METHODOLOGY

Methodology is the most important part of any research study. It includes various steps that
are generally adopted by the researcher in studying the research problem along with the logic behind
them. 27

The present study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of video teaching programme on
prevention of dengue fever among
This chapter deals in detail with the methodology adapted for the study. It also describes the
rationale for research approach, research design, setting of the study, population, sample, sampling
technique, and sample size, method of data collection, development of tool, ethical consideration,
validity, pilot study, reliability and plan for data analysis.
RESEARCH APPROACH

Research approach is an umbrella that covers the basic procedure for

conducting research.

In the view of the nature of the problem selected, the present study is aimed to
evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of
dengue fever among students in selected pre university colleges at vijayapur.
Therefore, an evaluative research approach had been adopted in this study.

The classical approach for the conducting of evaluative research consists of

four broad phases.
 Determine the objectives of the programme.

 Develop a means of measuring the attainment of those objectives.

 Collect data.

 Interpret data in terms of objectives.

In view of the nature of problem selected for the present study to evaluate the
effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of dengue fever
among students in selected pre university colleges at Vijayapur. and for the attainment
of the objectives, an evaluative approach was considered appropriate for the present
study.

RESEARCH DESIGN

“Research design is a plan or organization of a scientific investigation

answering the question, is overall plan or blue print the researcher select to carry out
the study”50.

The selection of design depends upon the purpose of the study, research
approach and variable to be studied. The quasi -experimental design (one group pre
test – post test) was selected to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of dengue
fever among students in selected pre university colleges.

The quasi – experimental design is a design in which the pre- test and post-
test observation are made on different days with one selected group without a control
group.
 The quasi - experimental design chosen for the study is outlined in Table No.1
followed by the study design in fig No.2.

Schematic representation of research design

Pre-test Intervention/ Post-test

Group
(day 1) treatment (day – 8)
Single group (selected high school
O1 X O2
students)

 O1- Structured Interview Schedule with Knowledge Questionnaire used to

collect data from students of selected high schools.
 X - Administration of video assisted teaching program on the same day.

 O2 - Structured Interview Schedule with Knowledge Questionnaire after seven

days of administration of VATP.

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY

Variables are qualities, properties or characteristics of persons, things or

situation that change or vary.

Dependent Variable

“The dependent variable is the variable where the researcher is interested in

understanding, explaining or predicting”.
The dependent variable in this study is “Knowledge of students regarding
prevention of dengue fever among students of selected pre university colleges at
vijayapur”.

Independent Variable

The variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable,

which is manipulated in pre-experimental research.
In the present study the independent variable is the “Video Assisted
Teaching Programme on prevention of dengue fever among students of selected pre
university colleges at Vijayapur ”.

Attributed variables

“Pre existing characteristics of the entity under investigation, which the

researcher simply observes and measures”.
In present study the attributed variables are personal characteristics/data which
include the age, sex, education, religion, place of living, type of family and any source
of information received on dengue fever.

Research setting

“It is the physical location and conditions in which data collection takes place
in the study.”
2
Population

“The entire set of individuals having some common characteristics; some time
referred to as universe”. 55
“The population refers to the target population which represents the entire
group or all the elements like individual or objects that meet certain criteria for
inclusion in the study.”
The population of this study consist of government pre university college
vijayapur.

Sample and Sampling technique

The sample refers to sub set of the population that is selected to participate in
a research study.
The samples in this study were students of government pre university college vijayapur.

In this study the sample consist of 60 students of selected pre university

college vijayapur. “Sampling defines the process of selecting a group of people or
other elements with which to conduct a study.”
Simple randomized sampling method is one in which the researcher selects
those units of the population in the same which appear convenient to him.
In this study, Simple randomized sampling method was adopted to select the
samples as per convenience of the investigator, 60 high school students those who met
the criteria were selected.

Criteria for selection of sample

The samples were selected with following predetermined criteria.

Inclusion criteria

Students who

 Are willing to participate in the study.

 Are available during the period of data collection.

Exclusion criteria

Students who

 Are not willing to participate in the study.

 Are not available during the period of data collection.

SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL

SELECTION OF THE TOOL
Objective type of questions was selected with options provided to assess the
knowledge of students before and after the implementation of the video assisted
teaching programme. Interview schedule was selected for the study to collect the data
on knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among students in selected pre
university colleges Vijayapur.
It consists of two sections:-

 Section-I : Consists of socio demographic data.

 Section-II : Consists of structured knowledge questionnaire on Dengue

fever among selected pre university students.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL

“The tool was developed by the investigator with his personal and professional
experience and with related review of literature like books, journals, periodicals,
unpublished research studies and mass media. The developed tool was refined and
validated by subject experts and the guide”.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

Section – I

This section consists of items related to socio demographic data of students

such as age, gender, education, family income, religion, area of residence and source
of information.

Section – II

Section II consists of 30 items related to knowledge regarding dengue fever among

students of selected PU colleges.
 For each question, four options were given and only one correct answer. For each
correct answer, the score was one, if answer was wrong, the score was given as Zero.
The highest score was 30. Subjects were categorized according to their score
percentages as follows
 Adequate knowledge was (76% to 100%)

 Moderate knowledge was (51% to 75%)

 Inadequate knowledge was (0 to 50%)

Content validity

“Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to

measured”
Content validity is consumed with adequacy of coverage of the content area
being measure.
Content validity of the tool was established by 10 experts, comprising of seven
nursing educators from the department of community health nursing, two physicians
and one statistician to go through the developed tool and give their valuable
suggestions. The suggestions of the experts were incorporated into the tool and the
video assisted teaching programme was further modified and finalized with expert’s
opinion in consultation with the guide.

Pre testing of tool

Pre-testing the structured interview was done to check the clarity of the items,
their feasibility and practicability. The prepared tool was administered to 6 students of
selected pre university colleges Vijayapur.
The investigator found the language of the tool was simple and practicable and
the average time taken to complete the interview for each sample was 40 minutes.

Reliability of the tool

“Reliability of an instrument is the degree of consistency with which it

measure the attribute it is supposed to measure”46.

The tool after validation was subject to test for its reliability. The reliability
was established by using Spearsman Brown Split-Half technique and it was found to
be r=0.437, which indicates the tool was reliable.
DEVELOPMENT OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME

The following steps were adopted to develop the Video assisted teaching
programme.
 Review of literature

 Preparation of 1st draft of Video assisted teaching programm

 Content validity of the Video assisted teaching programme

 Preparation of final draft of Video assisted teaching programme

 Description of Video assisted teaching programme

 Translation

Preparation of 1st draft of Video assisted teaching programme

The first draft of the Video assisted teaching programme was developed
keeping in mind the objectives, criteria rating scale, literature reviewed and opinion of
the experts. The main factors are the level of understanding of students (non medical
people), simplify of the language, relevance of illustration / pictures (AV aids).

Content validity of Video assisted teaching programme

The initial draft of Video assisted teaching programme was given to experts
comprising of seven nursing educators from the department of community health
nursing, two physicians and statisticians along with the criteria rating scale. The
experts were requested to validate the Video assisted teaching programme based on
the criteria rating scale and to give their suggestions, on the adequacy and relevance
of the content. There was 88% agreement on “meets the criteria”; 12% agreement on
partially meets the criteria of the content. Experts’ suggestions were accepted and
modified the Video assisted teaching programme. Ensured clarity and validity of the
tool.

Preparation of the final draft of the Video assisted teaching programme

The final draft of the Video assisted teaching programme was prepared after
incorporating expert’s suggestions.
The Video assisted teaching programme was translated into Kannada.
Description of the Video Assisted teaching programme
 Video assisted teaching programme was titled “Prevention of Dengue fever”
Video assisted teaching programme was prepared to enhance the knowledge regarding
Prevention of Dengue fever among students of selected high schools. It consisted of
the following areas;
 Introduction

 Definition of dengue fever

 Mention the incidence of dengue fever

 Describe the epidemiological features of dengue fever

 Describe the mode of transmission.

 Mention the incubation period

 Describe about the clinical features

 Explain regarding diagnostic tests

 List out the complication of dengue fever

 Enumerate the management of dengue fever

 Suggest the preventive measures of dengue fever

DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA RATING SCALE

Criteria rating scale was prepared to develop Video assisted teaching

programme on the literature review and opinion of the experts. The criteria rating
scale consists of 38 statements under the broad headings of.
 Formulating the content

 Selection of the content

 Organization of the content

 Feasibility and practicability

The draft of criteria rating scale and Video assisted teaching programme was
given to 10 experts for validation.

PLANNING FOR TEACHING

Selecting the method of teaching

Lecture cum discussion method was selected as an appropriate method of

teaching the students of high school.
It was planned to teach groups, since group teaching permits exchange of
views and broadens knowledge with wider interaction.
Selection and preparation of A.V. Aids

Charts and flash cards & Slides shows were considered appropriate A.V. Aids
to implement VATP. Different pictures related to the study were down loaded from
internet and it was laminated to make the pictures clear and attractive to the students
during the teaching programme.

Determining teaching and learning activities

Teaching and learning activities were determined in advance as follows:

 Discussion

 Participatory discussion

 Creating interest by monitoring and reinforcement

Determination of the physical facilities

After consulting with the Principal of govt PU college vijayapur., it was

decided to conduct study in the class by gathering the group in class room for health
teaching.

Planning to implement the video assisted teaching programme

It was planned the time and date before implement the video assisted teaching
programme.

Informing the participants

It was planned to inform the sample well in advance regarding Video assisted
teaching programme according to their convenience.

Determining the method evaluation of video assisted teaching programme

The evaluation of Video assisted teaching programme was done through post
test which was conducted after seven days of implementation of teaching programme.
Translation of Video assisted teaching programme

The Video assisted teaching programme was translated into Kannada by an

expert to determine appropriateness.
PILOT STUDY

A Pilot Study is a study carried out at the end of the planning phase of
research in order to explore and test the research element.

The objectives of the pilot study are:

 To find out the feasibility of the final study.

 To determine the time duration of the interview schedule.

 To evaluate the effectiveness of the Video Assisted Teaching Programme.

 To determine the method of statistical analysis.

The pilot study was conducted from ……..to ………at vijayapur, to find out
the feasibility of the tool and study. The investigator selected six students from the
total population by Simple randomized sampling technique. Pre-test was conducted
using structured knowledge questionnaire followed by implementation of video
assisted teaching programme. After seven days post-test was conducted by using the
same structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of Video
Assisted Teaching Programme.

Findings of the Pilot study

The findings revealed that the post-test mean score 23.2 was higher than the
pre-test mean score 7.3 The computed paired‘t’ value 43.44 Showed that there is
significant difference between pre and post test mean knowledge score.

The pilot study indicated that the study will be feasible and patent. No
modifications were done after the pilot study.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

Data collection is the gathering of information needed to address the research

problem. The data collection period was from ……………to...............administrative
approval was obtained from the Block Education Officer ,vijayapur, to conduct the
study. The purpose of study was explained to the samples and verbal consent was
taken before starting the study from the students. The data was collected during the
time period of 10 am to 4 pm. 60 students were selected using non probability simple
random sampling technique, 10 subjects were selected per day for the study. A
pre- test was conducted using structured interview schedule with knowledge
questionnaire. On the same day the VATP was administered to the samples. The
post-test was conducted to the samples by using the same method after seven
days of Video assisted teaching programme. The pre -test was conducted for
about 20-30 minutes followed by Video assisted teaching programe for 40
minutes. Giving thanks to the respondents and the authority, the data collection
procedure was finished.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The data obtained would be analyzed in terms of the objectives and

hypothesis of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The plan of data analysis is as follows:

Section A: - Description of demographic variables among students in selected

pre university colleges.
Section B: - Assessment of knowledge status of students regarding prevention
of dengue fever in pre-test and post-test
Section C: - Comparison of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores by
using paired ‘t’ test
Section D: - Association between pre- test knowledge score with
their selected demographic variables.

SUMMARY

This chapter deals with Research methodology : - Research approach,

Research design, Setting, Population, Sample & sampling technique
development, Selection and development of tool, Development of Video assisted
teaching program, Pilot study, Procedure of data collection and data analysis
plan.