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School

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Biology 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Cell Cycle
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent;
Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Loida Palay - Adornado, PhD
Felix M. Famaran

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rowena F. Panol
Editor: Josie Joshua R. Pasion
Illustrator: Mytz Vale Coleen F. Panol
Layout Artist: Rowena F. Panol
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Rosalyn C. Gadiano

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Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telefax: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com.

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   

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iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Biology 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Cell Cycle!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box
in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

In view to the new normal world we are facing, this
module was created to answer that education should
not stop for our learners.
This Biology 1 Module for quarter 1 is all about Cell
Cycle. With this we are trying to allow our learners to
work independently in discovering through simple
and enjoyable activities/experimentation that are
aligned to the competencies that they should learn.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

iv
For the learner:
Welcome to the Biology 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Cell
Cycle!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

v
 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional
Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!

vi
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you learn more on cell cycle.
This lesson deals with the mechanism that enables a cell to become a full
grown organism through cell division. Bear in mind that this module focuses
only in explaining phases of the cell cycle and their control points. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lesson
is arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The module is focused on only one lesson, specifically:

• Lesson 1 – Cell Cycle

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the phases of the cell cycle and their control points;
2. characterize the phases of the cell cycle and their control points;
3. recognize the importance of cell cycle in the normal functioning of an
organism.

What I Know
Find out how much you have already known about the lesson by taking
the short test below. Take note of the questions that you find difficult to
answer and look for the correct answer as you go through this module.

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following explains why a cell has to divide?

A. A volume increases
B. Surface area decreases
C. It will starve
D. It will execute metabolic process

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2. Which of the following is true of the G2 phase?
A. It is the period when the cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
B. It is the period where cells are active and metabolically active, but not
divided.
C. It is the period when the cell’s DNA is being copied through DNA
replication.
D. It is the period when the cell grows fast along with the execution of
its routine metabolic processes.

3. Which event occurs during interphase?

A. the cell grows C. spindle fibers begin to form
B. centrioles appear D. centromere divides

4. What would happen to an animal cell if interphase and mitosis occurred in

the absence of cytokinesis?
A. The cell would enter synthesis phase.
B. The cell would become smaller over time.
C. The amount of DNA in the cell would decrease over time.
D.The number of nuclei in the cell would increase over time.

5. During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated?

A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

6. To which phase does the cell makes additional proteins and organelles?
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

7. What cell cycle checkpoint is the cell’s DNA is being checked for correct
replication?
A. G1 or Cell Growth Checkpoint
B. G2 or DNA Synthesis Checkpoint
C. Mitosis Checkpoint
D. A and B

8. Which event occurs during G0 Phase or Resting Phase?

A. Cell leaves the cell cycle
B. Cell has made the required protein
C. Cell proceeds to the mitosis
D. Cell go through the cell cycle forever

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9. Which phase of the cell cycle normally spends most of its life?
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

10. Which of the following organism would you NOT expect to use the cell
cycle described here?
A. A pechay C. An archaebacteria
B. A puppy D. None of these

11. Which of the following is NOT a reason why interphase is necessary?

A. During interphase, the cell also takes inventory and make sure it is
ready to continue with mitosis.
B. During interphase, the cell makes final preparations before its division.
C. During interphase, the cell grows, develops into a mature, functioning
cell, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
D. During interphase, the cell will undergo prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.

12. How long does the cell cycle take in a typical human cell?
A. A typical human cell might take about 9-10 hours to divide.
B. A typical human cell might take about 11-12 hours to divide.
C. A typical human cell might take about 24 hours to divide.
D. A typical human cell might take about 36 hours to divide.

13. Which of the following best describes the G1 Phase?

A. The cells grow more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to
reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.
B. The cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus
C. The cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the
molecular building blocks it will need in later steps.
D. The cell pinched into two by building a new structure down the middle
of the cell.

14. During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

15. What cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

A. Only during interphase
B. Only when they are being replicated
C. Only during cell division
D. Only during the G1 phase

3
 Lesson
Cell Cycle
2

This lesson deals with the distinct phases for growth, reproduction, and
regulation allowing an organism to perform life’s function. Understanding how
a cell can do such fascinating definite series of events is an interesting topic
to explore. It will enhance your understanding on one of the key features of
life which is the perpetuation of generation of species.

What’s In

Before you start studying this lesson, perform the task below. This will help
you check the knowledge you have for this topic.

Activity 1. Pour It Out

Directions: Copy and complete the graphic organizer below. Generate words
or phrases that describe or explain your idea regarding the
concept of cell cycle. Don’t be bothered whether your idea is
scientifically correct or not. Just “pour out” what’s in your head.

1.__________

6.__________ 2.__________

Cell
Cycle
5.__________ 3.__________

4. __________

4
 What’s New

Before you continue, answer the activity below to understand more the
terms used in the lesson.

Activity 2. Where’s the Word? It Puzzles Me!

Directions: Hidden below are different terms or words involved in the
sequence of events in a cell cycle. List all the words found in the
puzzle. The words may be hidden in any direction: horizontally,
vertically, forwards, and backwards. How many words have you
listed?

5
 What is It

Suppose you scrape your leg while sliding into second base during
softball game. At first, the wound bleeds, but the blood soon clots and forms
a scab. Underneath the dried crust, cells of the immune system clear away
trapped dirt and dead cells. At the same time, undamaged skin cells bordering
the wound begin to divide repeatedly, producing fresh, new daughter cells
that eventually fill the damaged area. Those actively dividing skin cells
illustrate the cell cycle, which describes the events that occur in one complete
round of cell division.
The duration of the cell cycle varies, depending on the cell that is
dividing. Some eukaryotic cells might complete the cycle in as few as eight
minutes, while other cells might take up to one year. For most normal, actively
dividing animal cells, the cell cycle takes 12-24 hours. When you consider all
that takes place during the cell cycle, you might find it amazing that most of
your cells complete the cell cycle in about a day.
Growth rates vary widely in different organisms and even in the
different tissues within an organism. You have learned that organisms are
composed of cells, which can either be prokaryotic or eukaryotic, depending
on how simple or complex these organisms are. Prokaryotic cells have similar
structures with eukaryotic cells but not identical, Prokaryotic cells lack
membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton. Because of these
characteristics, they divide more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.
The cell cycle is a complex sequence of events by which cells grow and
divide. It is divided into four major phases – G1 (Growth Phase 1), S
(Synthesis Phase), G2 (Growth Phase 2), and M (Mitotic Phase).
Collectively, the G1, S, and G2 Phases are the interphase (non-dividing
phase), whereas the M or mitotic phase is the cell-dividing phase. In addition
to the basic phases, G0 (resting phase) needs to be mentioned. In the G0
phase, cells are active and metabolically active, but not divided. This is the
state in which the cell leaves the cell cycle. The phase can be temporary or
permanent. An example is a neuron which has lost its capability to divide as
it has achieved the highest differentiation state.

6
Figure 1. The Cell Cycle. Interphase includes gap phases (G1 and G2), when the cell grows and some organelles
duplicate. During the synthesis (S) phase of interphase, DNA replicates. Mitosis divides the replicated genetic material
between two nuclei. Cytokinesis then splits the cytoplasm in half, producing two identical daughter cells.

The Stages of Interphase During interphase, the cell grows, develops into a
mature, functioning cell, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
Interphase is divided into three stages as G1, S, and G2 also called Gap1 or
Growth Phase 1, Synthesis Phase, and Gap2 or Growth Phase 2.

Phase Stage Description

Growth Phase 1 Cells increase in size. Organelles are
(G1) being built. DNA synthesis starts.
Cell copies its DNA in preparation for
Synthesis
Interphase cell division.
Growth Phase 2 Cells continue to grow, and protein
(G2) synthesis continues in preparation for
the division of its nucleus.

The first stage of interphase, G1, is the period immediately after a cell
divides. During G1, a cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and
preparing to replicate DNA. Some cells, such as muscle and nerve cells, exit
the cell cycle at this point and do not divide again.
The second stage of interphase, S, is the period when a cell copies its
DNA in preparation for cell division. Chromosomes are the structures that
contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of
cells. Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus.

7
 The G2 stage follows the S stage and is the period when the cell prepares
for the division of its nucleus. A protein that makes microtubules for cell
division is synthesized at this time. During G2, the cell also takes inventory
and make sure it is ready to continue with mitosis. When these activities are
completed, the cell begins the next stage of the cell cycle-mitosis.
In addition to the above basic phases, G0 (resting phase) needs to be
mentioned. This is the state in which the cell leaves the cell cycle. The phase
can be temporary or permanent. An example is a neuron which has lost its
capability to divide as it has achieved the highest differentiation state.

Mitosis and Cytokinesis The stages of mitosis and cytokinesis follow

interphase. Mitosis (M) involves the division of the nucleus and the genetic
material. Scientists divide mitosis into four parts-prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase, dealt in more detail in lesson 3 of this module.
During M stage, the hereditary material of the parent cell is given into the
daughter cells. This leads to the formation of two daughter cells containing
the identical genetic materials. Since the goal of mitosis is to distribute an
identical set of genetic instructions, that is, one copy of each chromosome to
the two daughter cells, it is logical for DNA replication to occur before mitosis
begins. During this stage, the cell’s nuclear membrane disintegrates, while
the DNA condenses, forming two nuclei. In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm and the
two nuclei are distributed into the two forming daughter cells, which then
physically separate. The process differs somewhat between animal and plant
cells. In an animal cell, the first sign of cytokinesis is the cleavage furrow, a
slight indentation around the middle of the dividing cell. A ring of proteins
beneath the cell membrane contracts like a drawstring, separating the
daughter cells. Unlike animal cells, plant cells are surrounded by cell walls.
A dividing plant cell must therefore construct a new wall that separates the
two daughter cells. The first sign of cell wall construction is the cell plate, a
structure that appears at the middle of the dividing plant cell. The cell plate
grows and consolidates as vesicles from the Golgi apparatus deliver cellulose,
other polysaccharides, and proteins. The resulting layer of cellulose fibers
embedded in surrounding material makes a strong, rigid wall that gives a
plant cell its shape.

Quality Control Checkpoints Recall the process of starting a car. Many

manufacturers use a unique microchip in the key to ensure that only a
specific key will start each car. This is a checkpoint against theft. The cell
cycle also has built-in checkpoints that monitor the cycle and can stop it if
something goes wrong. For example, a check point near the end of the G1
stage monitors for DNA damage and can stop the cycle before entering the S
stage of interphase. There are other quality control checkpoints during the S
stage and after DNA replication in the G2 stage. Spindle checkpoints also have

8
been identified in mitosis. If a failure of the spindle fibers is detected, the cycle
can be stopped before cytokinesis. Cell cycle checkpoints are important
regulatory requirements before the cell cycle continues, as shown in Figure 2.
Cell cycle regulators are proteins that function to detect and repair DNA
damage and prevent rapid uncontrolled cell division. The regulations are
dependent also in signaling relay of the cell. Cyclins are regulatory subunits
that do not have a catalytic function. The cell synthesizes this during the cell
cycle. The cyclin- dependent kinases (CDK), is a catalytic sub-unit that
becomes active only when cyclin is abound to it. The binding of CDKs and
cyclins function together to phosphorylate and stimulate or deactivate target
molecule in the succeeding steps of the cell cycle. Specific types of cyclin and
CDKs and cyclin combination determine specific target molecule (protein).

The G1 Checkpoint The G1 checkpoint determines whether all conditions

are favorable for cell division to proceed. The G1 checkpoint, also called the
restriction point (in yeast), is a point at which the cell commits to the cell
division process. External influences, such as growth factors, play a large role
in carrying the cell past the G1 checkpoint. In addition to adequate reserves
and cell size, there is a check for genomic DNA damage at the G1 checkpoint.
A cell that does not meet all the requirements will not be allowed to progress
into the S phase. The cell can halt the cycle and attempt to remedy the
problematic condition, or the cell can advance into G0 and await further
signals when conditions improve.

The G2 Checkpoint The G2 checkpoint bars entry into the mitotic phase if
certain conditions are not met. As at the G1 checkpoint, cell size and protein
reserves are assessed. However, the most important role of the G2 checkpoint
is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the
replicated DNA is not damaged. If the checkpoint mechanisms detect
problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either
complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA.

The M Checkpoint The M checkpoint occurs near the end of the metaphase
stage of karyokinesis. The M checkpoint is also known as the spindle
checkpoint, because it determines whether all the sister chromatids are
correctly attached to the spindle microtubules. Because the separation of the
sister chromatids during anaphase is an irreversible step, the cycle will not
proceed until the kinetochores of each pair of sister chromatids are firmly
anchored to at least two spindle fibers arising from opposite poles of the cell.

9
 Mitosis Checkpoint
Cell Growth Checkpoint
▪ Occurs during
mitosis phase (M). ▪ Occurs toward the end
▪ Are chromosomes of growth phase 1 (G1)
lined up in the ▪ Am I large enough?
middle? ▪ Do I need to divide?

G2/DNA Synthesis
Checkpoint

▪ Occurs during the

synthesis phase (S)
▪ Is my DNA copy
correct?
▪ Am I ready to divide?

Figure 2. The cell cycle is controlled at three checkpoints. The integrity of the DNA is assessed at the G1checkpoint.
Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at the G2 checkpoint. Attachment of each kinetochore to spindle fiber is
assessed at the M checkpoint.

What’s More

Now that you have understood the lesson, let us check further your
understanding by performing the next activity.

Activity 3A. What a Cell Cycle Like?

Draw and label the cell cycle using the following terms in the word box.
Use additional paper for the diagram and guide questions.

Anaphase Metaphase
M/Mitotic Phase Mitosis
Cytokinesis Prophase
G1/Growth 1 Phase S/Synthesis Phase
G2/Growth 2 Phase Telophase
Interphase

10
 Then, lightly color the G1 Phase ORANGE, the S Phase RED, the G2
Phase BLUE and stages of mitosis GREEN on your diagram. Likewise, the
part indicating the interphase YELLOW and the other part indicating
cytokinesis VIOLET.

Using the cell cycle diagram you made, answer the questions that
follow.
1. In what stage do most cells spend majority of their lifetime?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this cell cycle checkpoint?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this cell cycle checkpoint?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. What does M stand for and what occurs in this cell cycle checkpoint?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activity 3B. What an Idea!

Directions: Complete the table below. In the first column, indicate the
distinct phases of cell cycle and their check points. For the
second column, indicate the events or activities in each phases
using your own understanding.

Cell Cycle Phase/Checkpoints Events/Activities in the cell

11
 What I Have Learned

Now work on the next activity to find out how well you can make a
summary of what you know about the lesson.

Activity 4. What I’ve learned

Directions: Complete each statement below as to the insights you have
learned from the lesson.

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Let me tell you about some of the important things I’ve learned about
the lesson. First I’ll start with…
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
__
____________________________________________________________
__________
____________________________________________________________
Next I’ll tell you about…
__________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_______

Something else I learned was…

___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________
_____________________________________________________________
________
Lastly, I now truly understand about…
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

13
 What I Can Do

The next activity will help you transfer your knowledge which you have
learned or gained into real-life situations.

Activity 3. Stop and Think

Directions: From the questions below, try to recollect your thoughts about
your knowledge on the events that take place in the life of a cell.
Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Why must the cell cycle be carefully controlled?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. What happens to the body when there is uncontrolled cell growth?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasm division that results in genetically

identical daughter cells. What would happen if cytokinesis was skipped?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Congratulations for finishing the lesson! Everything is over except for the
assessment below. Don’t fail to answer this part of the lesson. This will check
how much you have learned.

14
 Assessment

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Encircle the letter of the best
answer.
1. Which of these statements is TRUE about G1/Growth 1 checkpoint in the
cell cycle?
A. Checks whether mitosis is complete.
B. Checks whether the DNA has been duplicated correctly.
C. Checks whether cells are large enough and has made the required
protein for the synthesis phase.
D. Checks whether the cells are not actively preparing to divide.

2. Which describes the activities of a cell that include cellular growth and
cell division?
A. Mitosis C. Synthesis
B. Cell cycle D. Interphase

3. Which of the following represents the sequence of events that cells go

through as they grow and divide?
A. Growth Phase 1, Growth Phase 2, Synthesis Phase, Mitotic Phase
B. Mitotic Phase, Synthesis Phase, Growth Phase 1, Growth Phase 2
C. Growth Phase 1, Synthesis Phase, Growth Phase 2, Mitotic Phase
D. Growth Phase 2, Mitotic Phase, Growth Phase 1, Synthesis Phase

4. Collectively, what do you call the G1, S, and G2 Phases in the cell cycle?
A. Interphase C. Mitotic Phase
B. Resting Phase D. Restriction Phase

5. Which phase of the cell cycle did you observe to be the longest?
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

6. Cell division is completed through the physical separation of the

cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells during what stage of the
cell cycle?
A. Interphase B. Mitosis C. Cytokinesis D. B and C

7. Why are cell cycle control checkpoints so important?

A. Because they ensure that mitosis occurs continuously in all body
cells.

15
 B. Because they determine how quickly a cell’s DNA gets copied.
C. Because they help prevent cells with damaged DNA from dividing.
D. Because they ensure that metaphase always follow anaphase.

8. Which describes the process of cytokinesis?

A. nucleus disappears C. spindle disintegrates
B. chromosome duplicates D. cytoplasm divides

9. Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that
occurs during that phase?
A. G1 phase: DNA synthesis starts
B. G2 phase: preparation for mitosis
C. S phase: Organelles are being built
D. M phase: division of the nucleus

Refer to the diagram to answer question 10.

10. To which phase does the arrow in the diagram point?

A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

11. Which phase of the cell cycle contains a critical checkpoint where it makes
sure that the cell is growing to its correct size and duplicating DNA
without damage?
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

16
For numbers 12 to 15, choose from the following phases of the cell cycle.
A. Growth Phase 1 C. Synthesis Phase
B. Growth Phase 2 D. Mitotic Phase

12. The cell carries out its normal metabolic functions.

13. The cell makes final preparations before its division.
14. The cell divides into two daughter cells with equal distribution of
chromosome among daughter cells
15. The cell’s DNA is being copied faithfully through the process of DNA
replication, which involves regulatory proteins.

Additional Activities

At this point, let us reinforce the knowledge that you have gained from
the lesson by doing this activity.

Activity 6. Extended Activity

Conduct research on at least two disorders or diseases that result from
the malfunction of the cell during the cell cycle and make a brochure
indicating only one of the disorders or diseases that are dependent upon the
malfunction in the cell cycle.

Rubric for Brochure

weight

Criteria Proficient Adequate Needs Work Unsatisfactory

 Demonstrates  Demonstrates  Demonstrates  Lacks

in depth understandin little understandin
understanding g of the topic understandin g of topic
of topic  Employs g of topic  Reports only
 Accurately research  Employs the most
50%

Content
utilizes information research basic parts of
researched with an information the
information in adequate with a fair information
the brochure degree of degree of
accuracy accuracy

17
  Well organized  Content is  Content lacks  Unorganized
content organized organization content
 Attractive and  Format is  Format is  Hard to follow
well-designed adequate difficult to  Message
format  Message is follow and difficult to
 Clear and sufficiently poorly understand;
easily understood organized tendency to
Written
20% understood  Computer  Message not wander or
Presentation
message generated clearly ramble
 Computer with understood  Handwritten or
generated with acceptable  Computer computer
strong visual eye appeal generated but generated
appeal poorly with little
designed organization
or skill
 Five sources  Three sources  Two sources  Less than two
used used used sources used
 Use of reliable  Sources have  Questionable  Little reliability
sources some reliability of of sources
Research  Accurate reliability sources  Inaccurate
15%

Quality analysis of  Adequate  Basic information

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What I Can Do
1. Why must the cell cycle be carefully controlled?
Control of the cell cycle is needed for a few reasons. Cells could
continuously undergo cell division if the cell cycle was not regulated. What’s New
Although this could be advantageous for some cells, it would be
biologically wasteful over the entire constant reproduction without Activity 2.
purpose. Similarly, the internal control of the cell cycle is important at Where’s the
appropriate times for signaling the passage from one phase to the next.
2. What happens to the body when there is uncontrolled cell growth?
Word? It
Cancer is essentially the product of cells that develop and don't die Puzzles Me!
uncontrollably. It is characterized by cell division which is Interphase
uncontrolled and abnormal. It happens when there is cell cycle mitotic phase
interruption. Instead of stopping and starting at appropriate points, Cytokinesis
cancer cells continually divide until a disorganized solid mass of cells synthesis
is created, called tumors.
cell checkpoint
3. Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasm division that results in
genetically identical daughter cells. What would happen if cytokinesis prophase
was skipped? cell cycle
If cytokinesis was skipped, the cells wouldn't separate into two different metaphase
cells. Cytokinesis needs to occur at the right time and place, so that telophase
each daughter cell has a complete diploid set of chromosomes, and so anaphase
that chromosome movement is not interrupted. Thus the cell would
remain to be at rest not being able to separate into two individual cells.
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. D 3A – Drawing of Cell Cycle 1. C
2. A 2. B
3. A 3. C
4. D 4. A
5. C 5. A
6. B 6. C
7. B _ the answer to guide 7. C
8. A questions are as follows: 8. D
9. A 1. 4 9. C
10. D 2. G1. S. G2 10. D
3. G1/Growth 1 Phase
11. C 4. G2/Growth 2 Phase 11. B
12. C 5. Synthesis phase 12. A
13. C 13. B
14. D 3B – cell cycle and their 14. D
15. C check points and the events
or activities in each phases
15. C
(Possible answers are
provided on the next page)
Answer Key
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Events or activities in each phases Cell Cycle/Checkpoints
- G1 (Growth Phase 1), the cell grows 1. G1 (Growth Phase 1)/ G1 or Cell
fast along with the execution of its Growth Checkpoint
routine metabolic processes-the
synthesis of proteins and organelles
needed for cell division.
-G1 or Cell Growth Checkpoint, the
checking towards the end of the G1
phase, in which it makes surveillance if
the cell is large enough and has made
the required protein for the synthesis
phase.
- S (synthesis Phase), the cell’s DNA is 2. S (synthesis Phase)
being copied through the process of
DNA replication, which involves many
regulatory proteins.
- G2 (Growth Phase 2), the cell makes 3. G2 (Growth Phase 2)/ G2/DNA
final preparation before its division. For Synthesis Checkpoint
example, it makes additional proteins
and organelles.
- G2/DNA Synthesis Checkpoint, the
checking occurs during the S phase, in
which the cell’s DNA is being checked
for correct replication down to the last
nucleotide. If so, the cell will proceed to
the mitosis.
- M (Mitotic Phase), the cell will 4. M (Mitotic Phase)
undergo prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase dealt in more
detail in the next lesson of this module.
- Mitosis Checkpoint is the final
checkpoint. Before division. The
checking occurs during mitosis to
make sure that the cell has already
completed the mitotic process. If the
requirements is fulfilled, the cell
divides and cell cycle repeats.
What’s More – Activity 3B
References
Books

Biggs, Haggins, et al. Biology, Phoenix Publishing House, 2013.

Dela Peña, R., Gracilla, D., and Christian R Pangilinan. General Biology
(Combined Book 1&2), 1st ed. JFS Publishing Services, 2016
Faltado, Ruben et al. General Biology 1, Lorimar Publishing, Inc. 2017.

Hoefnagels, Marielle. General Biology (Books I and II). McGraw-Hill Education,

2016.
Ramos, Anna Cherylle and John Donni Ramos. Exploring Life Through
Science: Biology, 2nd ed. Phoenix Publishing House, 2011.

Rhea, Maria Angelica D., and Nikki Heherson A. General Biology 2. Rex
Publishing.

Scilinks TIMSS- Based Learning Materials for secondary level

Web Sources

Retrieved on June 8, 2020: Biology for AP® Courses, https://openstax.org.

Retrieved on June 23 2020: Rubric for brochure, http://cte.sfasu.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/Brochure.doc

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor DepEd Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone No. (048) 434-0099

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