INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
MODULE 8: Advanced SQL and Data Control
Language (DCL)
MODULE 8 SUBTOPIC 2
DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE
(DCL)
MODULE 8
OBJECTIVES
■At the end of the chapter, the learner should be able to:
• Differentiate system privileges from object privileges
• Grant privileges on tables
• Grant roles
• Distinguish between privileges and roles
Database
administrator
Username and password
Privileges
Users
• Database security:
- System security
- Data security
• System privileges: Performing a particular action within the
database
• Object privileges: Manipulating the content of the database
objects
• Schemas: Collection of objects such as tables, views, and
sequences
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•More than 100 privileges are available.
•The database administrator has high-level system privileges
for tasks such as:
• Creating new users
• Removing users
• Removing tables
• Backing up tables
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• The database administrator (DBA) creates users with the CREATE USER statement.
CREATE USER user
IDENTIFIED BY password;
CREATE USER demo
IDENTIFIED BY demo;
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• After a user is created, the DBA can grant specific system privileges to that user.
GRANT privilege [, privilege...]
TO user [, user| role, PUBLIC...];
• An application developer, for example, may have the following system privileges:
• CREATE SESSION
• CREATE TABLE
• CREATE SEQUENCE
• CREATE VIEW
• CREATE PROCEDURE
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The DBA can grant specific system privileges to a user.
GRANT create session, create table,
create sequence, create view
TO demo;
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Give a user authority to pass along system privileges:
GRANT create session, create table
TO demo
WITH ADMIN OPTION;
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Users
Manager
Privileges
Allocating privileges Allocating privileges
without a role with a role
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• Create a role:
CREATE ROLE manager;
• Grant privileges to a role:
GRANT create table, create view
TO manager;
• Grant a role to users:
GRANT manager TO BELL, KOCHHAR;
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• The DBA creates your user account and initializes your password.
• You can change your password by using the ALTER USER statement.
ALTER USER demo
IDENTIFIED BY employ;
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Object
privilege Table View Sequence
ALTER
DELETE
INDEX
INSERT
REFERENCES
SELECT
UPDATE
• Object privileges vary from object to object.
• An owner has all the privileges on the object.
• An owner can give specific privileges on that owner’s object.
GRANT object_priv [(columns)]
ON object
TO {user|role|PUBLIC}
[WITH GRANT OPTION];
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• Grant query privileges on the EMPLOYEES table:
GRANT select
ON employees
TO demo;
• Grant privileges to update specific columns to users and roles:
GRANT update (department_name, location_id)
ON departments
TO demo, manager;
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• Give a user authority to pass along privileges:
GRANT select, insert
ON departments
TO demo
WITH GRANT OPTION;
• Allow all users on the system to query data from Alice’s DEPARTMENTS table:
GRANT select
ON alice.departments
TO PUBLIC;
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Data Dictionary View Description
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS System privileges granted to roles
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS Table privileges granted to roles
USER_ROLE_PRIVS Roles accessible by the user
USER_SYS_PRIVS System privileges granted to the user
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE Object privileges granted on the user’s objects
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD Object privileges granted to the user
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE Object privileges granted on the columns of the user’s
objects
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD Object privileges granted to the user on specific
columns
• You use the REVOKE statement to revoke privileges granted to other users.
• Privileges granted to others through the WITH GRANT OPTION clause are also
revoked.
REVOKE {privilege [, privilege...]|ALL}
ON object
FROM {user[, user...]|role|PUBLIC}
[CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
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Revoke the SELECT and INSERT privileges given to the demo user on the
DEPARTMENTS table.
REVOKE select, insert
ON departments
FROM demo;
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In this lesson, you should have learned about statements that control
access to the database and database objects.
Statement Action
CREATE USER Creates a user (usually performed by a DBA)
GRANT Gives other users privileges to access the objects
CREATE ROLE Creates a collection of privileges (usually performed by a DBA)
ALTER USER Changes a user’s password
REVOKE Removes privileges on an object from users
END OF MODULE 8
• Taylor, A. G. (2019). SQL for dummies (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: For
Dummies.
• Harrington, J. (2016). Relational Database Design and Implementation
(4th Edition). Morgan Kaufmann
• Juric, N., Vrbsky, S., Nestorov, S. (2016). Database Systems: Introduction
to Databases and Data Warehouses. Prospect Press
• Kroenke, D. M., & Auer, D. J. (2016). Database Concepts. Pearson.
• Sullivan, D. (2015). NoSQL for Mere Mortals (1st ed.). Boston: Addison-
Wesley.
• Hoffer, J., Ramesh, V., Topi, H. (2013). Modern Database Management 11th
Edition, Prentice Hall.
Introduction to Programming
