programming
Language
Instructions
Program
Programmer Computer
Why C? History and why you should
study C?
Inventor – Dennis Ritchie in 1972 (Book : The C
Programming Language - Ritchie & kernighan)
Why we call is C? Why now D, E, F, G etc. ?
It’s the successor of B Language and B language is
the successor of BCPL (Basic Combined
Programming Language).
BCPL
C
Why C? History and why you should
study C?
A basic foundation for learning programming
language elements: easy and simple to learn
Efficient and reliable
C is a general purpose programming language:
Embedded System Programs are written in C
Microwave Oven
Washing machines
Digital Cameras
NASA MARS ROVER
Why C? History and why you should
study C?
Major parts of popular OS like windows, Linux, Unix
are written in C.
C provides several language elements that makes
interaction with hardware.
Several Gaming programs are also developed in C.
If you know C then learning C++, Java and C# is very
easy.
Programming Languages
Low Level High Level
Machine Level Assembly Language
01010010001 MOV A,5
01110010101 MOV B,2
00101100001 ADD A,B
More About High Level Languages
The languages are designed keeping in mind features
of portability.
The languages are machine independent.
Programs are portable
Easy to write and understand.
The programmer pays whole attention to logic of the
program.
Translators
For translating high level and low level language to
machine language: German to Hindi
Assembler: Assembly Level Machine Level
Interpreter:
High Level Machine Level
Interpreter searches the error statement by statement
Compiler:
High Level Machine Level
Compiler searches all errors in the code and lists them
Some High Level Languages
BASIC
FORTRAN
PASCAL
COBOL
C
C++
Java
Object file
.obj or .o
Memory .c
.exe
First C Program
/* Comments within code*/ To include
information about
#include<stdio.h> standard
main() Function main input/output
{
printf(“Hello World\n”); Body of Function
}
Second C Program
/* This program accepts an integer as
input and outputs the same integer*/
#include <stdio.h>
main ()
{
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n);
}
Third C Program
/* This program takes an integer n as
input and outputs the square n2 of n.*/
#include <stdio.h>
main ()
{
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n*n);
}
How to run a program in Windows
Toolset- Turbo C, GNU C Compiler, MS Visual C,
How to Compile and Run C program in Windows?
Turbo C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRnIQhYTsXM
Writing the code
How to Compile and Run C program Using GCC on
Ubuntu?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLjN6jAg-sYcc
hello.c
Compiling C Program - Linux
Writing the code
vi hello.c
insert data (i)
save changes (Keys: esc:wq)
cc hello.c
The compiler generates an executable
a.out
Type ./a.out
Output
Hello World
Compiling C Program - Linux
Create a directory: mkdir progs
Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Copy a file to a directory: cp file1.c progs/file3.c
Move a file to another: mv file1.c file2.c
Move a file to a directory: mv file1.c progs/file3.c
Delete a file: rm filename
References
Kanetkar, Yashavant, “Let Us C”
“ANSI C” by Balaguruswamy
S. K. Srivastava and Deepali Srivastava, “C In Depth”.
Kernighan and Ritchie, “The C Programming
Language”
Thank You
