How to calculate materials for different-ratio concrete
Stone chips
Mix design is commonly referred by mix proportion in a selective zone where same
materials are used in concrete. Suppose, in Bangladesh, most of the structural
designers refer concrete mix design as ratio in drawing. Because materials of same
properties are used in all over the Bangladesh.
The question is,
How do we estimate materials for different ratio concrete?
The most common ratio referred here in Bangladesh for column concrete 1:1.5:3 and for
slab 1:2:4. When we mix cement, sand and stone chips at 1:1.5:3 ratios, the concrete
strength of 28 days cube test's result come around 3500 psi. If we mix cement, sand and
brick chips at 1:2:4 ratios the 28 days cube test result will come around 3000 psi, which
is referred for slab concrete.
I will estimate materials for 1:1.5:3 ratio concrete. After learning this process you will be
able to estimate materials for any concrete ratio.
Now lets estimate the required materials for the volume of 100 cft concrete of 1:1.5:3
ratio:
Wet volume of concrete = 100 cft.
Dry volume of concrete= 100 x 1.54 = 154 cft.
Sum of ratio 1:1.5:3, 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5.
So, Cement content in concrete = (154/5.5) x 1=28 cft.
Sand content= (154 / 5.5) x 1.5 = 42 cft.
Stone chips = (154/5.5) x 3 = 84 cft.
As we know, Cement is available as 50 kg bag in the market. The volume of 50 kg
cement bag is 1.25 cft. So the required cement is 28 divided by 1.25 equal to 22.4 bag.
Summary:
Cement : 22.4 bag,
Sand : 42 cft,
Stone chips: 84 cft.
In this estimation, we use cubic feet as our concrete unit. If you want to use cubic meter,
same method can be applied. But that will be time-consuming. The easiest way to
estimate concrete materials for different unit is, apply the above result as percentage.
That means, Cement content for 100 unit of 1:1.5:3 ratio concrete is 28% (unit will be as
concrete unit), Sand is 42% and Stone chips is 84%.
Now lets calculate the water content of concrete. Suppose, water-cement ratio for
concrete is specified 0.45. That means, water/cement = 0.45, or W/C = 0.45.
for 1 bag cement, water is, = 0.45 x 1.25 (as we know, 1 bag cement equal to 1.25 cft),
Water = 0.5625 cft.
We know 1 cubic feet water is equal to 28.31685 litre,
So we can write, water = 0.5625 x 28.31685 = 15.92 litre, say, 16 litre.
So One bag cement needs 16 liter of water for 0.45 W/C ratio.
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How to calculate cement & sand for plastering in any
specific area in BANGLADESH ? plz show in details
Area to be plastered = 10'*10' = 100'
= 100/10.76 = 9.29sqm
(ie; 1 sqm = 10.76 sqft)
Thickness of mortar layer = 10mm = 0.010m
Volume of mortar required = 9.29*0.010 = 0.09cum
Add 15% for allallowance for calculation of surface and
wastages = (15/100)*.09 = 0.013 cum
Therefore, total volume of mortar required = .09+0.013 =
0.103 cum, say 0.10cum
Sand required for 0.10cum of CM 1:5 = 0.10 cum
Cement required for 0.10 cum of CM 1:5 = (1440/5)*0.10
= 288*0.10 = 28.8 kg
(ie; 1 cum of cement weighs 1440 kg)
In cft:
Area to be plastered= 10’*10’=100 sft
Thickness of mortar layer = .5”
Volume of mortar required = 100* (0.5/12) = 4.16 cft
Add 15% for allallowance for calculation of surface and
wastages = 4.16*15% = 0.625 cft
Therefore, total volume of mortar required = 4.1667 +0.625 = 4.79 cft
Dry volume of concrete= 4.79 * 1.54= 7.38 cft
CM 1:5
Sand required for 4.79 cft of = 4.79 * (5/6) = 6.15 cft
Cement required for 0.10 cum of CM 1:5 = 4.79 * (1/6) = 1.23 cft =1.23 1.25 =1 bag
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How to estimate rod for rcc work
The formula of calculating the steel weight is d^2/162
d is the diameter of bar
so if you have a bar which is having 10mm dia the weight of steel rod per metre will
be .617kg per metre
Density (rho) of steel. 7850 kg/m3
Today we will see how to prepare rate analysis for
Reinforced Concrete (RCC) work. First step to rate
analysis is the estimation of labour, materials,
equipments and miscellaneous items for particular
quantity of reinforced concrete.
The second step is to determine the component of structure for which the RCC rate
analysis is required, as the quantity of reinforcement steel varies with slabs, beams,
columns, foundation, RCC Roads etc., though the quantity of other materials like sand,
coarse aggregate and cement remain the same with the same mix design (mix
proportion) of concrete. Labour rates for reinforcement work changes with type of
structural component as the quantity of reinforcement steel changes. The Quantity of
materials like sand, cement and coarse aggregates vary with mix design such as M15
(1:2:4), M20 (1:1.5:3), M25, M30 etc..
Here we will see the rate analysis for 1m3 of reinforced concrete.
Data required for RCC Rate Analysis:
1. Estimation of materials:
Material estimation include sand, cement, coarse aggregate and steel for
a particular mix design. Let us consider a mix design of 1:1.5:3 for our
estimation practice. The dry volume of total materials required is
considered as 1.54 times the wet volume of concrete, due to voids
present in sand and aggregates in dry stage. Therefore, for our
calculation, we will consider the total volume of materials required as 1.54
m3 for 1 m3of wet concrete.
a) Bags of cement required:
Volume of cement required for 1 of Concrete =
= = 0.28
Then number of bags of cement (volume of one bag of cement =
0.0347 )
= = 8.07 bags of cement.
b) Volume of Sand required:
Volume of sand required = = 0.42 m3 of sand.
c) Volume of Coarse Aggregate Required:
Volume of Coarse Aggregate = = 0.84 m3 of coarse aggregates.
d) Estimation of Reinforced Steel:
Quantity of steel required depends on components of structure, i.e. slabs,
beams, columns, foundations, roads etc. To estimate the steel required,
there are two methods.
First method is, when we have the drawing available, we can calculate the
total weight of steel required divided by total volume of concrete for
different components. This will give us the weight of reinforcement steel
per cubic meter of concrete.
Second method is assuming the percentage of reinforcement for different
components. Following are the percentage of reinforcement steel
generally required per different components. Its values can vary from
structure to structure, and can be assumed from past experiences of
similar structure.
• For slabs = 1.0 % of concrete volume.
• For Beam = 2 % concrete volume.
• For column = 2.5 % of concrete volume.
• For RCC Roads, 0.6% concrete volume.
Lets take example of RCC Column, where reinforcement required is 2.5%
of concrete volume, weight of steel required will be:
= =196.25 kg.
2. Labour Requirement for 1m3 of RCC:
Labours required are presented in terms of days required by particular
labour to complete its work for the given quantity of concrete. Following
are the various labours required:
a) Mason: As per Standard Schedule of Rates and Analysis of Rates, One
mason is required for 0.37 days.
b) Labours: One Unskilled labours required for 3.5 days.
c) Water carrier: One water carrier required for 1.39 days.
d) Bar Bender: Bar bender requirement depends on weight of
reinforcement. Lets consider one bar bender required for 100 kg of steel
as for 1 day.
e) Mixer Operator: One mixer operator required for 0.0714 days.
f) Vibrator Operator: One vibrator operator required for 0.0714 days.
3. Equipments and sundries:
Equipment and other charges, such as water charges, miscellaneous
items, tools and tackles etc can be assumed as some percentage of total
cost of materials and labours. Lets say it as 7.5%.
4. Contractor’s Profit:
Contractor’s profit depends on place to place, organization to organization
and work to work. It varies from 10 – 20%. For our case lets assume it as
15% of total cost of materials, labours and equipments.
We have calculated the quantity of every item in above 1 – 3 steps. For
rate analysis of RCC, we need to multiply each quantity with their rates to
get the amount for every item of work. Rates vary from place to place
and time to time. It is advisable to assume local rates or standard rates of
the place.
Important note:
1 Kg/m3 = 0.0283168 Kg/ft3
3
7850 Kg/m3 = 222.2872 Kg/
