Work, Energy and Power Compiled By: Manzar Ali Khan
Work is said to be done if the Object moves in the direction of the force. Work done against Friction
= f x d Cos 180 = -f x d
= Energy lost against Friction
Work done by a Variable force.
Work done by constant Force
W = F . d = Area under Graph
Work is defined as the product of Force ‘F’ and the distance ‘d’ moved in
Work done by changing Force
the direction of the force.
S
Work = Force x displacement = F x d J=Nm W= ∫ dW =¿ ¿ ½ F xd
0
Work is a scalar quantity
= Area under the Graph
Work done in
Extension of a wire.
Work done by Force acting at an angle
W = F cosθ x d = F d cos θ W = ∫ F .dx = Area under Graph
0
if θ =90 ⁰ , cos 90 = 0 so, W =0
Case 1
F W = ½ F. e = ½ K. e2
Case 2
W =½ (F2 - F1) x (e2 - e1) = Area under the graph
Aitchison College Lahore, LGS –JT, LGS Phase 5 and Phase 1, CITY School, LACAS and SICAS
Work, Energy and Power Compiled By: Manzar Ali Khan
Work done by expansion of gas. Work done on an inclined plane
W = F. d = P A. dx= P. dV
W = P (V2 - V1) = Area Under graph
5m
30N 3m
20N
20N
30⁰
20N
1. Work-done by 30N
W = F x d = 30 x 5 = 150 J
2. Work-done against gravity
W = F x d = mg x h =20 x 3 = 60 J
3. Work-done against Resistive forces
Work done against friction on an Inclined Plane
= 150 – 60 = 90 J
Friction ‘f’= mg Sin θ 4. Resistive Force
W = F x d = 90J
If the object moves with constant force
90 =F x 5
Work = mg Sin θ x d F = 90/5 = 18 N
5. Force of Friction
Work done against gravity Component of weight=mg Sin θ = 20 Sin 30 =10N
Work = mg x h Resistive Force= Component of weight + Friction
18 = 10 – f, f = 8N
‘h’ is the vertical height gained irrespective of the path
taken. 6. Efficiency of the system
Aitchison College Lahore, LGS –JT, LGS Phase 5 and Phase 1, CITY School, LACAS and SICAS
Work, Energy and Power Compiled By: Manzar Ali Khan
output 60
Efficiency = input x 100% = 150 x 100% = 40%
Energy- Kinetic (K) and Potential (U) W = F x S = m (aS) v2 - u2 = 2aS, aS =
v2
Energy is defined as the capacity/ability to do work. 2
Any object that has energy has the ability to create force and move an Replace aS K = m aS =½ m v2
object to do Work.
It can be used to raise an object against gravity to certain height Principle of Conservation of Energy
OR
The Total energy of a closed system is Constant. i.e.
To move an object with a certain velocity.
Energy is measured in the same units as work i.e. Joule (J).
E = K+ U
Types of Mechanical Energies
Kinetic Energy (K): Energy possessed by a body due to it Motion. ∆E = 0, total energy remains constant.
K =½ m v2
0 = ∆U + ∆K ∆K = - ∆U Gain in K = Loss in U
Potential Energy (U): Energy possessed by a body due to its position in a
gravitational field. Proof:
U=mgh
Derivation of Potential and Kinetic Energies ∆K =½ m v2 – 0
Potential Energy (U) v2 - 02 = 2gh
W = F x d = mg x h ∆K = ½ m x 2gh
∆K=mgh= - ∆U
U = mgh
Therefore,
Elastic P.E= ½ Fe = ½ ke2
Gain in K = Loss is U
Kinetic Energy (K)
Conversion of Potential into Kinetic Energy
K.E gained = Work done
A boy of mass 50 kg starts to slide a height of 15m at A. He moves down the
u=o v
S slope to point B and again climbs to Point C. Calculate
(Final) i. Max. P.E at pt. A.
F Aitchison College Lahore, LGS –JT, LGS Phase 5 and Phase 1, CITY School, LACAS and SICAS
Work, Energy and Power Compiled By: Manzar Ali Khan
U = mgh = 50x10x15=7500J 50 x 10 x 5
= 10 =250 W
ii. Max. K.E at pt. B.
Kmax = Umax = 7500J
iii. Max. speed at pt. B.
Kmax = ½ mv 2 7500 = ½ x50 x v 2 Power required to move a body at constant speed.
v 2 = 2x7500/50 v = 17.32m/s W F .S
P= t = t
iv. K.E at C
Gain in K = loss in U K = mg (h1 – h2)
K = 50x10 (15 – 5) = 5000J
Power
Power is defined as Rate of doing work or Rate of transfer
of Energy.
S
W E v= t =constant=v
P= t = t
unit is Watt (W) = J/s P=F.v
Watt (W): Power of 1 W is generated if the energy is transferred at
the rate of 1Joule per second or work is done at the rate of 1Joule per F=10 N, v=10m/s
second
Example: A Girl of mass 50 kg runs up the stairs of height 5m in 10s.
Power= 10 x 10=100W
Calculate power he develops
W mgh
P= t = t
Aitchison College Lahore, LGS –JT, LGS Phase 5 and Phase 1, CITY School, LACAS and SICAS
