Bioinformatics

Hammad Naveed
09/14/2021
 Goals for today

• Short survey of interests/background

• Administrivia
• Course Topics
 Your Instructor
• Email: hammad.naveed@nu.edu.pk
• Office:
• BS(CS) – FAST-NU (2001-2005)
• PhD Bioinformatics – University of Illinois at Chicago (2007-2012)
• Postdocs @ CAS-MPG Partner Institute at Computational Biology and
KAUST (2012-2014)
• Research Assistant Professor @ TTIC, University of Chicago (2014-2017)

• Director & Associate Professor in the department of Computer Science

• Research Interests: Computational modeling of biological systems,

heuristics, drug design
 Office Hours

• Will begin next week

• When I am not taking a class
– Everyday b/w 2-4pm
– Better to email for an appointment
• Course TA: None
 Expected Background

• CS 201 Data Structures

– Arrays
– Hash tables
– Trees
– Graphs
• Molecular Biology: no knowledge assumed, but an interest in
learning some basics is mandatory
 Course Grading

• Quizzes and Assignments: 30%

• Midterm(s) exam: 30%
• Final exam: 40%

• Late assignments will be penalized

• No change in deadlines
• No retakes (Quizzes: Best 5, Assignments: bonus questions)
 Plagiarism & Grading

• Copy cases will result in an automatic ‘F’ grade and will be

reported to campus disciplinary committee.
• 33% class admitted to copying Fall 2017. This will not be tolerated.
 Learning goals of this class

• Gain an overview of different problem areas in bioinformatics

• Understanding significant & interesting algorithms
• Ability to apply the computational concepts to related problems in
biology and other areas
• Ability to understand scientific articles about more cutting-edge
approaches
• Foundation to enable independent learning and deeper study of
related topics
Course Feedback
 What is Bioinformatics?
• The term Bioinformatics was coined in the 1970s
• Very close cousin: Computational Biology
• An interdisciplinary field rooted in computer and information sciences and
life sciences.
• Draws from other areas such as
– Math, statistics, machine learning, physics, genetics, evolutionary biology, biochemistry
• Definitions from the National Institute of Health
– Bioinformatics: Research, development, or application of computational tools and
approaches to make the vast, diverse and complex life sciences data more
understandable and useful.
– Computational biology: The development and application of mathematical and
computational approaches to address theoretical and experimental questions in biology
 Topics Overview

• Sequence Assembly
 Topics Overview
CCACACCACACCCACACACCCACACACCACACCACACACCACACCACACCCACACACACACATCCTAACACTACCCTAACACAGCCCTAATCTAACCCTGGCCAACCTGTCTCTCAACTTACCCTCCATTACCCTGCCT
CCACTCGTTACCCTGTCCCATTCAACCATACCACTCCGAACCACCATCCATCCCTCTACTTACTACCACTCACCCACCGTTACCCTCCAATTACCCATATCCAACCCACTGCCACTTACCCTACCATTACCCTACCATCCAC
CATGACCTACTCACCATACTGTTCTTCTACCCACCATATTGAAACGCTAACAAATGATCGTAAATAACACACACGTGCTTACCCTACCACTTTATACCACCACCACATGCCATACTCACCCTCACTTGTATACTGATTTTAC
GTACGCACACGGATGCTACAGTATATACCATCTCAAACTTACCCTACTCTCAGATTCCACTTCACTCCATGGCCCATCTCTCACTGAATCAGTACCAAATGCACTCACATCATTATGCACGGCACTTGCCTCAGCGGTCT
ATACCCTGTGCCATTTACCCATAACGCCCATCATTATCCACATTTTGATATCTATATCTCATTCGGCGGTCCCAAATATTGTATAACTGCCCTTAATACATACGTTATACCACTTTTGCACCATATACTTACCACTCCATTTATA
TACACTTATGTCAATATTACAGAAAAATCCCCACAAAAATCACCTAAACATAAAAATATTCTACTTTTCAACAATAATACATAAACATATTGGCTTGTGGTAGCAACACTATCATGGTATCACTAACGTAAAAGTTCCTCA
ATATTGCAATTTGCTTGAACGGATGCTATTTCAGAATATTTCGTACTTACACAGGCCATACATTAGAATAATATGTCACATCACTGTCGTAACACTCTTTATTCACCGAGCAATAATACGGTAGTGGCTCAAACTCATGC
GGGTGCTATGATACAATTATATCTTATTTCCATTCCCATATGCTAACCGCAATATCCTAAAAGCATAACTGATGCATCTTTAATCTTGTATGTGACACTACTCATACGAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTGAT
AGGTACGTTATTTAATAGGATCTATAACGAAATGTCAAATAATTTTACGGTAATATAACTTATCAGCGGCGTATACTAAAACGGACGTTACGATATTGTCTCACTTCATCTTACCACCCTCTATCTTATTGCTGATAGAACA
CTAACCCCTCAGCTTTATTTCTAGTTACAGTTACACAAAAAACTATGCCAACCCAGAAATCTTGATATTTTACGTGTCAAAAAATGAGGGTCTCTAAATGAGAGTTTGGTACCATGACTTGTAACTCGCACTGCCCTGA
TCTGCAATCTTGTTCTTAGAAGTGACGCATATTCTATACGGCCCGACGCGACGCGCCAAAAAATGAAAAACGAAGCAGCGACTCATTTTTATTTAAGGACAAAGGTTGCGAAGCCGCACATTTCCAATTTCATTGTT
GTTTATTGGACATACACTGTTAGCTTTATTACCGTCCACGTTTTTTCTACAATAGTGTAGAAGTTTCTTTCTTATGTTCATCGTATTCATAAAATGCTTCACGAACACCGTCATTGATCAAATAGGTCTATAATATTAATATA
Where are the genes in this genome?
CATTTATATAATCTACGGTATTTATATCATCAAAAAAAAGTAGTTTTTTTATTTTATTTTGTTCGTTAATTTTCAATTTCTATGGAAACCCGTTCGTAAAATTGGCGTTTGTCTCTAGTTTGCGATAGTGTAGATACCGTCCT
TGGATAGAGCACTGGAGATGGCTGGCTTTAATCTGCTGGAGTACCATGGAACACCGGTGATCATTCTGGTCACTTGGTCTGGAGCAATACCGGTCAACATGGTGGTGAAGTCACCGTAGTTGAAAACGGCTTCAG
CAACTTCGACTGGGTAGGTTTCAGTTGGGTGGGCGGCTTGGAACATGTAGTATTGGGCTAAGTGAGCTCTGATATCAGAGACGTAGACACCCAATTCCACCAAGTTGACTCTTTCGTCAGATTGAGCTAGAGTGG
TGGTTGCAGAAGCAGTAGCAGCGATGGCAGCGACACCAGCGGCGATTGAAGTTAATTTGACCATTGTATTTGTTTTGTTTGTTAGTGCTGATATAAGCTTAACAGGAAAGGAAAGAATAAAGACATATTCTCAAAG
GCATATAGTTGAAGCAGCTCTATTTATACCCATTCCCTCATGGGTTGTTGCTATTTAAACGATCGCTGACTGGCACCAGTTCCTCATCAAATATTCTCTATATCTCATCTTTCACACAATCTCATTATCTCTATGGAGATGC
TCTTGTTTCTGAACGAATCATAAATCTTTCATAGGTTTCGTATGTGGAGTACTGTTTTATGGCGCTTATGTGTATTCGTATGCGCAGAATGTGGGAATGCCAATTATAGGGGTGCCGAGGTGCCTTATAAAACCCTTTT
CTGTGCCTGTGACATTTCCTTTTTCGGTCAAAAAGAATATCCGAATTTTAGATTTGGACCCTCGTACAGAAGCTTATTGTCTAAGCCTGAATTCAGTCTGCTTTAAACGGCTTCCGCGGAGGAAATATTTCCATCTCTT
GAATTCGTACAACATTAAACGTGTGTTGGGAGTCGTATACTGTTAGGGTCTGTAAACTTGTGAACTCTCGGCAAATGCCTTGGTGCAATTACGTAATTTTAGCCGCTGAGAAGCGGATGGTAATGAGACAAGTTGA
TATCAAACAGATACATATTTAAAAGAGGGTACCGCTAATTTAGCAGGGCAGTATTATTGTAGTTTGATATGTACGGCTAACTGAACCTAAGTAGGGATATGAGAGTAAGAACGTTCGGCTACTCTTCTTTCTAAGTGG
GATTTTTCTTAATCCTTGGATTCTTAAAAGGTTATTAAAGTTCCGCACAAAGAACGCTTGGAAATCGCATTCATCAAAGAACAACTCTTCGTTTTCCAAACAATCTTCCCGAAAAAGTAGCCGTTCATTTCCCTTCCG
ATTTCATTCCTAGACTGCCAAATTTTTCTTGCTCATTTATAATGATTGATAAGAATTGTATTTGTGTCCCATTCTCGTAGATAAAATTCTTGGATGTTAAAAAATTAAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTCAG
TAGCAGCGATGGCAGCGTGGCTTGTGGTAGCAACACTATCATGGTATCACTAACGTAAAAGTTCCTCAATATTGCAATTTGCTTGAACGGATGCTATTTCAGAATATTTCGTACTTACACAGGCCATACATTAGAATAA
TATGTCACATCACTGTCGTAACACTCTTTATTCACCGAGCAATAATACGGTAGTGGCTCAAACTCATGCGGGTGCTATGATACAATTATATCTTATTTCCATTCCCATATGCTAACCGCAATATCCTAAAAGCATAACTGAT
GCATCTTTAATCTTGTATGTGACACTACTCATACGAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTGATAGGTACGTTATTTAATAGGATCTATAACGAAATGTCAAATAATTTTACGGTAATATAACTTATCAGCGGCGT
ATACTAAAACGGACGTTACGATATTGTCTCACTTCATCTTACCACCCTCTATCTTATTGCTGATAGAACACTAACCCCTCAGCTTTATTTCTAGTTACAGTTACACAAAAAACTATGCCAACCCAGAAATCTTGATATTTT
ACGTGTCAAAAAATGAGGGTCTCTAAATGAGAGTTTGGTACCATGACTTGTAACTCGCACTGCCCTGATCTGCAATCTTGTTCTTAGAAGTGACGCATATTCTATACGGCCCGACGCGACGCGCCAAAAAATGAAAA
ACGAAGCAGCGACTCATTTTTATTTAAGGACAAAGGTTGCGAAGCCGCACATTTCCAATTTCATTGTTGTTTATTGGACATACACTGTTAGCTTTATTACCGTCCACGTTTTTTCTAGCACCATATACTTACCACTCCAT
TTATGAATCAGTACCAAATGCA
 Topics Overview
CCACACCACACCCACACACCCACACACCACACCACACACCACACCACACCCACACACACACATCCTAACACTACCCTAACACAGCCCTAATCTAACCCTGGCCAACCTGTCTCTCAACTTACCCTCCATTACCCTGCCTC
CACTCGTTACCCTGTCCCATTCAACCATACCACTCCGAACCACCATCCATCCCTCTACTTACTACCACTCACCCACCGTTACCCTCCAATTACCCATATCCAACCCACTGCCACTTACCCTACCATTACCCTACCATCCACCA
TGACCTACTCACCATACTGTTCTTCTACCCACCATATTGAAACGCTAACAAATGATCGTAAATAACACACACGTGCTTACCCTACCACTTTATACCACCACCACATGCCATACTCACCCTCACTTGTATACTGATTTTAC
GTACGCACACGGATGCTACAGTATATACCATCTCAAACTTACCCTACTCTCAGATTCCACTTCACTCCATGGCCCATCTCTCACTGAATCAGTACCAAATGCACTCACATCATTATGCACGGCACTTGCCTCAGCGGTC
TATACCCTGTGCCATTTACCCATAACGCCCATCATTATCCACATTTTGATATCTATATCTCATTCGGCGGTCCCAAATATTGTATAACTGCCCTTAATACATACGTTATACCACTTTTGCACCATATACTTACCACTCCATTTAT
ATACACTTATGTCAATATTACAGAAAAATCCCCACAAAAATCACCTAAACATAAAAATATTCTACTTTTCAACAATAATACATAAACATATTGGCTTGTGGTAGCAACACTATCATGGTATCACTAACGTAAAAGTTCCTCA
ATATTGCAATTTGCTTGAACGGATGCTATTTCAGAATATTTCGTACTTACACAGGCCATACATTAGAATAATATGTCACATCACTGTCGTAACACTCTTTATTCACCGAGCAATAATACGGTAGTGGCTCAAACTCATGCG
GGTGCTATGATACAATTATATCTTATTTCCATTCCCATATGCTAACCGCAATATCCTAAAAGCATAACTGATGCATCTTTAATCTTGTATGTGACACTACTCATACGAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTGATAG
GTACGTTATTTAATAGGATCTATAACGAAATGTCAAATAATTTTACGGTAATATAACTTATCAGCGGCGTATACTAAAACGGACGTTACGATATTGTCTCACTTCATCTTACCACCCTCTATCTTATTGCTGATAGAACACTA
Protein coding sequence
ACCCCTCAGCTTTATTTCTAGTTACAGTTACACAAAAAACTATGCCAACCCAGAAATCTTGATATTTTACGTGTCAAAAAATGAGGGTCTCTAAATGAGAGTTTGGTACCATGACTTGTAACTCGCACTGCCCTGATCTG
CAATCTTGTTCTTAGAAGTGACGCATATTCTATACGGCCCGACGCGACGCGCCAAAAAATGAAAAACGAAGCAGCGACTCATTTTTATTTAAGGACAAAGGTTGCGAAGCCGCACATTTCCAATTTCATTGTTGTTTA
TTGGACATACACTGTTAGCTTTATTACCGTCCACGTTTTTTCTACAATAGTGTAGAAGTTTCTTTCTTATGTTCATCGTATTCATAAAATGCTTCACGAACACCGTCATTGATCAAATAGGTCTATAATATTAATATACATTTA
TATAATCTACGGTATTTATATCATCAAAAAAAAGTAGTTTTTTTATTTTATTTTGTTCGTTAATTTTCAATTTCTATGGAAACCCGTTCGTAAAATTGGCGTTTGTCTCTAGTTTGCGATAGTGTAGATACCGTCCTTGGATA
GAGCACTGGAGATGGCTGGCTTTAATCTGCTGGAGTACCATGGAACACCGGTGATCATTCTGGTCACTTGGTCTGGAGCAATACCGGTCAACATGGTGGTGAAGTCACCGTAGTTGAAAACGGCTTCAGCAACTTC
GACTGGGTAGGTTTCAGTTGGGTGGGCGGCTTGGAACATGTAGTATTGGGCTAAGTGAGCTCTGATATCAGAGACGTAGACACCCAATTCCACCAAGTTGACTCTTTCGTCAGATTGAGCTAGAGTGGTGGTTGCA
GAAGCAGTAGCAGCGATGGCAGCGACACCAGCGGCGATTGAAGTTAATTTGACCATTGTATTTGTTTTGTTTGTTAGTGCTGATATAAGCTTAACAGGAAAGGAAAGAATAAAGACATATTCTCAAAGGCATATAGT
TGAAGCAGCTCTATTTATACCCATTCCCTCATGGGTTGTTGCTATTTAAACGATCGCTGACTGGCACCAGTTCCTCATCAAATATTCTCTATATCTCATCTTTCACACAATCTCATTATCTCTATGGAGATGCTCTTGTTTCT
GAACGAATCATAAATCTTTCATAGGTTTCGTATGTGGAGTACTGTTTTATGGCGCTTATGTGTATTCGTATGCGCAGAATGTGGGAATGCCAATTATAGGGGTGCCGAGGTGCCTTATAAAACCCTTTTCTGTGCCTGTG
ACATTTCCTTTTTCGGTCAAAAAGAATATCCGAATTTTAGATTTGGACCCTCGTACAGAAGCTTATTGTCTAAGCCTGAATTCAGTCTGCTTTAAACGGCTTCCGCGGAGGAAATATTTCCATCTCTTGAATTCGTACAA
CATTAAACGTGTGTTGGGAGTCGTATACTGTTAGGGTCTGTAAACTTGTGAACTCTCGGCAAATGCCTTGGTGCAATTACGTAATTTTAGCCGCTGAGAAGCGGATGGTAATGAGACAAGTTGATATCAAACAGATAC
ATATTTAAAAGAGGGTACCGCTAATTTAGCAGGGCAGTATTATTGTAGTTTGATATGTACGGCTAACTGAACCTAAGTAGGGATATGAGAGTAAGAACGTTCGGCTACTCTTCTTTCTAAGTGGGATTTTTCTTAATCCT
Protein coding sequence
TGGATTCTTAAAAGGTTATTAAAGTTCCGCACAAAGAACGCTTGGAAATCGCATTCATCAAAGAACAACTCTTCGTTTTCCAAACAATCTTCCCGAAAAAGTAGCCGTTCATTTCCCTTCCGATTTCATTCCTAGACTG
CCAAATTTTTCTTGCTCATTTATAATGATTGATAAGAATTGTATTTGTGTCCCATTCTCGTAGATAAAATTCTTGGATGTTAAAAAATTAAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTCAGTAGCAGCGATGGCAGCG
TGGCTTGTGGTAGCAACACTATCATGGTATCACTAACGTAAAAGTTCCTCAATATTGCAATTTGCTTGAACGGATGCTATTTCAGAATATTTCGTACTTACACAGGCCATACATTAGAATAATATGTCACATCACTGTCGT
AACACTCTTTATTCACCGAGCAATAATACGGTAGTGGCTCAAACTCATGCGGGTGCTATGATACAATTATATCTTATTTCCATTCCCATATGCTAACCGCAATATCCTAAAAGCATAACTGATGCATCTTTAATCTTGTAT
GTGACACTACTCATACGAAGGGACTATATCTAGTCAAGACGATACTGTGATAGGTACGTTATTTAATAGGATCTATAACGAAATGTCAAATAATTTTACGGTAATATAACTTATCAGCGGCGTATACTAAAACGGACG
TTACGATATTGTCTCACTTCATCTTACCACCCTCTATCTTATTGCTGATAGAACACTAACCCCTCAGCTTTATTTCTAGTTACAGTTACACAAAAAACTATGCCAACCCAGAAATCTTGATATTTTACGTGTCAAAAAAT
GAGGGTCTCTAAATGAGAGTTTGGTACCATGACTTGTAACTCGCACTGCCCTGATCTGCAATCTTGTTCTTAGAAGTGACGCATATTCTATACGGCCCGACGCGACGCGCCAAAAAATGAAAAACGAAGCAGCGACT
CATTTTTATTTAAGGACAAAGGTTGCGAAGCCGCACATTTCCAATTTCATTGTTGTTTATTGGACATACACTGTTAGCTTTATTACCGTCCACGTTTTTTCTAGCACCATATACTTACCACTCCATTTATGAATCAGTACC
 Topics Overview

• Sequence Comparison

Human ADNP gene Mouse ADNP gene

 Topics Overview

• How are these organisms related?

E Coli

Yeast

Drosophilla

Lab mice
Toh et al, Nature, 2011
 Topics Overview

• Biological Networks
 Topics Overview

• Network Alignment
 Human Genome Project

• Several Administrative issues slows down the progress

Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project

• First human genome

cost $2.7 billion
• Now it cost <$1000
• Projected to cost
~$100 in 3-4 years
• Covered by insurance
companies and will
become a routine
procedure
• Opportunity for off-
shore analysis
 Does it end here????????

• ATCTGCGCGGTTTCGCGGCTGCGGAAAAGCGGGCT