MCQS OF CHAPTER 1

1. The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.

Protocol
B. Medium
C. Signal
D. All the above

2. The information to be communicated in a data communications system is the _______

. A. Medium
B. Protocol
C. Message
D. Transmission

3. Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the
_______ of a network.
A. Performance
B. Reliability
C. Security
D. Feasibility

4. An unauthorized user is a network _______ issue.

A.Performance
B.Reliability
C.Security
D.All the above

5. Which topology requires a central controller or hub?

A. Mesh
B.Star
C.Bus
D.Ring

6. Which topology requires a multipoint connection?

A. Mesh
B.Bus
C.Ring
D.Star

7. Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves _____________

transmission.
A. simplex
B.half-duplex
C.full-duplex
D.automatic
8. A television broadcast is an example of _______ transmission.
A. simplex
B.half-duplex
C.full-duplex
D.automatic

9. _______ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

A. point-to-point
B.multipoint
C.primary
D. secondary

10. In a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single link.
A. point-to-point
B.multipoint
C.primary
D. secondary

11. In _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating devices
at all times.
A. simplex
B.half-duplex
C.full-duplex
D.half-simplex

12. In the original ARPANET, _______ were directly connected together.

A. IMPs
B.host computers
C.networks
D.routers

13. This was the first network.

A.CSNET
B.NSFNET
C.ANSNET
D.ARPANET

14. Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the
communications field?
A. ITU-T
B.IEEE
C.FCC
D.ISOC

15. _______ are special-interest groups that quickly test, evaluate, and standardize new
technologies.
A.Forums
B.Regulatory agencies
C.Standards organizations
D.All of the above

16. Which agency developed standards for physical connection interfaces and electronic
signaling specifications?
A.EIA
B.ITU-T
C.ANSI
D.ISO
17. ______ is the protocol suite for the current Internet.
A.TCP/IP
B.NCP
C.UNIX
D.ACM

18. ______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they
are presented.
A.Semantics
B.Syntax
C.Timing
D.All of the above

19. ________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be
taken based on that interpretation.
A.Semantics
B.Syntax
C.Timing
D.None of the above

20 . _______ refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how fast it can be
sent.
A.Semantics
B.Syntax
C.Timing
D.none of the above

21. Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.
A. simplex
B.half-duplex
C.full-duplex
D.all of the above

22. In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a dedicated link.
A. multipoint
B.point-to-point
C.(a) and (b)
D.none of the above

23. In a ________ connection, three or more devices share a link.

A. multipoint
B.point-to-point
C.(a) and (b)
D.none of the above
24. ______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.
A.Data flow
B.Mode of operation
C.Topology
D.None of the above

25. Devices may be arranged in a _____ topology

A. mesh
B.ring
C.bus
D.all of the above

26. A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or campus, or

between nearby buildings.
A. MAN
B.LAN
C.WAN
D.none of the above

27. A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole
world. A. MAN
B.LAN
C.WAN
D.none of the above

28. ________ is a collection of many separate networks

A.A WAN
B.An internet
C.a LAN
D.None of the above

29. There are ______________ Internet service providers.

A. local
B.regional
C.national and international
D.all of the above

30. A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.

A. forum
B.protocol
C. standard
D.none of the above –

31. effectiveness of a data communications system depends on

a. Delivery
b. accuracy,
c. timeliness, and jitter
d. All of these

32. A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between------Devices

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Six

33. Nodes are connected to the bus cable by

a. Drop lines
b. Drop lines and taps
c. None of these
d. Taps

34. A network with a size between a LAN and a WAN is knowns as

a. LAN
b. MAN
c. Van
d. None

35. Does an address identify the route to be taken or the final destination of the message? Is
example of.

a. Semantics
b. Timing
c. Syntax
d. Both a & b

36. Computer network permits sharing of

a. Information
b. Resources
c. Both a & b
d. None

37. The physical & logical arrangement on network is

a. Routing
b. Networking
c. Topology
d. Both A & B

38. A topology which required central control hub is---

a. Mesh topology
 b. Bus topology
c. Star topology
d. Ring topology

39. Which one is the advantage of star topology.

a. Efficiency is less when nodes are more

b. If the central device fails, the network will fail.
c. Limited nodes connected due to limited bus length
d. If a node fail it will not effects other nodes

40. Which one is the advantage of mash topology.

a. Easy Installation
b. Less Cabling Required.
c. Difficult to reconfigure
d. Very fast communication

41. Which one is the advantage of bus topology.

a. If a node fails, the whole network will fail.

b. Slow data transmission speed
c. Limited nodes connected
d. If a node Fails, It will not affect other nodes

42. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model defines a

a. Sevan-layer-network
b. Three-layer-network
c. nine-layer-network
d. none

43. LANs had data rates in the

a. 5 to 10 megabits per second

b. 4 to 16 megabits per second
c. 3 to 9 megabits per second
d. 1 to 6 megabits per second

44. connect the LANs to this switched WAN, ------are required.

a. three point-to-point LANs

b. four point-to-point WANs
c. three point-to-point WANs
 d. two point-to-point WANs

45. ---------covers the area inside a town or a city.

a. Lan
b. Man
c. Van
d. None

46-.Cable link are required for mesh

a) n(n-1)/2
b) n-1
c) n
d) none

47-how many components of a data communications system hvae?

a) 1
b) 3
c) 6
d) 5

48-Type of Connection:

a) Point to point
b) Multi point
c) Single point
d) Both a and b

49-Assume six devices are arranged in a mesh topology. How many cables are needed?

a) 6
b) 10
c) 15
d) 18

50-When a party makes a local telephone call to another party, what type of connection it is?

a) Point to point
b) Multipoint
c) Single point
d) Double point

51-Factors that determine whether a communication system is a LAN or WAN?

a) Size
b) Area
c) Cable
d) Both a and b

52-The word semantics refers to the meaning of

 a) Each section of bits
b) Each section of bytes
c) Each section of mega bytes
d) Each section of kilo byte

53-Data communication standards fall into ________ categories:

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

54-Data communication de facto means communication by:

a) By fact or convention
b) By law or fact
c) By rules
d) By administrator

55-Data communication de jure means communication by:

a) By law or fact
b) By administrator
c) By law or by regulations
d) By convention

56-ISO stands for

a) International Organization for Standardization

b) International Operation for Standardization
c) International operation for System
d) International Organization System

57-For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a ring,

a) N
b) N(n-1)/2
c) n-1
d) n+n

58-For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a bus.

a) N
b) N(n-1)/2
c) n-1
d) n+n

chapter 2
 1. The____ layer is the network dialogue controller.

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

2. The____ layer two systems to enter into dialogue.

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

3. The session layer lies between the ____ presentation layer and

Network

Transport

Data link

Application

4. The ____ layer lies between the session and the application layer

Network

Transport

Data link

Presentation

5. The layer is responsible for interoperability between two system using different encoding
methods

Network

Transport

Data link

Presentation

6. Network virtual terminal is a service of the ___ layer.

Network

Transport
Data link

Application

7. E-mail is a service handled by the___

Network

Transport

Session

Application

8. The ___ wave is the simplest analogue signal

Sine

Analog

Digital

Periodic

9. A digital signal has a bit rate 200bps. The bit interval is____ seconds

0.005

0.05

0.5

0.2

10. ____ repeats a pattern over and over again.

A digital

A analog

A periodic

An aperiodic

11. If the maximum value of sine wave is 10 volts the minimum value is____

10

-10

12. The period of a signal is usually expressed in ____

Hz
Volts

Seconds

13. The ___ of a signal is its number of cycle per second.

Amplitude

Frequency

Phase

14. A nanosecond is_____ as long as a microsecond.

0.1

0.01

0.001

15. The size and format of physical address depend on.

Receiver

Message

Network

16. Logical address are___

16bit long

32bit long

64bit long

17. The physical address change from___

Point to point

Hop to hop

Sender to receiver

18. One computer can communicate to another computer by

Port address

Physical address

Logical address

19.A network is a combination of

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Both a & b
d) None
20.The process of sending a letter to a friend would be complex if there were no
services available from_____
a) Post office
b) Sender
c) Receiver
d) None
21. At the receiver site The carrier transports the letter to the post office
from____
a) Lower layer
b) Middle layer
c) Highest Layer
d) All of above
22. At sellder site The letter is sorted at the post office a carrier transport the
letter from
a) Highest layer
b) Middle layer
c) Lower layer
d) None of these
23. How many activities at sender and receiver site?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
24. The task transporting the letter between the sender and receiver is done by
_____
a) Post office
b) Hierarchy
c) Carrier
d) All of above
25. The OSI MODEL is established in
a) 1947
b) 1948
c) 1949
d) 1951
26. The OSI model is not a ____
a) Machine
b) Prototype
c) Protocol
d) None
27. How many layers does OSI model consists?
a) Six
b) Five
c) Seven
d) Eight
28. First layer in OSI model is called?
a) Network Layer
b) Data link
c) Physical layer
d) Application
29. At physical layer communication is?
a) Automatical
b) Manual
c) Direct
d) Indirect
30. The seven layers belong to how many subgroups?
a) Two
b) One
c) Three
d) Four
Chapter 3

1. If the maximum amplitude of a sine wave is 2 V, the minimum amplitude

is ________ V.
A) 2
B) 1
C) -2
D) between -2 and 2
2. _________ can impair a signal.
A) Noise
B) Attenuation
C) Distortion
D) All of the above

3. ________is the rate of change with respect to time.

A) Time
B) Frequency
C) Amplitude
D) Voltage

4. A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the first

point and P2 at the second point. The dB is 0. This means ________.
A) P2 equals P1
B) P2 is zero
C) P2 is much larger than P1
D) P2 is much smaller than P1
5. Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a
____ channel.
A) bandpass
B) low-pass
C) high rate
D) low rate

6. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses

strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.
A) Distortion
B) Attenuation
C) Noise
D) Decibel

7. A sine wave in the ______ domain can be represented by one single spike
in the _____ domain.
A) time; phase
B) frequency; time
C) time; frequency
D) phase; time

8. If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz,

what is the highest frequency?
A) 5 KHz
B) 47 KHz
C) 57 KHz
D) 10 KHz

9. In a time-domain plot, the horizontal axis is a measure of ________.

A) phase
B) signal amplitude
C) frequency
D) time

10. _______ data are continuous and take continuous values.

A) digital
B) analog
C) (a) or (b)
D) none of the above

11. Frequency and period are ______.

A) proportional to each other
B) inverse of each other
C) the same
D) none of the above

12. When propagation speed is multiplied by propagation time, we get the

________.
A) wavelength of the signal
B) throughput
C) distance a signal or bit has traveled
D) distortion factor

13. A _________ sine wave is not useful in data communications; we need

to send a _______ signal.
A) single-frequency; composite
B) composite; single-frequency This is the correct answer.
C) single-frequency; double-frequency
D) none of the above

14. The _________ product defines the number of bits that can fill the link.
A) delay-amplitude
B) frequency-amplitude
C) bandwidth-period
D) bandwidth-delay

15. _______ signals can have only a limited number of values.

A) Digital
B) Analog
C) (a) or (b)
D) None of the above
View Answer:
16. Before data can be transmitted, they must be transformed to ________.
A) periodic signals
B) electromagnetic signals
C) aperiodic signals
D) low-frequency sine waves
View Answer:
17. Data can be ________.
A) digital
B) analog
C) (a) or (b)
D) none of the above
18. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses
strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency that
makes up the signal.
A) Noise
B) Distortion
C) Attenuation
D) Decibel

19. Signals can be ________.

A) digital
B) analog
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)

20. A sine wave is ________.

A) periodic and discrete
B) aperiodic and discrete
C) periodic and continuous
D) aperiodic and continuous

21. _______ data have discrete states and take discrete values.
A) Analog
B) Digital
C) (a) or (b)
D) None of the above

22. For a ______ channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to find the
maximum bit rate.
A) noiseless
B) noisy
C) low-pass
D) bandpass

23. What is the bandwidth of a signal that ranges from 1 MHz to 4 MHz?
A) 1 KHz
B) 3 MHz
C) 4 MHz
D) none of the above

24. _____ signals can have an infinite number of values in a range.

A) Analog
B) Digital
C) (a) or (b)
D) None of the above

25. A(n)_________ signal is a composite analog signal with an infinite

bandwidth.
A) digital
B) analog
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)

26. A periodic signal completes one cycle in 0.001 s. What is the frequency?
A) 1 Hz
B) 100 Hz
C) 1 KHz
D) 1 MHz

27. The _____ of a composite signal is the difference between the highest
and the lowest frequencies contained in that signal.
A) period
B) bandwidth
C) frequency
D) amplitude

28. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside

source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.
A) Noise
B) Distortion
C) Attenuation
D) Decibel

29. _______ describes the position of the waveform relative to time 0.

A) Amplitude
B) Phase
C) Frequency
D) Voltage

30. Given two sine waves A and B, if the frequency of A is twice that of B,
then the period of B is ________ that of A.
A) one-half
B) twice
C) the same as
D) indeterminate from
31. As frequency increases, the period ________.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) doubles
D) remains the same

32. If the available channel is a ______ channel, we cannot send a digital

signal directly to the channel.
A) low-pass
B) low rate
C) bandpass
D) high rate

33. For a ______ channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the
theoretical maximum bit rate.
A) low-pass
B) bandpass
C) noisy
D) noiseless

34. In a frequency-domain plot, the horizontal axis measures the ________.

A) phase
B) frequency
C) slope
D) peak amplitude
35. If a signal does not change at all, its frequency is ________.
A) one
B) zero
C) 100
D) 10

36. If a signal changes instantaneously, its frequency ________.

A) one
B) zero
C) 100
D) infinite

37. Phase describes the position of the waveform relative

to time ________.
A) one
B) 0
C) 100
D) infinite

38. A complete sine wave in the time domain can be represented by

___________in the frequency domain______.
A) one single spike
b) two single spikes
C) three single spikes
D)four single spikes

39. The frequency domain is more compact and useful when we are dealing
with____
A) more than one sine wave
B) less than one sine wave
C) none of the above
D) option A and b

40. A single-frequency sine wave is not useful in

________.
A) data receiving
B) data communications
C) data transforming
D) all of these

40. If the composite signal is periodic, the decomposition gives a series of signals
with ___________.

A) discrete frequencies
B) continuous frequencies
C) none of these
D) all of these
41. If the composite signal is nonperiodic, the decomposition gives a
combination of sine waves with _______

A) discrete frequencies
B) continuous frequencies
C) none of these
D) all of these

42. The bandwidth of a composite signal is the _______between the highest and
the lowest frequencies contained in that signal.

A) same
B) lowest
C) none
D) difference

43. A digital analog signal A digital signal has eight levels. How many bits
are needed per level?

A) Each signal level is represented by 3 bits.

B) Each signal level is represented by 2 bits.

C) Each signal level is represented by 1 bit.

D) none

44. A digital signal has nine levels. How many bits are needed per level?
A) Each signal level is represented by 3.16 bits.

B) Each signal level is represented by 3.17 bits.

 C) Each signal level is represented by 3.12 bits.

D) None

45. download text documents at the rate of 100 pages per sec. What is the
required bit rate of the channel?
A) 8bits

B) 2bit

C) 3bit

D) 5bit

46.A digital signal is a composite analog signal with an --------bandwidth.

A) Infinite

B) Limit

C) Both

D) None

Chapter 4
1. The ------ mode provides synchronization for the entire stream of bits must. In
other words, it guarantees that the data arrive at a fixed rate.

A. synchronous
B. asynchronous
C. isochronous
D. none of the above

2.A--------digital signal includes timing information in the data being transmitted.

A. self-synchronizing
B. self-modulated
C. self-transmitted
D. none of the above

3. In decoding a digital signal, the receiver calculates a running average of the

received signal power, called the --------.

A. baseline
B. base
C. line
D. none of the above
4. The--------rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1s the ------- of signal
elements sent in 1s

A. data; signal
B. signal; data
C. baud; bit
D. none of the above

5. The signal rate is sometimes called the ------ rate.

A. baud
B. bit
C. signal
D. none of the above

6. The data rate is sometimes called the ----- rate

A. baud
B. bit
C. signal
D. none of the above

7. In a ------- scheme, all the signal levels are on one side of the time axis, either
above or below.

A. polar
B. bipolar
C. unipolar
D. all of the above
8. In ------- schemes, the voltages are on the both sides of the time axis. For
example, the voltage level for O can be positive and the voltage level for 1 can be
negative.

A. polar
B. bipolar
C. unipolar
D. all of the above

9. In ------, the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

A. NRZ-I
B. NRZ-L
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

10. In ------, the change or lack of change in the level of the voltage determines the
value of the bit.

A. NRZ-I
B. NRZ-L
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
11. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-L are combined into the ------ scheme.

A. Manchester
B. differential Manchester
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

12. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-I are combined into the ------ scheme

A. Manchester
B. differential Manchester
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

13.In -------- encoding, the duration of the bit is divided into two halves. The
voltage remains at one level during the first half and moves to the other level in the
second half. The transition at the middle of the bit provides synchronization.

A. Manchester
B. differential Manchester
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

14.In ------- there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values
are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if
the next bit is 1, there is none.
A. Manchester
B. differential Manchester
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

15. In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the

middle of the bit is used for --------

A. bit transfer
B. baud transfer
C. synchronization
D. none of the above

16. The minimum bandwidth of Manchester and differential Manchester is that ---
---------- of NRZ.

A. the same as
B. twice
C. thrice
D. none of the above

17.In -------- encoding, we use three levels: positive, zero, and negative

A. unipolar
B. bipolar
C. polar
D. none of the above

18. The ------ scheme uses data patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-bit patterns as
one signal element belonging to a four-level signal

A. 4B5B
B. 2B1Q
C. MLT-3
D. none of the above

19. The -------- scheme uses three levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three transition rules
to move between the levels.

A. 4B5B
B. 2B1Q
C. MLT-3
D. none of the above

20.---------substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VBOVB

A. B4B8
B. HDB3
C. B8ZS
D. none of the above
21. -------- substitutes four consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V

A. B4B8
B. HDB3
C. B8ZSf
D. none of the above

22. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types -------- of encoding.

A. line
B. block
C. NRZ
D. Manchester

23. encoding has a transition at the middle ------ of each bit.

A. RZ
B. Manchester
C. Differential Manchester
D. All the above

24. -------- encoding has a transition at the beginning of each 0 bit.

A. RZ
B. Manchester
C. Differential Manchester
D. All the above

25. PCM is an example of -------- conversion.

A. digital-to-digital
B. digital-to-analog
C. analog-to-analog
D. analog-to-digital

26. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the
highest frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the sampling rate, according to the
Nyquist theorem?

A. 200 samples/s
B. 500 samples/s
C. 1000 samples/s
D. 1200 samples/s

27. The Nyquist theorem specifies the minimum sampling rate to be -------.

A. equal to the lowest frequency of a signal

B. equal to the highest frequency of a signal
C. twice the bandwidth of a signal
D. twice the highest frequency of a signal
28. Which of the following encoding methods does not provide for
synchronization?

A. NRZ-L
B. RZ
C. NRZ-I
D. Manchester

29. Which encoding method uses alternating positive and negative values for 1s?

A. NRZ-I
B. RZ
C. Manchester
D. AMI

30. Which quantization level results in a more faithful reproduction of the signal?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 16
D. 32

31. Block coding can help in ------- at the receiver.

A. Synchronization
B. Error detection
C. Attenuation
D. (a) and (b)

32. In ------- transmission, bits are transmitted simultaneously, each across its own
wire.

A. Asynchronous serial
B. Synchronous serial
C. Parallel
D. (a) and (b)

33. In ----- transmission, bits are transmitted over a single wire, one at a time.

A. asynchronous serial
B. synchronous serial
C. parallel
D. (a) and (b)

34.In ----- transmission, a start bit and a stop bit frame a character byte.

A. asynchronous serial
B. synchronous serial
C. parallel
D. (a) and (b)
35. In asynchronous transmission, the gap time between bytes is -------.

A. fixed
B. variable
C. a function of the data rate
D. zero
36. -------------- conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding,
and scrambling.

A. Analog-to-digital
B. Digital-to-analog C. Analog-to-analog
C. Analog-to-Analog
D. Digital-to-digital

37. -------is the process of converting digital data to a digital signal.

A. Block coding
B. Line coding
C. Scrambling
D. None of the above

38. provides redundancy to ensure synchronization and inherent error detection.

A. Block coding
B. Line coding
C. Scrambling
D. None of the above

39. -------is normally referred to as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-bit group
with an n-bit group.

A. Block coding
B. Line coding
C. Scrambling
D. None of the above

40. -------- provides synchronization without increasing the number of bits.

A. Scrambling
B. Line coding
C. Block coding
D. None of the above

41. Two common scrambling techniques are --------.

A. NRZ and RZ
B. AMI and NRZ
C. B8ZS and HDB3
D. Manchester and differential Manchester
42. The most common technique to change an analog signal to digital data is called
------------.

A. PAL
B. PCM
C. sampling
D. none of the above

43. The first step in PCM is ----------.

A. quantization
B. modulation
C. sampling
D. none of the above

44. There are three sampling methods: -------------.

A. quantized, sampled, and ideal

B. ideal, sampled, and flat-top
C. ideal, natural, and flat-top
D. none of the above

45. ------------ finds the value of the signal amplitude for each sample; finds the
change from the previous sample.

A. DM; PCM
B. PCM; DM
C. DM; CM
D. none of the above

46. While there is (are) only --------- way(s) to send parallel data, there is (are)
three subclass(es) of serial transmission.

A. one; two
B. two, three
C. one; three
D. none of the above

47. In ---------transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or more
stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte.

A. synchronous
B. asynchronous
C. isochronous
D. none of the above

48.In ---------transmission, we send bits one after another without start or stop bits
or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits.
A. synchronous
B. asynchronous
C. isochronous
D. none of the above