HRM 124
(Professional development and Applied ethics)
Technique in
professional
development stage
V
Intellectual attributes of
Personality
These intellectual traits include intellectual integrity,
independence, perseverance, empathy, humility, courage,
confidence in reason and fair-mindedness
Intellectual integrity – This trait requires that the standards that
guide actions and thoughts need to be the same standards by
which others are evaluated
Intellectual autonomy – This trait requires an individual to use
critical thinking tools, such as the Paul-Elder model, and to trust
their own ability to reason critically.
Intellectual perseverance – The tag phase for this trait is
"never give up" and encourages individuals to work through any
difficulties.
Intellectual empathy – An individual achieves intellectual
empathy when they actively put themselves in someone else’s
shoes in terms of how they think and feel.
Intellectual humility – Individuals exhibiting intellectual
humility accept they are human and that they do not know
everything
intellectual courage stand up for their beliefs and the
conclusions they have fully thought through, especially when it
is difficult to do so.
Confidence in reason Utilizing the elements of thought and the
standards will lead to confidence in reason and fair-mindedness
and requires individuals to look at all of the evidence and
relevant points of views and arrive at conclusions that embodies
the intellectual traits.
Types of intelligence
1. Logical-mathematical intelligence
2. Linguistic intelligence
3. Spatial Intelligence
4. Musical Intelligence
5. Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence
7. Interpersonal Intelligence
8. Naturalistic intelligence
Factors affecting intelligent
behavior
Intelligence is also strongly influenced by the environment.
Factors related to a child’s home environment and parenting,
education and availability of learning resources, and nutrition,
among others, all contribute to intelligence. A person’s
environment and genes influence each other, and it can be
challenging to tease apart the effects of the environment from
those of genetics. For example, if a child’s IQ is similar to that
of his or her parents, is that similarity due to genetic factors
passed down from parent to child, to shared environmental
factors, or (most likely) to a combination of both? It is clear
that both environmental and genetic factors play a part in
determining intelligence.
Ways to make effective decision
making
Decision making techniques
Effective decision-making techniques help you get through
several stages of the decision-making process effectively. That
means providing sound solutions based on your information
gathering and evaluating those solutions well and fairly.
•Affinity diagrams are used for grouping data based on their
relationship to each other. The purpose of this technique is to
help you make sense of a lot of information.
• Cost /benefit analysis is a methodical process of approximating
the pros and cons of decisions to achieve the most cost-effective
result.
• Heuristic methods problem-solve by creating estimates and
‘good enough’ decisions. It’s a flexible way of making a decision
quickly, but isn’t as detailed as other decision-making models,
but works in certain circumstances.
• Trial and error are the least analytical method of decision
making and is fairly uncommon in business, although more likely
to occur peoples’ personal life. Essentially, you try something
and if it does not work you try something else until it does for
example if your plan A failed you have to try your plan B
decision-making models but works in certain circumstances.
• Multiple criteria decision analysis, or MCDA, is often the
preferred technique for complex decision making. MCDA
divides the problem into sub-problems, making it easier for
analysis and achieving a meaningful solution.
• Multi-voting is best used alongside brainstorming or
affinity diagrams and is ideal when group decision making is
required. The team will vote on the ideas generated to deliver
group consensus.
• Trial and error are the least analytical method of decision
making and is fairly uncommon in business, although more
likely to occur peoples’ personal life. Essentially, you try
something and if it does not work you try something else until
it does
What are the 3 types of decision making?
• There are three decision Making the First is the Business
decision making, business decision-making process is a
step-by-step process allowing professionals to solve
problems by weighing evidence, examining alternatives,
and choosing a path from there.
• The second is Personal Decision Making this focus on how
to develop individual abilities to assess decisions affecting
their lives and to make life choices consistent with needs
and beliefs.
• The Third is consumer decision making consumers become
aware of identifying their needs.
7 STEPS TO EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING
Decision making is the process of making choices by
identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing
alternative resolutions.
Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you
make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing
relevant information and defining alternatives. This approach
increases the chances that you will choose the most satisfying
alternative possible
Step 1: Identify the decision You realize that you need to decide.
Try to clearly do the nature of the decision you must make.
This ¬first step is very important.
Step 2: Gather relevant information Collect some pertinent
information before you make your decision: what information
is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it.
This step involves both internal and external “work.” Some
information is internal: you’ll seek it through a process of
self-assessment. Other information is external: you’ll ¬find it
online, in books, from other people, and from other sources.
Step 3: Identify the alternatives as you collect information, you
will probably identify several possible paths of action, or
alternatives. You can also use your imagination and additional
information to construct new alternatives. In this step, you will
list all possible and desirable alternatives.
Step 4: Weigh the evidence Draw on your information and
emotions to imagine what it would be like if you carried out
each of the alternatives to the end. Evaluate whether the need
identified in Step 1 would be met or resolved using each
alternative. As you go through this difficult internal process,
you’ll begin to favor certain alternatives: those that seem to
have a higher potential for reaching your goal. Finally, place
the alternatives in a priority order, based upon your own value
system.
Step 5: Choose among alternatives Once you have weighed
all the evidence, you are ready to select the alternative that
seems to be the best one for you. You may even choose a
combination of alternatives. Your choice in Step 5 may very
likely be the same or like the alternative you placed at the top
of your list at the end of Step 4.
Step 6: Take action You’re now ready to take some positive
action by beginning to implement the alternative you chose in
Step 5.
Step 7: Review your decision & its consequences in this
¬final step, consider the results of your decision and evaluate
whether it has resolved the need you identified in Step 1. If the
decision has not met the identified need, you may want to
repeat certain steps of the process to make a new decision. For
example, you might want to gather more detailed or somewhat
different information or explore additional alternatives.
Interpersonal Relationship
The concept of interpersonal relationship involves social
associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more
people. Interpersonal relationships vary in their degree of
intimacy or self-disclosure, but also in their duration, in their
reciprocity and in their power distribution, to name only a few
dimensions.
References
• HTTPS://WWW.FUTURELEARN.COM/INFO/BLOG/EFF
ECTIVE-DECISION-MAKING-AT-HOME-AND-AT-WOR
K#THE%203%20TYPES%20OF%20DECISION-MAKIN
G
• HTTPS://WWW.UMASSD.EDU/MEDIA/UMASSDARTMO
UTH/FYCM/DECISION_MAKING_PROCESS.PDF
• https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QyHGggA2yb4
• https://www.google.com/search?q=interpersonal+relation
ship&prmd=ibnv&source=lnms&tbm=isch&biw=360&bi
h=592
• https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QyHGggA2yb4
• https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-multipl
e-intelligences-2795161
