Digital Forensics Lab Manual-Converted-Compressed
Digital Forensics Lab Manual-Converted-Compressed
By
(DIVYAJEET SINGH(121519002)]
4. Aim of the
Experiment: How to
Extract Exchangeable
image file format
(EXIF) Data from
Image Files using
Exifreader Software.
5. Aim of the
Experiment: How to
make the forensic
image of the hard
drive using EnCase
Forensics.
imager
Aim of the
11 Experiment:
Comparison of two
Files for forensics
investigation by
Compare IT software
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EXPERIMENT-01
Aim of the Experiment:
Study of Computer Forensics and different tools used for forensic investigation
As a hacker, the more you know and understand about digital forensics,
the better you can evade the standard forensic techniques and even
implement anti-forensic measures to throw off the investigator.
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These three suites are comprised of multiple tools and reporting features and can be fairly
expensive. While these suites are widely used by law enforcement, they use the same or
similar techniques as the free open-source suites without the fancy interfaces.
By using the open-source and free suites, we can come to understand how such tools as
EnCase work without the expense. EnCase is the most widely used tool by law
enforcement, but not necessarily the most effective and sophisticated. These tools are
designed for user-friendliness, efficiency, certification, good training, and reporting.
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Some of the better tools in BackTrack include the following, among many others.
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And that' just some of the things you can do with digital forensics!
What Is Anti-Forensics?
Anti-forensics are techniques that can be used to obfuscate information
and evade the tools and techniques of the forensic investigator. Some of
these techniques include the following.
Hiding Data: Hiding data can include such things as encryption and
steganography.
Artefact wiping: Every attack leaves a signature or artefact behind.
Sometimes it's wise to attempt to wipe these artefacts from the victim
machine so as to leave no tell-tale trail for the investigator.
Trail Obfuscation: A decent forensic investigator can trail nearly any remote
attack to an IP address and/or MAC address. Trail obfuscation is a technique
that leads them to another source of the attack, rather than the actual attack.
Change the timestamp: Change the file timestamp (modify, access,
and change) to evade detection by forensic tools.
Forensics tool. Autopsy is a digital forensics platform and graphical interface to The
Sleuth Kit® and other digital forensics tools. It can be used by law enforcement,
military, and corporate examiners to investigate what happened on a computer. You
can even use it to recover photos from your camera's memory card.
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CAINE (Computer Aided Investigative Environment)
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EXPERIMENT-02
Aim of the Experiment:
How to Recover Deleted Files using
Forensics Tools Step-01: Create a File
To demonstrate how to recover deleted files, let's create a malicious document.
We will call this document "Malicious" and create it with Notepad in Windows.
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Right-click on the malicious file and select delete. If you put the file in the Recycle
Bin, you have made it even easier for the forensic investigator to recover. The
Recycle Bin is actually simply a folder where the files are moved until you empty the
Recycle Bin. Nothing is deleted until you empty the Recycle Bin.
Most forensic investigators use commercial tools. The two most popular
being Encase by Guidance Software and Forensic Tool Kit by Access Data.
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was designed for law enforcement and all evidence needs to be
categorized and labelled.
Finally, it will ask for a location of the physical drive you want to image, a
destination directory and a name for the image file. When you are done
with all these administrative tasks, FTK Imager will begin the process of
creating a forensically sound bit-by-bit image of your drive.
Now that we've created an image of the flash drive, we are ready to
recover the deleted files.
Step 4: Recover Deleted Files
There are many tools on the market to recover deleted files and all of them
are adequate to do the job. Deleted file recovery is probably the simplest
of forensic tasks. Here, I will be using a trial version of RecoverMyFiles.
You can download a trial version here.
Once you have installed RecoverMyFiles, select the Start Recovery icon in the upper
left corner. It will ask you to select either Recover Files or Recover Drive. Select
Recover a Drive. It will then search and display all your drives like that in the
screenshot below. Since we are using a forensic image, select Add Image button to
the right. You will need to provide a path to your image file created with FTK.
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Once you select an image file, start the automatic file recovery. When the
recovery is completed, you will see a screen similar to the one below.
I then selected the File Type tab above the Explorer window to
categorize the files by type.
As you can see, there are numerous file types recovered from this flash drive.
Since our malicious document was a .txt, I have selected the TXT UTF-16 file
type. It then puts all 158 .txt files on display in the upper right window. As you
can see, it has recovered our malicious.txt file and everything on it. Busted!
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I'm hoping that this tutorial clearly showed you how simple it is for a
forensic investigator to recover the files you have deleted. This should be
a lesson that you need to be exceedingly cautious and when possible,
overwrite any deleted files to remove evidence. In some cases, even that
may not be enough to keep your files from a skilled forensic investigator.
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EXPERIMENT-03
Aim of the Experiment:
To study the steps for hiding and extract any text file behind an image
file/ Audio file using Command Prompt.
Any file like .rar .jpg .txt or any file can be merged inside another file. In
a simple way, we shall learn how to hide a text file inside an image file
using the Command Prompt.
How to Hide the FILE?
Suppose you have to hide a text file with the image file .jpg and combine is
.txt them in a new file as our output file which contains the text
.jpg .Where .jpg hidden in the
image file.
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4. in cmd first type the code as follows:
>cd desktop
NOTE: this code is for assigning the location on cmd to desktop
5. Now type the following code:
"C.jpg" is the output image inside this out image our file is hidden
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How to retrieve the file?
1. locate C.jpg file from where you want to retrieve text data
2. Right-click and open with notepad
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echo "Your Message">>"image.jpg"
Now the message is successfully hidden in the image file.
To view the message: Open with Notepad, at last,
Another Method
1. Open Run command window by pressing win + r.
2. Open command prompt by typing cmd and press OK
Windows 7/10: Shift+right click in the folder containing the files will open
the command prompt in that directory Windows: Open command prompt
(start->run cmd), then use cd to get to the folder where the files are stored.
Linux: You know what to do, open terminal and move to the directory
containing files.
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We now need to merge these files together, but we want to use a
binary merge to keep the two files intact. With Windows copy
command this uses the /B switch. (Binary Data)
Windows
Code:
copy /b secret.zip + sound.mp3 newfile.mp3
Linux
Code:
cat sound.mp3 secret.zip > newfile.mp3
You should now have gained a new file called newfile.mp3. This should look
identical to the sound you started with when opened with a media player, but with
a secret payload hidden within. Here is the example sound containing a ZIP:
The two simplest ways to get your data back out of these files is to either change
the extension from .mp3 to .zip or to open your chosen ZIP program and open
newfile.mp3 within that. You should now be presented with your original files.
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EXPERIMENT-04
Aim of the Experiment: How to Extract Exchangeable image file format
(EXIF) Data from Image Files using Exifreader Software.
Introduction:
In many cases when a computer, phone, or mobile device is seized for evidence, the
system will have graphic images that might be used as evidence. Obviously, in some
cases, these graphic images may be evidence such as in child pornography cases.
Most digital devices "stamp" information on these graphic images that can tell us a
lot about the who, what, when, and where the pictures were taken. This information is
known as EXIF data and can very often be useful to the forensic investigator.
There are numerous applications that can extract this EXIF data from
graphic files. Nearly every one of the major forensic suites (EnCase,
FTK, Oxygen, etc.) has this capability built-in. For this lab, we will be
using a simple, Windows-based tool called ExifReader (free).
Extract EXIF Data from Image Files
Step-01:
Download the ExifReader from the above link and click on the .exe file
(ExifRead.exe) and it will open a clean and simple GUI Wizard as shown below:
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Now, simply click on the "Open" button and browse to the pictures
from the system or media. Normally, JPEG and JPG contain the
maximum information, so let's use a JPEG file.
Step-02: Open a Picture File
Once the selected picture opens the picture, it will load the picture into the thumbnail
to the left and display the EXIF data to the right down the page as shown below.
There are lots of information you can collect in the EXIF data, but most are related to the
technical specifications of the camera and photography. GPS coordinates of where the
picture was taken. Most of this is of limited value to the forensic investigator.
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EXPERIMENT-05
Aim of the Experiment: How to make the forensic image of the hard
drive using EnCase Forensics.
2. Introduction
In solving computer crime cases, computer forensics is used to gather evidence,
which will be analyzed and presented to a court of law to prove the illegal activity. It is
important that when doing computer forensics, no alteration, virus introduction,
damages or data corruption occurs. In order to do a good analysis, the first step is to
do a secure collection of computer evidence. Secure collection of evidence is
important to guarantee the evidential integrity and security of information. The best
approach for this matter is to use a disk imaging tool. Choosing and using the right
tool is very important in computer forensics investigation.
Disk imaging
Disk imaging as defined by Jim Bates, Technical Director of Computer
Forensics Ltd, refers to:
disk and the important point was that the complete content of the disk was copied
including the location of the data. Disk imaging takes sector-by-sector copy usually for
forensic purposes and as such it will contain some mechanism (internal verification) to
prove that the copy is exact and has not been altered. It does not necessarily need the
same geometry as the original as long as arrangements are made to simulate the
geometry if it becomes necessary to boot into the
Disk imaging is also one of the approaches for backup except that backup only
copies the active file. In backup, ambient data will not be copied. This is an area
where the most important source for the evidence could be found. Ambient data
is a data stored in Windows swap file, unallocated space and file slack.
Scenario:
to the
competitors, but without any evidence, no action could be taken against
him. To get into reality and proof Mr. X guilty, the company has requested
the forensic services and have come to know all the relevant data is
present inside the desktop provided to him.
Since it is never advised to work with the original evidence because we may lose
some relevant data accidentally, so we will create an image of the original
evidence and work on it further. This way the original evidence is safe and the
integrity and authenticity of the evidence could be proved through hash values.
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Step-01:
To image the computer hard drive, we will use Encase Imager. EnCase Imager is a
software which is bundled with numerous features which aid in all the four
phases of forensic investigation i.e. Collection, Preservation, Filtering and Report.
First, download the Encase Imager demo from here and install in your
computer. Once it is installed, Initialize the Software in Enterprise Mode.
Step 2: Click On New For Creating A New Case. Fill the labels.
Click On Finish.
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Step 3: View the Case by Clicking On Case 1 <Case Name>
Step 4: Click on add local device for Adding Devices to Your Case. If there is any
write blocker attached with the machine and digital deice then tick to 1,2 and 5
option otherwise untick to all and click on Next button.
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Step 5: Tick in the box of name column which shows the connected device
name or label like (1,2,3 or any numeric number) and click on the finish button.
Step-06: Now to open evidence click on label number of the device which shows in
t-click on label number and choose acquire the option.
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Step-07: Then a pop up will appear with three tabs. In the location tab, fills all the fields. In format
tab if you want to encrypt the evidence file then enable the Compression field otherwise disable it.
In Verification Hash field value should be chosen MD5 and SHA1 after it click on OK button. File
format selected here is E01 as this is supported by multiple tools and is suitable for further
analysis. If we want to password protect/encrypt our image we can do this at this stage.
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Step-08: After it, image creation will be start and time taken to create
the image will be shown on the right side of the bottom. you can
check the status of image acquisition on the same window at the
lower right corner along with the time remaining (refer below image).
Step-09: Device will automatically disconnect after creating the image. The
image will save in the folder which we set the path earlier. Once the acquisition
is complete the image will get saved to the output folder (refer below image).
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EXPERIMENT-06
Aim of the Experiment: How to Restoring the Evidence Image using EnCase
Imager Open Encase Imager and add the evidence to Encase imager
Browse to the image (.E01) file and add it to the case. The evidence
added will get listed
Double click on the image, select he files to be restored and select the
restore option located under Device option.
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When we click on restore, connect the drive where we want to restore the
image and click next. All the drives will be read. All the drives will be
displayed, select the drive where the image is to be restored. Use the
blank drive for restoring the image as the existing data will be wiped.
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Image Restoration will start, we can check the progress on the lower
right corner of the window.
Once the restoration is complete, we can see the data in the drive we have selected.
To ensure the integrity of the data, we can see the report section on the
bottom pane and check the hash values. The hash values should be the same
as of the image (we can check the original hash value in the image report.)
If required we can copy and save the report in any text / word file for
any future reference.
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EXPERIMENT-07
Aim of the Experiment: How to Collect Email Evidence in Victim PC
To collect email evidence from Victim PC the first step is to
c RAM. This can be possible using dumpit tool.
This utility is used to generate a physical memory dump of Windows
machines. It works with both x86 (32-bits) and x64 (64-bits) machines.
The raw memory dump is generated in the current directory, only a
confirmation question is prompted before starting. Perfect to deploy
the executable on USB keys, for quick incident responses needs.
Run Dumpit.exe file the raw memory dump will be generated and save
to the same directory
Now select the dump it image file and select an output folder for the report
and click on start bulk extractor as seen below
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Now in order to investigate the victim saved information of Email ID Click on
email.txt as seen below
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EXPERIMENT-08
Aim of the Experiment: How to Extracting Browser Artifacts
ChromeHistoryView: is a small utility that reads the history data file of Google
Chrome Web browser, and displays the list of all visited Web pages in the last
days. For each visited Webpage, the following information is displayed: URL,
Title, Visit Date/Time, Number of visits, number of times that the user typed
this address (Typed Count), Referrer, and Visit ID.
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IEHistoryView: This utility reads all information from the history file on your
computer, and displays the list of all URLs that you have visited in the last
few days. It also allows you to select one or more URL addresses, and then
remove them from the history file or save them into text, HTML or XML file.
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EXPERIMENT-09
Aim of the Experiment: How to View Last Activity of Your PC
LastActivityView is a tool for Windows operating system that collects
information from various sources on a running system, and displays a
log of actions made by the user and events occurred on this computer.
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EXPERIMENT-10
Aim of the Experiment: Find Last Connected USB on your system (USB Forensics)
USBDeview is a small utility that lists all USB devices that currently connected to
your computer, as well as all USB devices that you previously used.
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EXPERIMENT-11
Aim of the Experiment: Comparison of two Files for forensics
investigation by Compare IT software
Compare It is a software that displays 2 files side by side, with colored differences
sections to simplify analyzing. You can move changes between files with a single
mouse click or keystroke, and of course, you have the ability to edit files directly in
on the screen.
First of all, install the Compare It from the Link given below.
http://www.grigsoft.com/wincmp3.htm it is a 1.7 Mb Software package
Click on Compare It Tool, It will show a window to select the files to be compared.
First, select the first file and click on open and then select the second
file and click on open.
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It also gives you Print report of the difference in the file as follows
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EXPERIMENT-12
Aim of the Experiment: Live Forensics Case Investigation using Autopsy
First Download New Case
A new page
will open. Enter the details in and
and choose the location to save the report e.g.
:Autoreport. Then click on next to proceed to the next step.
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Here in the next step, you have to enter the case number and Examiner
details and click on finish to proceed to the next step.
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A new window will open. It will ask for the add data source in Step 1. Select source
type to add & browse the file Path and click on NEXT option to proceed further.
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Configure ingest Modules I have chosen all the modules as I am looking for complete
information on evidence device or disk or system etc. and click next to proceed further.
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In Add Data Source just click on Finish to generate the report of the device and
you can perform complete investigate on the victim device or system or any
other disk. It will process the data Source and add it to the local database.
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References
1. https://www.noxcivis.com/forensics/
2. https://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-like-pro-digital-
forensics-for-aspiring-hacker-part-3-recovering-deleted-files-0149868/
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