Course Outlines
Chapter One: Introduction
Definition
Historical background
Chapter Two: Human in HCI
2.1 Information input/output
2.2 Human Memory
2.3 Reasoning, problem solving
2.4 Emotion
2.5 Individual difference
Course Outlines…
Chapter Three: Computer in HCI
Input and output device
Virtual reality
Physical interaction
Paper
Memory and Processing
Chapter Four: Interaction
Introduction
Models of interaction
Ergonomics
Interaction styles
Course Outlines…
Chapter Five: Interaction Design and HCI in the
Software Process
Interaction Design
HCI in the Software Process
Chapter 1: Introduction to HCI
What is HCI?
Historical background
Who involved in HCI?
Goals of HCI
Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed User
Interfaces
What is HCI?
Short for human-computer Interaction(HCI).
Also called
Man-machine-interaction (MMI)
Computer-human-interaction (CHI)
HCI is the study of how people interact with computing
technologies.
Definition: A discipline concerned with the design,
implementation and evaluation of interactive computing
systems and surrounding phenomena for human use.
What is HCI?...
The knowledge gained from this study/discipline is used to
create information systems and work environments
which help
tomake people more productive and
more satisfied with their work life.
HCI involves designing user interfaces which are not
just “easy to use” but
Which could be used when tired and under pressure without
making mistakes
that will cope with all manner of user carelessness
that support the tasks the people actually want to do
History of HCI
The need to communicate with each other has started since
people began to walked upon this planet
Gesture and movement are lowest and most common modes
of communication, which are language independent.
Written language is the highest mode of communication
The term human–computer interaction has only been in
widespread use since the early 1980s
The Second World War initiated studying the interaction
between humans and machines, aimed to produce more
effective weapons systems.
The advancement of information science and technology
has contributed for the development of HCI
History of HCI….
The initial paradigm
Batch processing
execution of a series
of programs ("jobs")
on a computer
without manual
intervention
There was minimal
interaction with the
machine Impersonal computing
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm Shifts…
Time-sharing
single computer
supports multiple
users
Interactive computing
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm
Shifts…
@#$% !
Batch processing
Timesharing
Networking
Many computers
interconnected to
share resources ???
networked
computing devices
pass data to each
other along network
links Community computing
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm
Shifts…
Batchprocessing
Timesharing
Networking
Graphical displays
People interact with
computer by visual
content using high-
resolution display
screen (GUI) Direct Manipulation
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm
Shifts…
Batchprocessing
Timesharing
Networking
Graphical displays
Microprocessor
computing by small,
powerful machines
which were dedicated
to single users Personal Computing
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm Shifts…
Batch processing Timesharing
Networking Graphical display
Microprocessor
WWW
by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
web is built on top of the internet
remote access to data.
Global Information
History of HCI….
Example Paradigm Shifts…
Batch processing Timesharing
Networking Graphical display
Microprocessor WWW
Ubiquitous Computing
Computing is made to appear
everywhere and anywhere
can occur using any device, in any
location, and in any format unlike
desktop computing
Who involves in HCI?
HCI is a very multi-disciplinary subject that encompasses
different specialties with different concerns regarding
computer development
Ergonomics
Sociology
Psychology
Anthropology
HCI
Computer science
Linguistics
Philosophy Design
What fields does HCI cover?...
Computer science:-is concerned with the application design and
engineering of the human interfaces
Philosophy:-is concerned with the cognitive processes of humans and the
behavior of users
Ergonomics:- Study of physical characteristics of machines and
systems, and how these affect user performance
Sociology and anthropology:- the study of interactions between
technology, work and organization
Linguistics:- is concerned with the development of human and machine
languages and the relationship between the two.
Psychology:- scientific study of mind and mental function (learning,
memory, attention, perception, reasoning, conceptual development, and
decision making)
Why Study HCI?-Goals
In the past, computers were expensive & used by technical
people only
Now, computers are cheap and used by non-technical people
(different backgrounds, needs, knowledge, skills)
Computer and software manufacturers have noticed the importance of
making computers “user-friendly”: easy to use, save people time, etc.
User friendliness can affect: Effectiveness, Productivity, Morale,
Safety
A system may be thrown away because of bad user interface.
people no longer willing to accept products with poor interfaces
How to achieve “user-friendliness” in computer design?
Why Study HCI?-Goals/importance
To improve the interactions between users and
computers
To make computers more usable and receptive to the
user's needs.
To develop or improve the safety, utility,
effectiveness, efficiency and usability of
systems/computers.
To design systems that minimize the barrier between
the human's cognitive model of what they want
To make the computer to understand user's task
Importance of HCI…
User-centered design is getting a crucial role!
It increase competitiveness via HCI studies (Norman,
1990)
Usability
Usability measures how well users can use the system’s
functionality.
Dimensions of usability
Learnability: is it easy to learn?
Efficiency: once learned, is it fast to use?
Memorability: is it easy to remember what you learned?
Errors: are errors few and recoverable?
Satisfaction: is it enjoyable to use?
Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed
User Interfaces
The Herald of Free Enterprise (Herald=officials ceremonials and make
proclamations)
What happened? a ferry(ship) between Belgium and England sunk
Reason: open door-forgot to close the door that allows cars to board the
ferry because it had no any kind of indicator that the door or is open.
Damage: 193 passengers and crew died, crew=people who work on
and operate a ship, boat
Air Inter Flight 148
What happened? crashed while approaching an airport in Strasbourg
Reason: Display Screen Was Too Small - It was approaching a
mountain and the pilots intended the plane to move toward the airport at
an angle of 3.3 degrees but “-3.3” enterer which is 3,300 feet
Damage: 82 passengers & 5 crew members died
Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed
User Interfaces
Cause greater difficulty doing jobs and
Lead to make more mistakes.
Lead to Dissatisfaction, frustration, and increased
stress.
May chase some people away from a system
permanently
Users lose time with badly designed products and
services
Users even give up using bad interface
Ineffective allocation of resources
HCI-Introduction
End of Chapter one
