Database Systems
Khawar Iqbal Malik
Introduction to Data and Information
Definition of Data
Data can be referred to raw material from which
we can draw conclusion after analysis or the facts
from which we can infer new facts. Data has nothing
to do with decision making but the data lays down
foundation for decision making. Data is collected
and further analyzed to convert it into information
suitable for decision making. Data and information
are two separate things and are not to be confused
with each other.
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Data
Telephone Directory
Huge collection of Data
Telephone Directory have internal structure
Facts with Structure is Data !
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Data
File on Computer with Student Record of Ten
Thousand Students - Fact
Student id, student Name, CGPA – Structure is
there
Again Facts with Structure is Data !
Introduction to Data and Information
What is Information
Processed data is Information
Particular Piece of Data
Typically Required Data
!
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Information
Telephone Directory
Processed Data: Finding out Address of Dentist
Telephone number of Colleague
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Information
File on Computer with Student Record of Ten
Thousand Students - Fact
StudentName with GPA more than Three
Limited Set of Students !
Introduction to Data and Information
Comparison of Data and Information
Both are often as if they are Synonym
Truth: Nothing in Common
Both have different Meaning
Introduction to Data and Information
Comparison of Data and Information
Information is dependent on Data
Data leads to Information
Information is usually subset of Data
Introduction to Data and Information
Difference Between Data and
Information: Example -1
File: Storing Flight Route from One City to
Another
Structure: Origin, Destination, Date of Departure,
Time of Departure
Introduction to Data and Information
Difference Between Data and
Information: Example -1
Fact: Two Thousand Routes are Stored
Qualifies to be Data
Information: Flight from Lahore to Karachi on 15-
April
Example : Difference Between Data
and Information
Introduction to Data and Information
Life with and without Database
Database is organized data in digital procedure
Same function but different application
It can handle different set of data with large
capacity
Introduction to Data and Information
Life with and without Database
Manually handling lot of files
Chances of data loss is very high
Have information but pulled wrong
More cabinets then today
Introduction to Data and Information
Benefits of Using Databases
Less Redundancy
Too much data to handle manually
Easy access to data on demand
Introduction to Data and Information
Benefits of Using Databases
Example of Driving License and Passport
Same Profile Data but repeated again
Quantum of Repeat ion !!!
Introduction to Data and Information
Why Database not Information Base
Database is all about storage(design)
Information is about retrieval !!!
Database focus on optimizing storage
Introduction to Data and Information
Difference between Database and
Database Management System
Database is about design
DBMS is tool to manipulate Data inside
Database !!!
Introduction to Data and Information
Difference between Database and
Database Management System
DBMS: Whole System for Managing digital
databases
Storage, creation and Search (Information)
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Database and Database
Management System
Database: Employees record column with ID,
name, Qualification, Dob
DBMS: Oracle to create and load Employee
record
Introduction to Data and Information
Example of Database and Database
Management System
Database: Individual File on Hardisk
DBMS: Operating System to read the file from
Hardisk
Introduction to Data and Information
Component of Database Management
System
Data
User
Hardware
Software
Procedures
Component of Database Management
System
