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What Is Arithmetic Sequence, What Is Geometric Sequence

An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is calculated by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the preceding term. A geometric sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is calculated by multiplying the preceding term by a constant value, called the common ratio. An arithmetic geometric sequence is a sequence formed by the product of the terms of an arithmetic sequence and a geometric sequence. The sum of an infinite arithmetic geometric sequence can be calculated when the common ratio is between -1 and 1. The geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is the square root of their product, or √ab, and represents the number that when used to form a geometric progression with a and b, yields a

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153 views2 pages

What Is Arithmetic Sequence, What Is Geometric Sequence

An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is calculated by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the preceding term. A geometric sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is calculated by multiplying the preceding term by a constant value, called the common ratio. An arithmetic geometric sequence is a sequence formed by the product of the terms of an arithmetic sequence and a geometric sequence. The sum of an infinite arithmetic geometric sequence can be calculated when the common ratio is between -1 and 1. The geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is the square root of their product, or √ab, and represents the number that when used to form a geometric progression with a and b, yields a

Uploaded by

Ana May Baniel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Arithmetic Sequence?

An arithmetic sequence is of the form:

a, a+d, a+2d, …… a + (n − 2)d, a + (n − 1)da, a+d, a+2d, …… a + (n − 2)d, a + (n − 1)d;


where aa is the first term,
dd is the common difference
a + (n − 1)da + (n − 1)d is nthnth term of A.P.

What is a Geometric Sequence?


Similarly, a geometric sequence is of the
form b, br, br2 , …… brn − 2,brn − 1b, br, br2 , …… brn − 2,brn − 1
here bb is the first term,
rr is the common ratio
brn − 1brn − 1 is nthnth term of the G.P.

What is Arithmetic Geometric Sequence?


Let a1, a2, a3, ……. ana1, a2, a3, ……. an be an A.P
and b1, b2, b3, ……. bnb1, b2, b3, ……. bn be a G.P
Then, a1 b1, a2 b2, a3 b3, ……, an bna1 b1, a2 b2, a3 b3, ……, an bn is called as an
arithmetic geometric sequence and it is of the form,
ab, (a + d)br, (a + 2d)br2, ……., [a + (n−2)d] brn − 2, [a + (n − 1)d]brn − 1ab, (a + d)br, (a +
2d)br2, ……., [a + (n−2)d] brn − 2, [a + (n − 1)d]brn − 1
Sum of n terms of the above sequence is found as follows:

Sn=ab+(a+d)br+(a+2d)br2+…….+[a+(n−2)d]brn−2+[a+(n−1)d]brn−1Sn=ab+(a+d)br+(a+
2d)br2+…….+[a+(n−2)d]brn−2+[a+(n−1)d]brn−1 —- (1)
Now, multiplying each term with rr gives,
rSn=abr+(a+d)br2+(a+2d)br3+….+[a+(n−2)d]brn−1+[a+(n−1)d]brnrSn=abr+(a+d)br2+(
a+2d)br3+….+[a+(n−2)d]brn−1+[a+(n−1)d]brn ––(2)
Subtract equation (2) from equation (1), we get

Sn − rSn=ab + dbr + dbr2 + dbr3 + …… + dbrn−1 – [a + (n − 1)d]brnSn − rSn=ab + dbr + d


br2 + dbr3 + …… + dbrn−1 – [a + (n − 1)d]brn —(3)
In the above series, if we exclude the first term and the last term,

dbr + dbr2 + dbr3 + ………. + dbrn − 1dbr + dbr2 + dbr3 + ………. + dbrn − 1 is a G.P
Sum of nn terms of G.P is a 1 − rn1 − r1 − rn1 − r,
Therefore, dbr + dbr2 + dbr3 + ………. + dbrn − 1dbr + dbr2 + dbr3 + ………. + dbrn − 1 = d
br1 − rn − 11 − rdbr1 − rn − 11 − r
Now, (3) becomes as,
(1-r)
Sn = ab + dbr1 − rn − 11 − r − [a + (n − 1)d]brnab + dbr1 − rn − 11 − r − [a + (n − 1)d]brn,
where r ≠ 0r ≠ 0
Sn = ab1 − r + dbr1 − rn − 1(1−r)2 − [a + (n−1)d]brn1 − rab1 − r + dbr1 − rn − 1(1−r)2 − [a + (n−1)d]b
rn1 − r
If the common ratio of the sequence lies between -1 and 1, then

limn→∞ rnlimn→∞ rn = 00
Therefore, the sum of infinite terms of the sequence in (1) is,

S = ab1 − r + dbr(1−r)2ab1 − r + dbr(1−r)2 [-1<r<1]

Geometric Mean
Consider two positive numbers a and b, the geometric mean of these two numbers is √ab√ab.
For example; Geometric mean of 3 and 27 is √(3×27)=9
The numbers 3, 9, 27 is in a G.P with common ratio 3.
In general; between 2 positive numbers a and b, we can insert as many numbers as we like such
that the resulting sequence forms a G.P.
Let G1, G2, G3……Gn be the n numbers inserted between the positive numbers a and b such that,
a,G1,G2,G3……Gn forms a G.P. “a” is the first term and b is (n+2)th term.
b = ar{n+1},

r=(ba)1n + 1r=(ba)1n + 1
It gives, G1 a( ) a(ba)1n + 1
= ar = ba 1n + 1

G2 = a(ba)2n + 1a(ba)2n + 1
= ar
2

G2 = ar3 = a(ba)3n + 1a(ba)3n + 1


Gn = arn = a(ba)nn + 1a(ba)nn + 1

Relation Between Arithmetic Mean (A.M) and Geometric Mean (G.M)


Consider two positive numbers aa and bb;
A.MA.M = a + b2a + b2
G.MG.M = √ab√ab
A.M − G.MA.M − G.M = a + b2 − √aba + b2 − √ab = a + b − 2√ab2a + b − 2√ab2
A.M − G.MA.M − G.M = (√a − √b)22(√a − √b)22 which is greater than or equal to 0.
Therefore, A.M ≥ G.MA.M ≥ G.M

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