User Defined Exception
Compiled By: Aneeta Siddiqui
Lecture # 14
1
Course Books
Text Books:
Cay S. Horstmann, Big Java: Early Objects, Wiley, 7th Edition
Herbert Schildt, Java: A Beginner's Guide, McGraw-Hill Education,
Eighth Edition
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Course Instructors
Aneeta Siddiqui aarshad@ssuet.edu.pk
Assistant Professor, CED
Room Number: BS-03
Tel: 111-994-994,
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The Exception Class Hierarchy
Classes that define exceptions are related by
inheritance, forming an exception class hierarchy
All error and exception classes are descendents of the
Throwable class
A programmer can define an exception by extending the
Exception class or one of its descendants
The parent class used depends on how the new
exception will be used
4
Checked Exceptions
An exception is either checked or unchecked
A checked exception either must be caught by a
method, or must be listed in the throws clause of
any method that may throw or propagate it
A throws clause is appended to the method
header
The compiler will issue an error if a checked
exception is not caught or asserted in a throws
clause
10-5
Unchecked Exceptions
An unchecked exception does not require
explicit handling, though it could be processed
that way
The only unchecked exceptions in Java are
objects of type RuntimeException or any of
its descendants
Errors are similar to RuntimeException and
its descendants in that:
Errors should not be caught
Errors do not require a throws clause
10-6
Creating Custom Exception Classes
Use the exception classes in the API whenever
possible.
Create custom exception classes if the
predefined classes are not sufficient.
Declare custom exception classes by extending
Exception or a subclass of Exception.
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User-Defined Exceptions
Problem Statement :
Consider the example of the Circle class
Circle class had the following constructor
public Circle(double centreX, double centreY,
double radius){
x = centreX; y = centreY; r = radius;
}
How would we ensure that the radius is not zero or
negative?
8
Defining Your Own Exceptions
To define your own exception you must do the
following:
Create an exception class to hold the exception data.
Your exception class must subclass "Exception" or another
exception class
Note: to create unchecked exceptions, subclass the
RuntimeException class.
Minimally, your exception class should provide a constructor
which takes the exception description as its argument.
To throw your own exceptions:
If your exception is checked, any method which is going to throw
the exception must define it using the throws keyword
When an exceptional condition occurs, create a new instance of
the exception and throw it.
User-Defined Exceptions in standard
format
class MyException extends Exception
{
MyException(String message)
{
super(message); // pass to superclass if parameter is not handled by used defined exception
}
}
class TestMyException {
…
try {
..
throw new MyException(“This is error message”);
}
catch(MyException e)
{
System.out.println(“Message is: “+e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Get Message is a method defined in a standard
10 Exception class .
Example1:Defining your own
exceptions
import java.lang.Exception;
class InvalidRadiusException extends Exception {
private double r;
public InvalidRadiusException(double radius){
r = radius;
}
public void printError(){
System.out.println("Radius [" + r + "] is not valid");
}
}
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Throwing the exception
class Circle {
double x, y, r;
public Circle (double centreX, double centreY, double
radius ) throws InvalidRadiusException {
if (r <= 0 ) {
throw new InvalidRadiusException(radius);
}
else {
x = centreX ; y = centreY; r = radius;
}
}
}
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Catching the exception
class CircleTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
Circle c1 = new Circle(10, 10, -1);
System.out.println("Circle created");
}
catch(InvalidRadiusException e)
{
e.printError();
}
}
}
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Example 2: Defining your own
exceptions
public class DivException extends Exception {
DivException()
{super(“Div error Exception…");} Exception have two constructors
String argument
Zero argument
DivException(String str)
{super(str);}
User will throw this exception if divisor is 0
@override
public String getMessage(){
return super.getMessage();
}
}
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Example 2: Defining your own
exceptions
public class MyException extends Exception {
MyException()
{super("a<b in my Exception…");}
MyException(String str)
{super(str);} User will throw this exception if dividend <divisor
A=5
B=10
A<B
@Override
public String getMessage(){
return super.getMessage();
}
}
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Throwing & Catching the exception
public class testMyException {
finally{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Close File");
int a=10,b=20;
System.out.println("pakistan");
}
try{
System.out.println("hello Karachi");
if(a<b) throw new MyException();
}
divide(a,b);
static void divide(int i,int j) throws
} DivException{
catch(MyException e ){ if(j==0) throw new DivException();
System.out.println("MyException System.out.println(""+i/j);
Comes");
System.out.println(""+e.toString()); }
catch(DivException e ){
}
System.out.println("DivException
Comes"); }
System.out.println(""+e.toString()); }
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Example 2: output
If a=10 b=20
pakistan
MyException COmes
exception.MyException: a<b in my Exception…
Close File
hello Karachi
If a=20 b=0
pakistan
DivException COmes
exception.DivException
Close File
hello Karachi
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