2:14 CHAPTER 2 - Minimum Design Loads SECTION 208 EARTHQUAKE LOADS 208.1 General 208.11 Purpose ‘The purpose of the succeeding earthquake provisions is primarily to design seismic-resistant structures to safeguard against major structural damage that may lead to loss of life and property. These provisions are not intended to assure zero-damage to structures nor maintain their functionality after a severe earthquake. 2081.2 Minimum Seismie Desiga Structures and portions thereof shall, as a minimum, be designed and constructed 10 resist the effects of seismic ground motions as provided in this section. 208.13 Seismic and Wind Design When the code-prescribed wind design produces greater effects, the wind design shall govern, but detailing requirements and limitations prescribed in this section and referenced sections shall be made to govern. 208.2 Definitions See Section 202, 208.3 Symbols and Notations: e fl ground floor area of structure to include area covered by all overhangs and projections, m? the combined effective area of the shear walls in the first storey of the structure, m? the minimum cross-sectional area in any horizontal plane in the first storey ofa shear wall, the torsional amplification factor at Level x ‘numerical coefficient specified in Section 208.7 and set forth in Table 208-13 seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-7 numerical coefficient given in Section 208,5.2.2 seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-8 dead load J. = the length of a shear wail inthe first storey in the direction parallel to the applied forces, m E.EyEm Ey = earthquake loads set forth in Section 208.6 F, = design seismie force applied to Level &, n or x, respectively Fy ~ design seismic force on a part ofthe structure Fp design seismic foree on a diaphragm > 1 > " that portion of the base shear, V, considered, concentrated at the top of the structure in addition toFy lateral force at Level é for use in Equation 208. fi ag g _ = acceleration due to gravity ~ 9.815 m/sec Iiyly Itz = height above the base to Level i, m or x, respectively, m 1 importance factor given in Table 208-1 Ty = importance factor for nonstructural component as given in Table 208-1 L = liveload Level i = level of the structure refered to by the subscript é “i = 1” designates the first level above the base Levelm = that level that is uppermost in the main portion of the structure Levelx = that level that is under design consideration Sx. = IP designates the first evel above the base M_— = maximum moment magnitude Nq = near-source factor used in the determination of Cy in Scismie Zone 4 related to both the proximity of the building or structure to known faults with ‘magnitudes as set forth in Tables 208-4 and 208-5 N= neat-sourve factor used in the determination of Cy in Seismic Zone 4 related to both the proximity of the building or structure to known faults with magnitudes as set forth in Tables 208-4 and 208-6 PI ~ plasticity index of soil determined in accordance with approved national standards R= numerical coefficient representative ofthe inherent over-strengih and global ductility capacity of Jaterl-force-resisting systems, as set forth in Table 208-11 or 308-12 r =a ratio used in determining pLicithe redundancy/reliaility factor. See Section 20835. Sw SeScSoSeS- — ~ soil profile types as set forth in Table 208-2 T = elastic fundamental period of vibration of the structure in the direction under consideration, v base shear given by Equations, 208-8, 208-9, 208-10, 208-11 or 208-15 V, = the design storey shear in Storey x W = the total seismic dead load defined in Section 208.5.2.1 W;,Wy = that portion of W located at or assigned to Level for x, respectively W, = the weight of an element or component Wyx ~ the weight of the diaphragm and the element tributary thereto at Level x, including applicable portions of other loads defined in Section 2086.1 Z = seismic zone factor as given in Table 208-3, Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)‘Sy = Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, which is the total drift or total storey drift that occurs when the structure is subjected to the Design Basis Ground Motion, including estimated elastic and inelastic contributions to the total deformation defined in Section 208.6.4.2, mm Design Level Response Displacement, which is the total drift or total storey drift that occurs when the structure is subjected to the design seismie forces, mm horizontal displacement at Level {relative to the base due to applied lateral forces, f;, for use in Equation 208-14, mm Redundaney/Reliability Factor given by Equation 208-20 Seismic Force Amplification Factor, which is required to account for structural over-strength and set forth in Table 208-11 208.4 Basis for Design 2084.1 General ‘The procedures and the limitations for the design of structures shall be determined considering seismic zoning, site charaeteristies, occupancy, configuration, structural system and height in accordance with this section, Structures shall be designed with adequate strength to ‘withstand the lateral displacements induced by the Design Basis Ground Motion, considering the inelastic response of the structure and the inherent redundancy, over-strength and ductility of the lateral force-resisting system. ‘The minimum design strength shall be based on the Design Seismic Forces determined in accordance with the static lateral force procedure of Section 208.5, except as modified by Section 208.5.3.5.4, Where strength design is used, the load combinations of Section 203.3 shall apply. Where Allowable Stress Design is used, the load combinations of Section 203.4 shall apply. Allowable Stress Design may be used to evaluate sliding ‘or overtuming at the soil-structure interface regardless of the design approach used in the design of the structure, provided load combinations of Section 203.4 are utilized. CHAPTER 2 finimium Desig 208.4.2 Occupancy Categories For purposes of earthquake-resistant design, each structure shall be placed in one of the occupancy categories listed in ‘Table 103-1, Table 208-1 assigns importance factors, J and Ip. and. structural observation requirements. for each category. ‘Table 208-1 - Seismic Importance Factors Saomle | Seine Qecupaney — | importance | importance? vategory Factor, J Factor, Ip 1 Essential Facilities * ia 10 1. Weardas Facilities a 150 Speci Occupancy Lon 100 Structures IV. Standard | Occupancy Lon Lo» Stractures V.— Misclianous structures: eI i " See Table 103-1 for occupancy category listing 2 The limitation of Ip for panel connections in Section 208,7.2.3 shall be 1.0 for the entire connector ® Structural observation requirements are given in Section 1079 * Foranchorage of machinery and equipment required for life-safety systems, the value of Ip shall be taken as 1.5 208.43 Site Geology and Soll Characteristics Each site shall be assigned a soil profile type based on properly substantiated geotechnical data using the site ‘categorization procedure set forth in Section 208.4.3.1.1 and Table 208-2, Exception: When the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail 10 determine the soil profile type, Type Sp shall be used. Soil Profile Type Sp or Sp need not be assumed unless the building official determines that Type Sg or Sp may be present at the site or in the event that Type Sp or Sp is established by geotechnical data National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20152186 CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads 208.431 Soil Profile Type Soil Profile Types $4, Sa, Se, Sp and Se are defined in Table 208-2 and Soil Profile Type Sp is defined as soils requiring site-specific evaluation as follows: 1. Soils vulnerable to potential failure or collapse under seismic loading, such as liquefiable sols, quick and highly sensitive clays, and collapsible weakly cemented sols. Peats and/or highly organic clays, where the thickness of peat or highly organic clay exceeds 3.0 m. 3. Very high plasticity clays witha plasticity index, PI > 75, where the depth of clay exceeds 7.5 m. 4. Very thick soft’medium stiff clays, where the depth of clay exceeds 35 m, 5. The criteria set forth in the definition for Soil Profile Type Sp requiring site-specific evaluation shall be considered. Ifthe site corresponds to these criteria, the site shall be classified as Soil Profile Type Sp and a site-specific evaluation shall be conducted, 208.4.3.1.1 Site Categorization Procedure 208.43.1.1.1 Scope ‘This section describes the procedure for determining Soil Profile Types $, through Sas defined in Table 208-2. ‘Table 208-2 - Soil Profile Types “Average Soil Properties for Top 30 m of Soil Profile Soil Profile | Soil Profile Name / Generic es rafleName/ Generic | Scar wane Velox, (SPT, Wot | Shear oe se Vs (mus) 300mm) | Strength, Sy (kPa) Sa Hard Rock > 1500 Se Rock 760 to 1500 Se ‘Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock 360 10 760 50 > 100 Sp Stiff Soil Profile 180 t0 360 151050 30%0 100 Set Soft Soil Profile < 180 <15 <50 4 Soil Requiring Site-specific Evaluation * ‘See Section 208.4.3.1 1 Soll Profile Type Se also includes any soll profile with more than 3.0 m of soft clay defined as a soil with plasticity index, PI>20, Wine 2 40% and 5 < 24 kPa. The Plasticity Index, PI, and the moisture content, Wye, shall be determined in accordance with approved national standards. 208.43.1.1.2 Definitions Soil profile types are defined as follows: Hard rock with measured shear wave velocity, v, > 1500 m/s Rock with 760 m/s < v, < 1500 m/s Very dense soil and soft rock with 360 m/s < ¥, < 760 m/s or with either N > 50 ot 54> 100 kPa Stiff soil with 180 m/s < vs <360m/s or with 15 20, Wye 2 40 percent and Sq < 25 kPa Soils requiring site-specific evaluation, refer to Section 208.4.3.1 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)208.4.3.1.1.2.1 _v,, Average Shear Wave Velocity v, shall be determined in accordance with the following equation: (208-1) where d, thickness of Layer ¢, m vy = shear wave velocity in Layer i, m/s 208.4.3.1.1.2.2 N, Average Field Standard Penetration Resistance and Neny Average Standard Penetration Resistance for Cohesionless Soil Layers N and Ney shall be determined in accordance with the following equation: (208-2) (208-3) where d= thickness of Layer i in mm d, = the toll thickness of cohesionless soi layers in the top 30m 1M; = the standard penetration resistance of soil layer in accordance with approved nationally recognized standards 208.4.3.1.12.3 sy, Average Undrained Shear Strength Sy shall be determined in accordance with the following. ‘equation: Su (208-4) Tage d, = the total thickness (100 ~ d,) of cohesive soil layers in the top 30:m Sw = the undrained shear strength in accordance with approved nationally recognized standards, not to exceed 250 kPa CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads 2-187 208.4.3.1. 24 Rock Profiles, S, and Sz ‘The shear wave velocity for rock, Soil Profile Type Sp, shall be cither measured on site or estimated by a geotechnical engineer, engineering geologist or seismologist for competent rock with moderate fracturing. and weathering. Softer and more highly fractured and weathered rock shall either be measured on site for shear ‘wave velocity or classified as Soil Profile Type Sc. ‘The hard rock, Soil Profile Type Sq, category shall be supported by shear wave velocity measurement either on site or on profiles of the same rock type in the same formation with an equal or greater degree of weathering and fracturing. Where hard rock conditions are known to ‘be continuous to a depth of 30m, surficial shear wave velocity measurements may be extrapolated to assess The rock categories, Soil Profile Types $4 and Sp, shall, not be used if there is more than 3 meters of soil between, the rock surface and the bottom of the spread footing or mat foundation. The definitions presented herein shall apply to the upper 30 m of the site profile. Profiles containing distinctly different soil layers shall be subdivided into those layers, designated by a number from I to m at the bottom, where there are a total of distinct layers in the upper 30 m, The symbol # then refer to any one of the layers between 1 and 208.4.3.1.1.2.5 Soft Clay Profile, S The existence of a total thickness of soft clay greater than 3 m shall be investigated where a soft clay layer is defined by Sy <24KPa, Wine > 40 percent and PI > 20. If these criteria are met, the site shall be classified as Soil Profile Type Ss. 208.4.3.1.12.6 Soil Profiles Se, Sp and Sy Sites with Soil Profile Types S¢, Sp and Sp shall be classified by using one of the following three methods with ¥, ,N and 54 computed in all cases as specified in Section 20843.11. Lv, forthe top 30 meters (v, method) 2. N forthe top 30 meters (N method) 3. Noy for cohesionless soil layers (PI < 20) in the top 30 mand average sy for cohesive soil layers (PI > 20) in the top 30 m (Sy method). National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20152188 CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads 2084.4 Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics Table 208-4 - Seismic Source Types ' Seismic hazard characteristics for the site shall_ be Scismie Source ‘established based on the seismic zone and proximity of the Seismic Definition site to active seismic sources, site soil profile Source | Seismic Source |__| characteristics and the structure's importance factor. "Type scription | Maximum Moment Magnitude, M 208.4.4.1 Seismic Zone }_—_}_ _}_____} Faults that are The Philippine archipelago is divided into two seismic capable of zones only. Zone 2 covers the provinces of Palawan producing large (except Busuanga) , Sulu and Tawi-Tawi while the rest of A magnitude events | 705M <8.4 the country is under Zone 4 as shown in Figure 208-1. Each and that have a structure shall be assigned a seismic zone factor Z, in high rate of seismic accordance with Table 208-3 activity Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z ‘All faults other a 3 7 B than Types Aand | 655 M<7.0 Z 0.20 0.40 7 Faults that are not 208.4.4.2 Seismic Source Types capable of Table 208-4 defines the types of selmi sources, The producing large location and type of seismic sources to be used for design c eceeaetiod M<65 shall be established based on approved geological data; see furs Figure 208-2A. Type A sources shall be determined from senna cate Figure 208-2B, 2C, 2D, 2E or the most recent mapping of of sclemie activity ‘active faults by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and ote Seismology (PHIVOLCS) 'Subduction sources shall be evaluated on a site- specific basis. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 2—Mininum Design Loads 2-189 ww = wr mr m88 oo a Figure 208-1 Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 2015,2.190 CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines of Figure 208-2A Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)== Figure 208-28 Distribution of Active Faults in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Ealtion, 20152492 CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads Pct moe Cee Cee in Region 1 iis Boe T == | ed + = |. @ ho —— \ ao Figure 208-2C Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 1 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads Figure 208-2D Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 2 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015 21932-194 CHAPTER 2 - Minimum Design Loads, a Gy S 3 : o IRS Tae YA oh Co Lest Lae [ONC IT] Figure 208-2E Distribution of Active Faults in Region 3 ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)HAPTER 2 — Minimum Design Lox Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 4A Figure 208-2F Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 44, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2012.196 CHAPTER 2 ~ Minimum Design Loads Figure 208-2F Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 4B Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)Figure 208-2E Distribution of Active Faults in Region 5 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015,2-498 CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 6 Figure 208-2F Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 6 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (SEP)CHAPTER 2.» Mininuon Design Loads 2.4 Distribution of Active Faults in Region 7 Figure 208-2G Distribution of Active Faults in Region 7 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Edition, 20152.200 CHAPTER 2 - Minimum Design loads Distribution of Active Faults in Region 8 Figure 208-2H Distribution of Active Faults in Region 8 Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)2.201 CHAPTER 2 — Minimum Design Loads ‘National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7h Edition, 2015, (Tha) Cre PUTS ed TEST) ETN retro tang ul Sayouady puke syney aanoy yo uoNNquysiq Figure 208-21 Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 9 Figure 208-25 Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 9 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine, (ASEP)CHAPTER 2 — Mini Figure 208-2K Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 10 National Struotural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015,2-204 CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads ibution of Active Faults and Trench in Region 11 lr Figure 208.21. Distribution of Active Faults in Region 11 ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 2 Minimum Design Loads 2.205, Distribution of Active Faults and Trench Region 12 Figure 208-2M Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 12 National Structura! Code of the Philippines Volume f, 7th Edition, 2015a 2-208 CHAPTER 2 Minimum Design Loads. PY Gene nama CRU MCL Figure 208-2N Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in Region 13 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASE!208.4.4.3. Seismic Zone 4 Near-Source Factor In Seismic Zone 4, each site shall be assigned near-souree factors in accordance with Tables 208-5 and 208-6 based ‘on the Seismic Source Type as set forth in Section 208.4.4.2. For high rise structures and essential facilities within 2,0 km ofa major fault, a site specific seismic elastic design response spectrum is recommended to be obiained for the specific area CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads 2-207 4. The exceptions to Section 15.6.5 shall not apply, except for columns in one-storey buildings or columns: atthe top storey of multistorey buildings. 5. None of the following structural irregularities. is present: Type 1,4 or $ of Table 208-9, and Type | or 4 of Table 208-10. 2084.44 Seismic Response Coefficients Each structure shall be assigned a seismic coefficient, Ca in accordance with Table 208-7 and a seismic coefficient, Table 208-5 Near-Source Factor Ng ' Goo seconde va Table 208-8 ‘Table 208-7 Seismic Coefficient, Cy Soil Profile Seismic Zone Z Type Z=04 Sa 0.32N, Sa ‘O.40N, Se ‘0.40N, ‘Table 208-6 Near-Source Factor, Ny ' Sa O44 — Sr 0.44N, Seismic Closest Distance To Souree | ___Known Seismic Source? St Sew otnotel af Tablet 208% Type | =2km | Skm | 10km | S1Skm rn 20 16 1 1 10 Table 208-8 Seismic Coefficient, Cy B 16 12 [10 10 Soil Profile Seismic Zone Z c 10. 10 [10 10. ‘Type Z=02 Z=04 Notes for Tables 208.5 and 208.6: Sa 06 032Nr "The Near-Source Factor may be based on the linear 5; 0.20 ——.40N interpolation of values for distances other than those S 032 0.56 Shown in the table. Sp |. 0.40 DAN 5 0.64 0.96Nr 2 The closest distance t0 seismic source shall be taken £ 4s the minimum distance between the site and the area Se See Roccnote laf Tailes2085, described by the vertical projection of the source on the surface (ie., surface projection of fault plane). The surface projection need not include portions of the source at depths of 10 km or greater. The largest value of the Near-Source Factor considering all sources shall be used for design. ‘The value of Nq used to determine C, need not exceed 1.1 for structures complying with all the following conditions: 1. The soil profile type is $4, $n, S¢ Or Sp. 2 p= 10. 3. Except in single-storey structures, residential building accommodating 10 or fewer persons, private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural buildings, moment frame systems designated as part of the lateral-force- resisting. system shall be special moment-resisting frames. » Site-specific geotechnical investigation and dynamic site response analysis shall be performed to determine seismic coefficients 2084.8 Configuration Requirements Each structure shall be designated as being structurally regular or irregular in accordance with Sections 208.4.5.1 and 208.452 208.481 Regular Structures Regular structures have no significant physical discontinuities in plan or vertical configuration or in their Iateral-force-resisting systems such as the iregular features described in Section 208.4.5.2. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015,a 2.208 CHAPTER 2 Minimum Design Loads 208.4.5.2 Irregular Structures 1, Invegular structures have significant physical discontinuities in configuration or in theit lateral- force-resisting systems. Iregular features include, but are not limited to, those described in Tables 208-9 and 208-10, All structures in occupancy Categories 4 and 5S in Seismic Zone 2 need to be evaluated only for vertical imegularities of Type 5 (Table 208-9) and horizontal itregulaities of Type 1 (Table 208-10). 2. Structures having any of the features listed in Table 208-9 shall be designated as if having a vertical ieregulaity. Exception: Where no storey drift ratio under design lateral forces is ‘greater thar 1.3 tines the storey drift ratio of the storey labove, the structure may be deemed 10 not have the ‘iructural tregularties of Type 1 or 2 in Table 208-9. The siorey dif ratio for the top two stories need not be considered. The storey drifts for this determination may be calculated neglecting torsional effets. 3. Structures having any of the features listed in Table 208-10 shall be designated as having a plan irregularity. ‘Table 208-9 Vertical Structural Irregularities irregularity Type and Definition | Reference I, Stiffness Irregularity — Soft \- | Storey Ast sire is one in whi the tral nesses than 7056 | 708483 that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of the three stories above. 2 Weight (is) erly Mass irregularity shall_—-be Smee fo exit ete the ‘anve macs ofery storey sre | 708483 tan 130 ofthe ceive mar of araiacen sory. A tot tat ig han te Row low oe nut beconideed 3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered (0 exist where the horizontal dimension of the lateral- | 208.4.8.3, force-resisting system in any storey | Item 2 {is more than 130 % of that in an adjacent storey. One-storey “penthouses need not be considered. In-Plane Discontinuity In Vertical Lateral-Force-Resisting Element [rregularity 208.5.8.15, ‘An in-plane offset of the lateral- 1 Joad-resisting elements greater than the length of those elements, 3, Discontinuity In Capacity ~ ‘Weak Storey Irregularity ‘A weak storey is one in which the storey strength i less than 80 % of that in the storey above. The storey | 20849.1 strength is the total strength of all seismic-resisting elements sharing the storey for the direction under consideration. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)‘Table 208-10 Horizontal Structural lregularities Irregularity Type and Definition Torsional Irregularity - To Be Considered When Diaphragms Are Not Flexible Torsional irregularity shall be considered to exist when the maximum storey drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the storey drifts of the two ends ofthe structure, Reference 208.7.2.7 tem 6 Section Re-Entrant Corner irregularity Plan configurations of a structure and its ateralforce-resisting system contain re-entrant comers, where both projections of the structure beyond a re-entrant corner are greater than 15 % of the plan dimension of the structure in the given direction. 2087.27 lems 6 and7 Diaphragm Discontinuity Arregularity Diaphragms with abrupt. discontinuities or variations in stiffness, including those having cutout or open areas greater than 50 of the gross enclosed area of the diaphragm, or changes in effective diaphragm stiffness of more than SO % from one storey to the next. 2087.27 liom 6 ‘Out-OF- Plane Offsets Irregularity Discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-ofplane offsets of the vertical elements 2ORSES. 1 208.7.2.7 Item 6: ‘Non-parallel Systems Irregularity The vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force-resisting systems. 208.7.1 CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads 2-209 208.4.6 Structu Systems Structural systems shall be classified as one of the types, listed in Table 208-1 and defined in this section, 208.4. Bearing Wall System A structural system without a complete vertical load- carrying space frame. Bearing walls or bracing systems provide support for all or most gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames. 208.4.6.2 Building Frame System ‘A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames. 2084.63 ‘Moment-Resisting Frame System A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Moment resisting frames provide resistance to lateral load primatily by flexural action of members. 2084.64 Dual System A structural system with the following features: 1, An essentially complete space frame that provides ‘support for gravity loads. 2. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames and moment-resisting frames (SMRF, IMRF, MMRWE or steel OMRF). The moment- resisting frames shall be designed to independently. resist at least 25 percent of the design base shear. 3. The two systems shall be designed to resist the total design base shear in proportion (0 their relative rigidities considering the interaction of the dual system atall levels. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015rr 2.210 CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads 2084.65 Cantilevered Column System ‘A structural system relying on cantilevered column clements for lateral resistance 208.4.6.6 Undefined Structural System ‘A structural system not listed in Table 208-11 208.4.6.7_ Non-building Structural System A structural system conforming to Section 208.8. 2084.7 Height Limits Height limits for the various structural systems in Seismic Zone 4 are given in Table 208-11 Exception: Regular structures may exceed these limits by not more than 50 percent for unoccupied structures, which are not accessible o the general public. 2084.8 Selection of Lateral Force Procedure [Any structure may be, and certain structures defined below, shall be, designed using the dynamic lateral-force procedures of Section 208.5.3. 208.4.8.1 Simplified Static ‘The simplified static lateral-force procedure set forth in, Section 208,5.1.1 may be used for the following structures, of Occupancy Category IV of V: 1. Buildings of any occupancy (including single-family, dwellings) not more than three stories in height ‘excluding basements that use light-frame construction, 2. Other buildings not more than two stories in height ‘excluding basements. 208.4.8.2 Static ‘The static lateral force procedute of Section 208.5 may be ‘used for the following structures: 1. All structures, regular or imegular in Occupancy Categories IV and V in Seismic Zone 2. 2. Regular structures under 75 m in height with lateral force resistance provided by systems listed in Table 208-11, except where Section 2084.83, Item 4, applies. 3, Iimegulg structures not more than five stories or 20 m in eight. 4, Structures having a flexible upper portion supported ‘on a rigid lower portion where both portions of the structure considered separately can be classified as being regular, the average storey stiffness of the lower portion is at least 10 times the average storey stiftness fof the upper portion and the petiod of the entire structure is not greater than 1.1 times the period of the upper portion considered as a separate structure fixed a the base Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)2084.83 Dynamic ‘The dynamic lateral-force procedure of Section 208.5.3, shall be used for all other structures, including the following: 1. Structures 75 m or more in height, except as permitted, by Section 208.4.8.2, lem 1 2, Structures having a stiffness, weight or geometric vertical iregularty of Type 1, 2 or 3, as defined in Table 208-9, o structures having irregular features not described in Table 208-9 or 208-10, except as permitted by Section 208.4.10.3.1 3. Structures over five stories or 20 m in height in Seismic Zone 4 not having the same structural system ‘throughout their height except as permitted by Section 208.5.3.2 4. Structures, regular or irregular, located on Soil Profile ‘Type Sp, that have a period greater than 0.7 s, The analysis shall include the effects ofthe soils atthe site and shall conform to Section 208,5.3.2, Item 4. 2084.84 Alternative Procedures 208.4.8.4.1 General Alternative lateral-force procedures using rational analyses based on well-established principles of mechanics may be used in licu of those prescribed in these provisions. 208.4.8.4.2 Seismic Isolation Seismic isolation, energy dissipation and damping systems ‘may be used in the analysis and design of structures when approved by the building official and when special detailing is used to provide results equivalent to those ‘obtained by the use of conventional structural systems. CHAPTER 2 Minimum Design Loads 2-211 2084.9 System Limitations 208.49.1 Discontinuity Structures with a discontinuity in capacity, vertical irregularity Type 5 as defined in Table 208-9, shall not be lover two stories or 9 m in height where the weak storey has, a calculated strength of less than 65 % of te storey above. Exception: Where the weak storey is capable of resisting a total lateral seismic force of My times the design force prescribed in Section 208.5. 208.4.9.2 Undefined Structural Systems For undefined structural systems not listed in Table 208- 11, the coefficient R shall be substantiated by approved cyelic test data and analyses. The following items shall be addressed when establishing R: 1. Dynamic response characteristics, Lateral force resistance, Over-strength and strain hardening or softening, ‘Strength and stiffness degradation, Energy dissipation characteristics, ‘System ductility, and Redundancy. 2084.93 Irregul Features All structures having irregular features deseribed in Table 208-9 or 208-10 shall be designed to meet the additional requirements of those sections referenced in the tables. 208.4.10 Determination of Seismic Factors 208.4.10.1 Determination of 0, For specific elements of the structure, as specifically identified in this code, the minimum design strength shall be the product of the seismic force over-strength factor 1, and the design seismie forces set forth in Section 208.5. For both Allowable Stress Design and Strength Design, the Seismic Force Over-strength Factor, My, shall be taken from Table 208-11 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20152.212 CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads 208.4.10.2 Determination of R ‘The value for R shall be taken from Table 208-11. 208.4.10.3 Combinations of Structural Systems |Where combinations of structural systems are incorporated into the same structure, the requirements of this section shall be satistied, 208.4.10.3.1 Vertical Combinations ‘The value of R used in the design of any storey shall be less than of equal to the value of R used in the given direction for the storey above, Exception: ‘This requirement need not be applied oa storey where the dead weight above that storey is less than 10 percent of the total dead weight of the structure. Structures may be designed using the procedures of this, section under the following conditions: ‘The entire structure is designed using the lowest R of the lateral force-resisting systems used, of 1. The following two-stage static analysis procedures may be used for structures conforming to Section 208.4.8.2, lem 4. 1.1. The flexible upper portion shall be designed as @ separate structure, supported laterally by the rigid lower portion, using the appropriate values of R and p. 1.2 The rigid lower portion shall be designed as a separate structure using the appropriate values of R and p, The reactions from the upper portion shall be those determined from the analysis of the "upper portion amplified by the ratio of the (R/p) fof the upper portion over (R/p) of the lower portion 208.4.103.2 Com! yns along Different Axes In Seismic Zone 4 where a structure has @ bearing wall system in only one direction, the value of R used for design in the orthogonal direction shall not be greater than that used for the bearing wall system. ‘Any combination of bearing wall systems, building frame systems, dual ystems or moment-resisting frame systems may be used to resist seismic forees in structures less than 50 m in height, Only combinations of dual systems and special moment-ressting frames shall be used to resist seismic forces in structures exceeding SO m in height in, Seismic Zone 4. 208.4.10.3.3 Combinations along the Same Axis Where a combination of different structural systems is utilized to resist lateral forces in the same direction, the value of R used for design in that direction shall not be areater than the least value for any of the systems utilized in that same direction, 208.5 Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related Effects 2085.1 Simplified Statie Force Procedure Structures conforming to the requirements of Section 208.4.8.1 may be designed using this procedure. 2085.11 Simplified Design Base Shear ‘The total design base shear in a given direction shall be ddotermined from the following equation: (208-5) here the value of Cy shall be based on Table 208-7 forthe soil profile type. When the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine the soil profile type, Type Sp shall be used in Seismic Zone 4, and Type Sy shall be used in Seismic Zone 2. In Seismic Zone 4, the Neat- Source Factor, Ng, need not be greater than 1.2 if none of the following structural irregularities are present: 1. Type 1,4 or S of Table 208-9, or 2, Type | or 4 of Table 208-10. 208.5.1.2 Vertical Distribution ‘The forces at each level shall be calculated using the following equation: 3ly F,=w, (208-6) where the value of Cy shall be determined as in Section 208.5.1.1 ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine. (ASEP)2085.13 Horizontal Distribution of Shear “The design storey shear, V,, in any storey isthe sum of the forces F, and F, above that storey. V, shall be distributed to the various elements of the vertical lateral foree-resisting system in proportion to theit rigidities, considering the rigidity of the diaphragm. See Section 208.7.2.3 for rigid elements that are not intended to be part of the lateral force resisting systems, Where diaphragms are not flexible, the mass at each level, shall be assumed to be displaced from the calculated center, ‘of mass in each direction a distance equal to 5 percent of the building dimension at that level perpendicular to the direction of the force under consideration. The effect of this displacement on the storey shear distribution shall be considered. Diaphragms shall be considered flexible for the purposes of distribution of storey shear and torsional moment when the maximum lateral deformation ofthe diaphragm is more than two times the average storey drift of the associated storey. may be determined by comparing the computed midpoint in-plane deflection of the diaphragm itself under lateral load with the storey drift of adjoining vertical-resisting elements under equivalent tributary lateral load, 2085.14 Horizontal Torsional Moments Provisions shall be made for the increased shears resulting from horizontal torsion where diaphragms are not flexible. ‘The most severe load combination for each element shall be considered for design, ‘The torsional design moment at given storey shall be the ‘moment resulting from eccentricities between applied design lateral forces at levels above that storey and the vertical-resisting elements in that storey plus an accidental torsion ‘The accidental torsional moment shall be determined by assuming the mass is displaced as required by Section 2085.13. ‘Where torsional irregularity exists, a8 defined in Table 208-10, the effects shall be accounted for by increasing the accidental torsion at each level by an amplification factor, A, determined from the following equation: Snax 26, 2809) 2 Ae | (208-7) CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads 2.213 where Sayg = the average of the displacements at the extreme points of the structure at Level x, mm Bmax = the maximum displacement at Level x, mm ‘The value of A, need not exceed 3.0 2085.15 Overturning Every structure shall be designed to resist the overturning effects caused by earthquake forces specified in Section 208.5.2.3. At any level, the overturning moments to be resisted shall be determined using those seismic forces (F, and F,) that act on levels above the level under consideration. At any level, the incremental changes of the design overturning moment shall be distributed to the various resisting elements in the manner prescribed in Section 208.5.1:3. Overturning effects on every element shall be carried down to the foundation. See Sections 207.1 and 208.7 for combining gravity and seismic forces, 208.5.1.5.1 Elements Supporting Systems Discontinuous 2085.18.11 General Where any portion of the lateral load-resisting system is iscontinuous, such as for vertical irregularity Type 4 in Table 208-9 or plan irregularity Type 4 in Table 208-10, conerete, masonry, steel and wood clements supporting such discontinuous systems shall have the design strength to resist the combination loads resulting from the special seismic load combinations of Section 203.5. Exceptions: 1. The quantity Em in Section 208.6 need not exceed the ‘maximum force that can be transferred to the element by the lateral-force-resisting system. 2 Conerete slabs supporting light.frame wood shear wall systems or light.frame steel and wood structural panel shear wall systems. For Allowable Stress Design, the design strength may be determined using an allowable stress increase of 1.7 and a resistance factor, ¢, of 1.0. This increase shall not be combined with the one- third stress inerease permitted by Section 203.4, but may be combined with the duration of load increase permitted in Section 615.3.4. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20152-214 CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads 208.5.1.5.1.1.2 Detailing requirements in Seismic Zone 4 In Seismic Zone 4, elements supporting discontinuous systems shall meet the following detailing or member limitations: 1, Reinforced conerete or reinforced masonry elements designed primarily as axial-load_members shall ‘comply with Section 421.4.4.5. 2. Reinforced concrete elements designed primarily as flexural members and supporting other than light frame wood shear wall system or light-frame stee! and ‘wood structural panel shear wall systems shall comply with Seotions 42132 and 4213.3, Strength computations for portions of slabs designed as supporting elements shall include only those portions cof the slab that comply with the requirements of these sections. 3. Masonry elements designed primarily as axial-load carrying members shall comply with Sections 706.1.12.4, Item 1, and 708.2.6.2.6. 4, Masonry elements designed primarily as flexural members shall comply with Section 708.2.6.2,5. 5. Steel elements designed prim members shall comply with Si 515.43. ily as_axial-load ss 515.4.2 and 6. Steel elements designed primarily as flexural members ‘or trusses shall have bracing for both top and bottom beam flanges or chords at the location of the support of the discontinuous system and shall comply with the requirements of Section $15.6.1.3. 7. Wood elements designed primarily as flexural ‘members shall be provided with lateral bracing or solid blocking at each end of the element and at the ‘connection location(s) of the discontinuous system. 208.5.1.5.2 At Foundation See Sections 208.4.1 and 308.4 for overturning moments to be resisted at the foundation sol interface. 208.5.1.6 Applicability Sections 208.6.2, 208.6.3, 208.5.2.1, 208.5.2.2, 208,5.2.3, 208.6.4,208.6.5 and 208.5.3 shall not apply when using the simplified procedure, Exception: For buildings with relatively flexible structural systems, the building official may require consideration of PA effects and drift in accordance with Sections 208.63, 208.64 and 208.6.5. bg shall be determined using design seismic forces from Section 208.5.1.1 Where used, By shall be taken equal to 0.01 times the storey height of all stories. In Section 208.7.2.7, Equation 208-22 shall read Fpy = “CW. and need not R exceed C,Wpx, but shall not be less than 0. 5CaWpx-R and Q, shall be taken from Table 208-11 2085.2 Static Force Procedure 2085.21 Design Base Shear ‘The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined from the following equation: Gl Gt 208-1 v=aew (208-8) ‘The total design base shear need not exceed the following: (208-9) ‘The total design base shear shall not be less than the following: v= 116 IW (208-10) In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than the following: SENT, 208-11) Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)2085.22 Structure Period ‘The value of T shall be determined from one of the following methods: 1. Method A: For all buildings, the value T may be approximated from the following equation: T= C(h,)?* (208-12) where CG, = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames C= 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment- resisting frames and eccentrically braced frames C_ = 0.0488 for al other buildings Alternatively, the value of Ge for structures with conerete for masonry shear walls may be taken as 0.0743//A,. ‘The value of A, shall be determined from the following equation: Ac = YAdl0.2+ De/hg}7] (208-13) ‘The value of De/hy used in Equation 208-13 shall not exceed 0.9, 2. Method B: The fundamental period T may be calculated using the structural properties and deformational characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis. ‘The analysis shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 208.6.2. ‘The value of T from Method B shall not exceed a value 30 percent greater than the value of T ‘obtained from Method A in Seismic Zone 4, and 40 percent in Seismic Zone 2. ‘The fundamental period T may be computed by using the following equation: (208-14) ‘The values of f, represent any lateral force distributed approximately in accordance with the principles of Equations. 208-15, 208-16 and 208-17 or any other rational CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads 2-216 distribution. The elastic deflections, 6}, shall be calculated using the applied lateral forces, fy, 2085.23 Vertical Distribution of Force The total forve shall be distributed over the height of the structure in conformance with Equations 208-15, 208-16 and 208-17 in the absence of a more rigorous procedure. (208-15) ‘The concentrated force F; at the top, which is in addition to Fp, shall be determined from the equation: F, =0.077V (208-16) The value of used for the purpose of calculating F; shail be the period that corresponds with the design base shear 1s computed using Equation 208-4. F, need not exceed 0.25V and may be considered as zero where T is 0.7 s or less. The remaining portion of the base shear shall be distributed over the height ofthe structure, including Level 1, according to the following equation: (WV Fywehy pp =U Fchs 208-17 Tha wihy eos) ‘At each level designated asx, the force F, shall be applied over the area of the building in accordance with the mass distribution at that level. Structural displacements and ‘design seismic forces shall be calculated as the effect of forces F and F, applied atthe appropriate levels above the base 2085.3 Dynamic Analysis Procedures 208.53.1 General Dynamic analyses procedures, when used, shall conform to the criteria established inthis section. The analysis shall be based on an appropriate ground motion representation and. shall be performed using accepted principles of dynamics. ‘Structures that are designed in accordance with this section shall comply with all other applicable requirements. of these provisions, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 20152-216 CHAPTER 2— Minimum Design Loads 2085.3.2 Ground Motion 4, ‘The ground motion representation shall, as a minimum, be ‘one having a 10-percent probability of being exceeded in 50 years, shall not be reduced by the quantity R and may be one of the following: 1. An elastic design response spectrum constructed in accordance with Figure 208-3, using the values of Cy and Cy consistent with the specific site. The design acceleration ordinates shall be multiplied by the acceleration of gravity, 9.815 m/sec’ 5 2. Assite-specific elastic design response spectrum based. fon the geologic, tectonic, seismologic and soil characteristics associated with the specific site. The spectrum shall be developed for a damping ratio of 0.08, unless a different value is shown to be consistent with the anticipated structural behavior atthe intensity of shaking established for the site. 3. Ground motion time histories developed for the specific: site shall be representative of actual earthquake motions. Response spectra from time histories, either individually or in combination, shall approximate the site design spectrum conforming to Section 208,5.3.2, Item 2. For structures on Soil Profile Type Sp, the following requirements shall apply when required by Section 208.4.8.3, Item 4: 4.1 The ground motion representation shall be developed in accordance with Items 2 and 3, 4.2. Possible amplification of building response due to the effects of soil-structure interaction and lengthening of building period caused by inelastic ‘behavior shall be considered. ‘The vertical component of ground motion may be defined by scaling corresponding horizontal accelerations by a factor of two- thirds. Alternative factors may be used when substantiated by site- specilie data, Where the Near-Source Factor, Nq, is ‘greater than 1.0, site-specific vertical response spectra shall be used in lieu of the factor of two-thirds, 2.5Cs @s) Control Periods T, = G/2SC, ©. ° 0 02 1 2 3 4 5 TofTs Period (17s) Figure 208-3 Design Response Spectra Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)2085.33 Mathematical Model A mathematical model of the physical structure shalt represent the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure to an extent that is adequate for the calculation of the significant features of its dynamic response. three-dimensional model shall be used for the dynamic analysis of structures with highly irregular plan configurations such as those having a plan irregularity defined in Table 208-10 and having a rigid or semi-rigid diaphragm. The stiffness properties used in the analysis and general mathematical modeting shall be in accordance with Section 208.6.2 208. A Description of Analysis Procedures 208.5.3.4.1 Response Spectrum Analysis Anelastic dynamic analysis ofa structure utilizing the peak dynamic response of all modes having a_ significant contribution to total structural response. Peak modal responses are calculated using the ordinates of the appropriate response spectrum curve which correspond to the modal periods, Maximum modal contributions are ‘combined in a statistical manner to obtain an approximate {otal structural response. 208.5.34.2 Time History Analysis ‘An analysis of the dynamic response of a structure at each increment of time when the base is subjected to a specific round motion time history 2085.35 Response Spectrum Analysi 208. 5.1 Response Spectrum Representation and Interpretation of Results ‘The ground motion representation shall be in accordance with Section 208.5.3.2. The corresponding response parameters, including forces, moments and displacements, shall be denoted as Elastic Response Parameters, Elastic Response Parameters may be reduced in accordance with Section 208.5.3.5.4 The base shear for a given direction, determined using dynamic analysis must not be less than the value obtained by the equivalent lateral force method of Section 208.5.2 In this case, all corresponding response parameters are ‘The requirement of Section 208.5.3.4.1 that all significant ‘modes be included may be satisfied by demonstrating that, CHAPTER 2 — Minimum Design Loads 2.917 for the modes considered, at least 90 percent of the participating mass of the ‘structure is included in the calculation of response for cach principal horizontal direction 208.53.53 Combining Modes ‘The peak member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions for each mode shall be combined by recognized methods. When three dimensional models are usec! for analysis, modal interaction effects shall be considered when combining ‘modal maxima, 208. Reduction of Elastic Response Parameters for Design lastic Response Parameters may be reduced for purposes of design in accordance withthe following items, with the limitation that in no case shall the Elastic) Response Parameters be reduced such that the corresponding design base shear is less than the Elastic Response Base Shear divided by the value of R 1. For all regular structures where the ground motion representation complies with Section 208.5.3.2, Item 1, Elastic Response Parameters may be reduced such that the corresponding design base shear is not less than 90 percent of the base shear determined in accordance with Section 208.5.2. 2. For all regular structures where the ground motion representation complies with Section 208.5.3.2, Item 2, Elastic Response Parameters may be reduced such that the corresponding design base shear is not less than 80 percent of the base shear determined in accordance with Section 208.5.2 3. For all irregular structures, regardless of the ground motion representation, Elastic Response Parameters ‘may be reduced such that the corresponding design base shear is not less than 100 percent ofthe base shear determined in accordance with Section 28.5.2 ‘The corresponding reduced design seismic forces shall be used for design in accordance with Section 203. 2085.35.58 Directional Effects Directional effects for horizontal ground motion shall conform to the requirements of Section 208.6. The effects, of vertical ground motions on horizontal cantilevers and pre-stressed elements shall be considered in accordance with Section 208.6. Alternately, vertical seismic response may be determined by dynamic response methods; in no National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 20752.218 CHAPTER 2~ Minimum Design Loads ‘case shall the response used for design be less than that ‘obtained by the static method. 2085.3.5.6 Torsion ‘The analysis shall account for torsional effects, including accidental torsional effects as prescribed in Section 208.5.1.4. Where three-dimensional models are used for ‘analysis, effects of accidental (orsion shall be aceounted for bby appropriate adjustments in the model such as adjustment of mass locations, or by equivalent static procedures such as provided in Section 208.5.1.3. 208. 5.7 Dual Systems Where the lateral forces are resisted by a dual system as defined in Section 208.4.6.4, the combined system shall be capable of resisting the base shear determined in accordance with this section. The moment-resisting frame shail conform to Section 208.4.6.4, Item 2, and may be analyzed using either the procedures of Section 208.5.2.3, ‘or those of Section 208.5.3.5. 208.5.3.6 Time History Analysis 208.5:3.6.1 Time History ‘Time-history analysis shall be performed with pairs of appropiate horizontal ground-motion time history ‘components that shall be selected and scaled from not less than three recorded events. Appropriate time histories shall have magnitudes, fault distances and source mechanisms that are consistent with those that control the design-basis| earthquake (or maximum capable earthquake). Where three appropriate recorded ground-motion time-history pairs are not available, appropriate simulated ground ‘motion time-history pairs may be used to make up the total number required. For each pair of horizontal ground- motion components, the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) of the 5 percent-damped site-specific spectrum of the scaled horizontal components shall be constructed, The motions shall be scaled such that the average value of the SRSS spectra does not fall below 1.4 times the 5 percent-damped spectrum of the design-basis earthquake for periods from 0.27 second to 1. ST seconds. Each pair of time histories shall be applied simultaneously to the model considering torsional effects. ‘The parameter of interest shall be calculated for each time- history analysis. If three time-history analyses are performed, then the maximum response of the parameter of interest shall be used for design. If seven or more time- history analyses are performed, then the average value of the response parameter of interest may be used for design 208.5.3.6.2 Elastic Time History Analysis Elastic time history shall conform to Sections 208.5.3.1, 208.5.3.2, 2085.33, 2085352, 2085.3.54, 208.653'5.5, 2086.53.5.6, 208.5.3.5.7 and 208.5.3.6.1 ‘and 208.6.6.1. Response parameters from elastic time- history analysis. shall be denoted as Elastic Response Parameters. All elements shall be designed using Strength Design. Elastic Response Parameters may be scaled in accordance with Section 208.5.3.5.4. 208.5.3.6.3 Nonlinear Time History Analysis, 208.5.3.63.1 Nonlinear Time History ‘Nonlinear time history analysis shall meet the requirements of Section 208.48.4, and time histories shall be developed and results determined in accordance with the requirements of Section 208.5.3.6.1. Capacities and characteristics of nonlinear elements shall be modeled consistent with test data or substantiated analysis, considering the Importance Factor. The maximum inelastic response displacement shall net be reduced and shall comply with Section 208.6. 208.53.63.2 Design Review When nonlinear time-history analysis is used 10 justify a structural design, a design review of the lateral- force- resisting system shall be performed by an independent engineering team, including persons. licensed in the appropriate disciplines and experienced in seismic analysis methods, The lateral-foree-esistng system design review shall include, but not be limited to, the following: 1, Reviewing the development of site-specific spectra ‘and ground-motion time histories. 2. Reviewing the preliminary design ofthe lateral-foree- resisting system, 3. Reviewing the final design of the lateral-force- resisting system and all supporting analyses. “The engineer-of-record shall submit with the plans and calculations a statement by all members ofthe engineering, team doing the review stating that the above review has been performed. Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)