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Laplace Transforms in Engineering

Laplace transforms are tools for solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and related initial value problems, as well as systems of linear ODEs. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an improper integral from 0 to infinity of f(t)e^-st dt, where s is a complex variable. Some common Laplace transforms and properties include the transforms of unit step functions and formulas involving the gamma function. Examples demonstrate finding the Laplace transform of basic functions and expressions involving unit step functions.

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166 views13 pages

Laplace Transforms in Engineering

Laplace transforms are tools for solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and related initial value problems, as well as systems of linear ODEs. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an improper integral from 0 to infinity of f(t)e^-st dt, where s is a complex variable. Some common Laplace transforms and properties include the transforms of unit step functions and formulas involving the gamma function. Examples demonstrate finding the Laplace transform of basic functions and expressions involving unit step functions.

Uploaded by

Victor Doyogan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Module 1 – Lesson 1
Laplace Transforms
Engr. Richard T. Earnhart
Introduction

• Laplace transforms are powerful tools in solving


linear ODEs and related initial value problems, as
well as systems of linear ODEs.
• Some of its applications can be found in electrical
networks, springs, signal processing, and other
areas of engineering.
Integral Definition

The Laplace transform of a given function f(t) is the


function F(s) obtained by evaluating the following
improper integral. +
! " = ℒ %(') = ) , -./ % ' 0'
*
Note that f(t) is defined for all t>0. Also, we assume
that the above integral exists.
Example 1

Let ! " = $ %& when " ≥ 0, where * is constant. Find


ℒ $ %& .
Laplace Transform Table

Page 207 Table 6.1, Kreyzig


Gamma Function and Properties

• Γ " + 1 = "! for n=1,2,3,…


•Γ 1 =1
• Γ " + 1 = "Γ(") for n>-1
)
•Γ =+
*
Example 2

Find the Laplace transform of the following functions.


!
a) # $!%
"

b) & '
Example 2

Find the Laplace transform of the following functions.


"
c) ! + % &' + 8 sin 2!
#

b) cos / 3!
Unit Step Function

• In engineering, functions that are either “off” or “on” are


usually encountered.
• One important example of these functions is the one
occurring in electrical systems particularly on the
impressed voltage on a circuit that can be turned off after
a period of time.
• The said function is known as (delayed) unit step function
for c ≥ 0.
• This function delays its output at the value 0 (off) until a
certain time t = c and then assumes a constant value of
one unit (on).
The Unit Step Function

• The unit step function or also known as the


Heaviside’s unit step function about point c is
defined by
0, " < $
! "−$ =&
1, " ≥ $
.
The Unit Step Function

• The Laplace transform of a unit step function is given


by

) *+,
ʆ "($ − &) = , - > 0.
-
Example 3

Express the given function in terms of the unit step


function and find the Laplace transform.
−2, " < 5
! " =$ .
4, " ≥ 5

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