Saint Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
GRADUATE SCHOOL
SUBJECT: MAN201A: GLOBAL CONTEXT AND GLOBAL INITIATIVES IN NURSING
Instructions: A. Answer the following questions, write your answers in the box provided.
B. Turn in it through MS teams before the document closes, make sure you pass before the
allotted time
C.
Name: Course: MSN
CHRISTOPHER-IAN D. GONZALES
1. Based from the lecture and your readings, What is Globalization and its Impact in the Nursing
Profession. (5 points)
Globalization is a that connects nations, trades and people by financial dev’t,
communications changes, cultural transformations and travels. Globalization, which is
characterized by transnational integration and expansion of political, economic, and socio-cultural
values, has great impact on nursing and nursing education. Nurses collectively form the largest
component of the health workforce and they play an important role in the realization of culturally
and linguistically appropriate health services through providing individualized, holistic care to
clients while supporting their cultural and linguistic needs.
2. Health is influenced by many factors which may generally into broad categories. Give the five
determinants of health and explain its significance to global health (20 points)
1.GENETICS
Because family history is often one of the strongest risk factors for common disease complexes, a
person inherits a complete set of genes from each parent, as well as a vast array of cultural and
socioeconomic experiences from his/her family. Family history is thought to be a good predictor of an
individual’s disease risk because family members most closely represent the unique genomic and
environmental interactions that an individual experiences Inherited genetic variation within families
clearly contributes both directly and indirectly to the pathogenesis of disease.
2.BEHAVIOR
Behavior is affecting globalizations because of different beliefs and culture of different group of
people in the world, also vices of different persons and not following health protocols and
restrictions, it has long been recognized that specific behaviors are associated with increased risk of
specific diseases and related conditions. For example, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, inadequate
physical activity, some sexual practices, and going to a places or meeting someone from high cases of
covid areas.
3.ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHYSICAL INFLUENCES
Poor health outcomes are often made worse by the interaction between individuals and their social and
physical environment, like availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job
opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination,
Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash, Social support and
social interactions, Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell
phones, conditions, such as concentrated poverty, Quality schools, Public safety, Residential
segregation.
4.MEDICAL CARE AND SOCIAL FACTORS
Social factors are one key affecting the delivery of health care system, example in low-income earners they can’t
afford to go to hospital to get some medical attention because the income that they earning is enough only for
food and cost for living. Our health is influenced by so many factors beyond health care. Health care accounts for
only 10%-20% of what makes us healthy. In addition to genetics and lifestyle choices, many social factors
interact to determine the health of an individual and community. Together, social factors that influence our health
(income, education, social connections, and housing) account for up to 40% of what keeps us healthy.
5.HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION
Its important because like this pandemic situation happening right now, we need to upgrade our
health services, strengthening health systems means addressing key constraints that might limit the
performance of the health system where performance includes accessibility, utilization, quality, or
efficiency of health services. These properties of health services are of particular interest to health
services researchers, who bring valuable conceptual and methodological expertise to the study of
these issues. Given the current substantial attention to health systems within the field of global
health, the need for rigorous health services research is paramount.
3. Explain why these trends are influential in the Nursing Profession and all areas pertaining to
Nursing Practice, Nursing Education and Nursing Research (20 points)
As COVID-19 causes the health care landscape to shift further and the physician shortage grows
steeper, nurses need to know the following trends in nursing like telehealth and privacy concerns, e.g.
using of covid coda, and tele consultation this is new trend, To be responsive to the evolving health-
related needs of the public, the boundaries of the scope of nursing practice must be flexible. Nursing
practice takes place in the context of continuing change and development resulting from advances in
research and technology, new approaches to care delivery, and a greater variety of practitioners
sharing more areas of common ability. The dynamic nature of the health care environment requires
that nurses respond to client’s needs by continually expanding their knowledge and skills and making
judgments about the limits of their practice. The overall scope of nursing practice refers to the outer
limits or boundaries for the profession and everything therein. The actual scope of practice of
individual nurses is always narrower than that of the scope of the nursing profession as a whole. The
scope of practice of the individual nurse is influenced by the nurses’ knowledge, practice setting,
employer requirements, and client needs. It is often described in job descriptions and/or illustrated in
practice settings as competencies.
a. Develop sustainable public/private partnerships focused on applying innovative technologies.
The term ‘public-private partnership’ (PPP) describes a relationship in which public and private
resources are blended to achieve a goal or set of goals judged to be mutually beneficial both to
the private entity and to the public. The term has gained prominence as its importance has
become more significant over Time. PPPs can improve urban living through collaborations that
combine innovative efforts from the private sector, forward-thinking policies from governments,
and support from nonprofit organizations. This is still true: today’s cities too can be transformed
by forging PPPs that encourage new ways of doing things. What makes the current situation
different from that of the past is that information and communication technologies (ICT) are
reinforcing and expanding these PPPs beyond all previous limitations and boundaries. PPPs that
incorporate in innovative and creative ways, the deployment and use of ICT have the power to
improve the services that matter most to city residents: education, transportation, economic
development, public safety, healthcare, and social services. Rather than simply cut back on these
services in the face of budget deficits, governments can work with private corporations to
transform the way such services are delivered by using ICT through initiatives such as e-
government, remote healthcare, and intelligent transport. PPPs in the field of technological
innovation are essential for the competitiveness of regions and individual countries, and various
regions are making moves to identify the best use of PPPs in this respect. The European
Commission, for instance, is building up a specific legal framework to facilitate the creation of
PPPs and ensure that risks and responsibilities are shared.The intent is to guarantee access to
finance through grants, public procurement, or investment.
b. Nursing faculty positions will become more active.
nurses must be prepared to meet diverse patients’ needs, function as leaders; and advance
science that benefits patients and the capacity of health professionals to deliver safe, quality
patient care. At the same time, nursing education needs to be transformed in a number of
ways to prepare nursing graduates to work collaboratively and effectively with other health
professionals in a complex and evolving health care system in a variety of settings. Entry-level
nurses, and now also is focusing more on telehealth because its pandemic so teleconsultation
is most use by the hospital in these days. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education
and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic
progression. stressing the need to increase significantly the numbers and preparation of nurse
faculty and researchers at the doctoral level. the challenge of underrepresentation of racial
and ethnic minority groups and men in the nursing profession and argues that meeting this
challenge will require increasing the diversity of the nursing student body.
c. Nurses are retiring later.
preferred to work beyond retirement age because of certain reasons such as dedication,
benefaction, satisfaction and necessity. Nurses working beyond retirement age agreed that it
will help boost their physical, emotional and social capabilities. The study revealed that
nurses working beyond retirement age are still capable of doing their duties and
responsibilities within their limitations. Moreover, Nurses work beyond retirement age
because it gives them both the opportunity to continue utilize their professional skills and the
opportunity to continue their professional commitment in helping improve the lives of other
people. Lastly, the respondents disagreed that incidence of work-related injuries was
encountered due to the fact that retired nurses are physically fit and healthy. But these days
more of the nurses are wants to retire early because of the pandemic and Afraid to be
infected and exhaustions in work places, salary increases are rare.
4. Through the devolution of health in the Philippines, services were more accessible to people
in the community. In the midst of globalization, our country adapts to the fast-changing
trends and issues in the Profession. Through as frontliners and your continuous efforts as
leaders in health care:
a. Make a Sample Research Title (10 points)
Effectiveness of teleconsultation/telehealth during covid-19 pandemic
b. a brief background of the study of your research (15 points)
The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of
international concern. Telehealth is an effective option to fight the outbreak of COVID-19. The
aim of this systematic review was to identify the role of telehealth services in preventing,
diagnosing, treating, and controlling diseases during COVID-19 outbreak, services Telehealth
become a basic need for the general population, health care providers, and patients with
COVID-19, especially when people are in quarantine, enabling patients in real time through
contact with health care provider for advice on their health problems. Thus, the aim of this
review was to identify and systematically review the role of telehealth in preventing,
diagnosing, treating, and controlling diseases during COVID-19 outbreak. There are various
benefits in using technology of telehealth, especially in non-emergency / routine care and in
cases where services do not require direct patient-provider interaction, such as providing
psychological services. Remote care reduces the use of resources in health centers, improves
access to care, while minimizing the risk of direct transmission of the infectious agent from
person to person. In addition to being beneficial in keeping people safe, including the general
public, patients and health workers, another important advantage is providing widely access to
care givers. Therefore, this technology is an attractive, effectual and affordable option.
That pertains to Globalization and Global Initiatives in Nursing
