Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

Unit 1: Psychology spoken language and our writing system are

important parts of our culture.
The Q Classroom
Activity B., Page 2
LISTENING 1 My Stroke of Insight: A Brain
Teacher: Class, the Unit Question is: “How does
Scientist’s Personal Journey
language affect who we are?” So maybe we can
Activity A., C., Pages 6, 7
start by talking about ourselves. How about
David Inge, Host: Good morning. Welcome to
you, Marcus? Do you think you would be a
the second hour of Focus 580. This is our
different person if you had a different first
morning talk program; my name’s David Inge.
language?
. . . In this hour of Focus 580 we’ll be talking
Marcus: Yes, in some ways I would be.
with Jill Bolte Taylor; she is a neuroanatomist.
Teacher: Why?
She’s affiliated with the Indiana University
Marcus: Our language is part of our culture. The
School of Medicine in Indianapolis. And back in
way we express ourselves reflects the things we
1996, she was teaching and doing research at
care about. Sometimes there are things that I
the Harvard Medical School when she had a
feel just can’t be said as well in English.
stroke, a very serious and severe stroke. On that
Sophy: I don’t think that’s true, though. I think
day, as she writes in her book My Stroke of
you can say anything in any language. You just
Insight, on that day she woke up with a sharp
feel more comfortable with how to say it in
pain behind one eye. She tried to get on with
your native language.
her usual morning activities, but clearly she
Teacher: What do you think, Felix? How does
knew something was very wrong. She wasn’t
language affect who we are?
sure what. Uh, instead of finding answers or
Felix: I agree with Marcus. I think some things
information, she writes she “met with a growing
are easier to express in some languages than in
sense of peace.” She writes that she felt
others. Take showing respect, for example. In
“enfolded by a blanket of tranquil euphoria.”
my native language, there are certain verb
We should talk a little bit more about the, the
forms that you can use when you’re talking to
structure of the brain, and, and I think that
an older person that help you show respect, but
probably people have an idea in, in their head
in English that’s difficult to do. You speak the
of what the brain looks like. And that I think the
same way to everyone. It made me
thing that people think about as being the brain
uncomfortable when I first started speaking
is in fact the cortex, the cerebral—
English.
Jill Bolte Taylor: Right.
Sophy: But you can show respect in English, just

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Inge: —cortex, which is that part of the brain
not with verb forms. You use more formal
that sets us apart from a lot of other living
language, you don’t contract as much, and that
things and in fact maybe sets us apart in degree
kind of thing. It’s just different.
from other mammals as well. Uh, and maybe
Teacher: Interesting. Would you like to add
also people are used to the idea that it has two
something, Yuna? How would you say language
halves, right and left, and that the two halves
affects who we are?
are different. So, talk a little bit about that, the
Yuna: I think that for all people their language is
structure of the brain at that level, and the two
very important to who they are. In Korea, our
halves, the right and the left, and what makes
them different.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

Taylor: Well, they process information in, in communicate either creating language or
different kinds of ways, um, but of course understanding other people’s language. But
they’re always both working all at the same what I gained was this experience of the
time. So as you look out into the world right present moment and the expansiveness, so, so
now, whatever your perception is, you, you they’re, they’re very different ways of
have choices. You can look first at the big perceiving the world. And most of us, you know,
picture of the room and not really focus in on I think we can identify that there are these two
any of the details. And the right hemisphere very different parts of ourselves and that we
looks at things for the big picture. It blends the, use them together. I just had the opportunity to
softens the boundaries between things so that lose the detail of the left hemisphere so that I
you take in the bigger picture of the room. Is could really just experience the right
this a really lovely room? Is this a great room? hemisphere untethered to the left hemisphere.
Um, and you just have the overall perception. If Inge: Our guest on this hour of Focus 580, Jill
you’re at the beach, um, you look out over the, Bolte Taylor; she’s a neuroanatomist. And of
the, um, horizon and you look out over the course questions are welcome. Line 1. Hello.
water, and, and you, you allow yourself to feel Caller: Hello.
expansive, and that’s the bigger picture of Inge: Yes.
everything. The left hemisphere, then, is going Caller: I find this fascinating. I’m, I’m an
to—and it’s all in the present moment. The experimental psychologist, retired. And, um,
right hemisphere is all about right here, right there’s an old, uh, out of the behavioristic
now. And then the left hemisphere is going to tradition, you know, they believed that
take that big picture and it’s going to start consciousness was intrinsically tied to language.
picking out the details. So if you’re at the beach, And it sounds like that’s out the window now
now it’s going to start looking at the kinds of because you evidently didn’t lose consciousness
clouds, and it’s going to label them and it’s and, uh, because you—but you did lose your
going to look at the whitecaps and label them, language. But what I’m interested in, is did you
and it’s going to look at the kinds of grains in lose the concept of future and past? It sounds
the sand and label them. And everything now like you were living entirely in the present. Is
starts working into language and the details that true or not?
that we can then communicate with, so it’s Inge: All right.
looking—and, and, and in order to do that, it’s Taylor: Thank you. Yeah. No, that’s a great
going to compare things to things that we’ve question. I did lose my perception of past and

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learned in the past, and it’s going to project future when I had that hemorrhage in the left
images into the future. The right hemisphere hemisphere, and I lost all of the consciousness
thinks the big picture in pictures. of the language center. I lost the portion of my
The left hemisphere thinks the details using brain that said, “I am an individual. I am Jill
language, so the two hemispheres work Bolte Taylor. These are all the data connected
together constantly for us to have a normal to me.” These are all the memories associated
perspective. And, and on the morning of my with who I had been and when that person
hemorrhage, I lost the left hemisphere, which went offline, which is the best way for me to
lost my language, it lost my ability to associate explain it, I lost all of her likes and dislikes, and I
or relate anything to the external world or to didn’t—but I was still completely conscious.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

And in the process of recovery, I essentially had 3. Taylor: I just had the opportunity to lose the
to say that woman died that day, and I was now detail of the left hemisphere so that I could
an infant in a woman’s body. And this new really just experience the right hemisphere
consciousness was going to regain the function untethered to the left hemisphere.
of the left hemisphere, but I was not going to 4. Taylor: At the same time I, I see it as, as, just
regain being whom I had been before. So, um, as far as language is concerned, picture yourself
uh, I love your perspective on it. At the, at the as a purely English-speaking person and then
same time I, I see it as, as, just as far as you wake up one day and you’re in the heart of
language is concerned, picture yourself as a, a China where nobody speaks any English
purely English-speaking person and then you whatsoever, so you’re no longer dependent on
wake up one day and you’re in the heart of the language. You’re dependent on having a
China where nobody speaks any English heightening of your other experiences, the
whatsoever, so you’re no longer dependent on inflection of voice and facial expression, and,
the language. You’re dependent on having a and you’re, you’re really in the present
heightening of your other experiences, the moment, then, in order to gain information
inflection of voice and facial expression, and, about what, where, where you’re at and what
and you’re, you’re really in the present you have to do.
moment, then, in order to gain information
about what, where, where you’re at and what
you have to do. So we do function; there’s a NOTE-TAKING SKILL
whole part of us that is non-language, and once Activity A., B., Page 12
that language goes off, I was still a whole M: During the first year of life, children learn
human being, even though I didn’t have my words as they hear them repeated by their
parents. A great deal of language learning goes
language center and the rest of my left
hemisphere was, was swimming in a pool of on between the ages of 15 to 24 months. By the
blood. I still had the experience that I was age of 18 months, most children know about 50
perfect and whole and beautiful just the way words. By their second birthday, they can use
that I was even though I only had part of my, 250 to 300 words. This number nearly doubles
my mind functioning. in the following 6 months.

LISTENING 2 The Story of My Life

LISTENING SKILL Making inferences Activity A., C., Pages 14, 15
Activity A., Page 11 Helen Keller: I cannot recall what happened

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1. Inge: The thing that people think about as during the first months after my illness. I only
being the brain is in fact the cortex, the cerebral know that I sat in my mother’s lap or clung to
cortex, which is that part of the brain that sets her dress as she went about her household
us apart from a lot of other living things . . . duties. My hands felt every object and observed
2. Taylor: The right hemisphere thinks the big every motion, and in this way I learned to know
picture in pictures. The left hemisphere thinks many things. Soon I felt the need of some
the details using language, so the two communication with others and began to make
hemispheres work together constantly for us to crude signs. A shake of the head meant “No”
have a normal perspective. and a nod, “Yes.” A pull meant “Come” and a

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

push, “Go.” Was it bread that I wanted? Then I of communication became so urgent that these
would imitate the acts of cutting the slices and outbursts occurred daily, sometimes hourly. . . .
buttering them. If I wanted my mother to make The most important day I remember in all my
ice cream for dinner, I made the sign for life is the one on which my teacher, Anne
working the freezer and shivered, indicating Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with
cold. My mother, moreover, succeeded in wonder when I consider the immeasurable
making me understand a good deal. I always contrasts between the two lives which it
knew when she wished me to bring her connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three
something, and I would run upstairs or months before I was seven years old.
anywhere else she indicated. Indeed, I owe to On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood
her loving wisdom all that was bright and good on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed
in my long night. . . . vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the
I do not remember when I first realized that I hurrying to and fro in the house, that something
was different from other people, but I knew it unusual was about to happen, so I went to the
before my teacher came to me. I had noticed door and waited on the steps. The afternoon
that my mother and my friends did not use sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that
signs as I did when they wanted anything done, covered the porch, and fell on my upturned
but talked with their mouths. Sometimes I face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously
stood between two persons who were on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had
conversing and touched their lips. I could not just come forth to greet the sweet southern
understand and was vexed. I moved my lips and spring. I did not know what the future held of
gesticulated frantically without result. This marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness
made me so angry at times that I kicked and had preyed upon me continually for weeks, and
screamed until I was exhausted. . . . a deep languor had succeeded this passionate
Many incidents of those early years are fixed in struggle.
my memory, isolated, but clear and distinct, Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when
making the sense of that silent, aimless, dayless it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut
life all the more intense. . . . you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious,
Meanwhile, the desire to express myself grew. groped her way toward the shore with plummet
The few signs I used became less and less and sounding line, and you waited with beating
adequate, and my failures to make myself heart for something to happen? I was like that
understood were invariably followed by ship before my education began, only I was

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outbursts of passion. I felt as if invisible hands without compass or sounding line, and had no
were holding me, and I made frantic efforts to way of knowing how near the harbor was.
free myself. I struggled—not that struggling “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of
helped matters, but the spirit of resistance was my soul, and the light of love shone on me in
strong within me; I generally broke down in that very hour.
tears and physical exhaustion. If my mother I felt approaching footsteps, I stretched out my
happened to be near, I crept into her arms, too hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone
miserable even to remember the cause of the took it, and I was caught up and held close in
tempest. After a while, the need of some means the arms of her who had come to reveal all

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

things to me, and more than all things else, to wordless sensation may be called a thought,
love me. made me hop and skip with pleasure.
The morning after my teacher came she led me We walked down the path to the well-house,
into her room and gave me a doll. The little attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle
blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent with which it was covered. Someone was
it . . . but I did not know this until afterward. drawing water, and my teacher placed my hand
When I had played with it a little while, Miss under the spout. As the cool stream gushed
Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word over one hand, she spelled into the other the
“d-o-l-l.” I was at once interested in this finger word water, first slowly, then rapidly.
play and tried to imitate it. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the
When I finally succeeded in making the letters motions of her fingers.
correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of
and pride. Running downstairs to my mother, I something forgotten—a thrill of returning
held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I thought—and somehow the mystery of
did not know that I was spelling a word or even language was revealed to me. I knew then that
that words existed; I was simply making my “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool
fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days something that was flowing over my hand. That
that followed I learned to spell in this living word awakened my soul; gave it light,
uncomprehending way a great many words, hope, joy; set it free! There were barriers still, it
among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like is true, but barriers that could in time be swept
sit, stand, and walk. But my teacher had been away.
with me several weeks before I understood that I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything
everything has a name. . . . had a name, and each name gave birth to a new
Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me thought. . . . I learned a great many new words
that “m-u-g” is mug and that “w-a-t-e-r” is that day. I do not remember what they all were;
water, but I persisted in confounding the two. but I do know that mother, father, sister,
In despair, she had dropped the subject for the teacher were among them—words that were to
time, only to renew it at the first opportunity. I make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s
became impatient at her repeated attempts, rod, with flowers.” It would have been difficult
and seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my
floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the crib at the close of that eventful day and lived
fragments of the broken doll at my feet. over the joys it had brought me and for the first

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Neither sorrow nor regret followed my time longed for a new day to come. . . .
passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In I recall many incidents of the summer of 1887
the still, dark world in which I lived, there was that followed my soul’s sudden awakening. I did
no strong sentiment or tenderness. I felt my nothing but explore with my hands and learn
teacher sweep the fragments to one side of the the name of every object that I touched and the
hearth, and I had a sense of satisfaction that the more I handled things and learned their names
cause of my discomfort was removed. She and uses, the more joyous and confident grew
brought me my hat, and I knew I was going out my sense of kinship with the rest of the world.
into the warm sunshine. This thought, if a

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 1

PRONUNCIATION: Emphatic Word Stress

Page 23
EXAMPLE 1
She’s a SCIENTIST.
She was COMPLETELY CONSCIOUS.
He was RESPONSIBLE.
She ISOLATED herself.
EXAMPLE 2
A: She’s a SCIENTIST?
B: No, she’s a DENTIST.
A: Are you afraid of oral reports?
B: YES! I NEVER take SPEAKING classes.
A: Can Gary speak MANDARIN?
B: HE can’t, but LISA can.

Activity A., Pages 23–24

Taylor: Then I would have this wave of clarity
that would bring me and reattach me back to
normal reality, and I could pursue my plan, and
my—the only plan that I had in my head was to
call work and that somebody at work would get
me help. Um, but it—it took, uh, over 45
minutes for me to figure out what number to
dial and how to dial and by the time, um, I got
the information I could not see uh the, the
phone number on my business card. I couldn’t
pick the numbers out from the background
pixels, cause all I could see were pixels. Uh, and
it’s a you know, it’s a, big drama. By the time
my colleague, I’m very fortunate he was at his
desk. I spoke. I said “Woo Woo Woo Woo Er” I
had no, no language and when he spoke to me

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he sounded “Woo Woo Wer.” He sounded like a
golden retriever. So, uh, but he did recognize
that it was I and that I needed help and then
eventually he did get me help.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 2

Unit 2: Education from our routine. It was actually a lot of fun.

Plus there were donuts!
The Q Classroom
Teacher: Sounds like you have a smart
Activity B., Page 30
manager. Well, we’ve covered a lot of bases in
Teacher: It’s time for us to start talking about
this discussion: work, education, and fun can
the Unit Question, which is: “Where can work,
clearly overlap at school, on vacation, and in the
education, and fun overlap? First of all, can they
workplace. We’ll keep discussing this idea as we
overlap? What do you think, Yuna?
go through the unit.
Yuna: Yes. When I enjoy my work, it’s fun. And
usually I only enjoy my work if I’m learning
LISTENING 1 Voluntourism
something.
Activity A., C., Pages 34, 35
Teacher: What do you think, Sophy? Where can
(Music)
work, education, and fun overlap?
Chris Christensen, Host: Amateur Traveler,
Sophy: They can overlap at school. For example,
Episode 125.
if you take a field trip, it’s fun, and you’re
Today we talk about volunteer travel, or
learning, and you’re also preparing the report
voluntourism. Find out what kind of person is
or whatever other work you have to do for it.
doing this kind of travel, what they’re doing
Teacher: Felix?
when they get there, and just who it is they’re
Felix: I agree with Yuna, that work is fun when
meeting. On today’s Amateur Traveler.
you’re learning, but I think fun can be
Christensen: Welcome to the Amateur Traveler;
educational as well. To me, fun is more fun
I’m your host, Chris Christensen. I’d like to
when I’m learning something. When I go on
welcome to the show Linda Stuart. Linda is the
vacations, I love to learn all about the places I
executive director of the Global Citizens
visit. I’m one of those tourists who reads all of
Network. Linda, welcome to the show, first.
the brochure information. That’s not work, I
Linda Stuart: Thank you Chris. Glad to be here.
guess, but it’s definitely fun and learning.
Christensen: What is the Global Citizens
Teacher: OK. We’ve talked about fun at school
Network?
and learning on vacations—what about fun at
Stuart: Global Citizens Network is a nonprofit
work? When is work fun? Marcus?
organization based out of St. Paul, Minnesota,
Marcus: I think work is fun when you’re doing
that’s in its 16th year. We’ve been providing
something out of your normal routine, and
cross-cultural expeditions to indigenous
especially if you’re working on something in a
communities around the world.
group. At my job, we needed to change some of

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Christensen: OK, and so what we’re talking
our procedures, and the manager wanted us all
about on this show is volunteer travel, or
to be a part of the change, so she set up
voluntourism is the other phrase that’s been
informal meetings for us to discuss how we
used. Let’s start with the why. Why after I’ve
wanted to change things. We got a chance to
been working so hard for the whole year would
talk to each other in a way we usually don’t, we
I want to go and work someplace else?
got some good planning done, it was a learning
Stuart: Yeah, that’s a great question. We’ve
experience because none of us had done
seen an increase over the last couple of years in
anything like that before, and it was a break
individuals, families, groups, couples that are
interested in an experience where they feel like

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 2

they’re able to contribute, or give back, and so in Cantel, there’s the center where the youth
while going to see new lands, meet new people come and they learn about Mayan weaving,
is still very enticing, there is something to be medicinal medicines, traditional dance, et
said about going and doing good, and that is an cetera, and our presence there is really to also
opportunity that Global Citizens provides with kind of validate the culture and the
its cross-cultural trips and the service aspect on preservation of the culture. So that’s a really
the trip. And there’s an opportunity to meet significant project that we feel like we’re
others, meet friends, see new places and new working on. So there’s a wide variety of
lands, taste new foods, but then in addition, opportunities for people if they feel like they
there’s an opportunity to work on a service want to go together as a team, if they want to
project that will make a contribution to the go as an individual, if they want to go 50s and
community where we’re partnering. older, there’s also an opportunity for baby
Christensen: Before we get into specifically boomers and senior citizens to be together. And
what you guys are doing, can you tell us a little one thing about GCN is that we are an age-
bit more about what are the ranges of diverse organization so families, children eight
opportunities when we talk about volunteer and up are welcome on our program.
travel? Christensen: Can you describe your volunteers?
Stuart: Everywhere you turn around now, you’ll Can you give us a couple of examples of people
see volunteer opportunities. Voluntourism is on who volunteer for you?
the rise. And one thing that our organization Stuart: Well, two-thirds of our volunteers are
has maintained over the last 16 years is the women.
opportunity to travel and volunteer together as Christensen: Interesting.
a team. And so we do solicit intact teams, but Stuart: The other demographics of our
also individuals are welcome to come and join volunteers would include, as I just mentioned
us on any group trip. There is a wide range of some sort of family combination. But I would
opportunities. Others include individual say that the majority of the people that travel
placement; some are in rural areas versus urban with us do range between probably 30 and 55
areas. Others may be more of a tutoring or years old. And then the second group after that
English teaching placement— would be the youth, because the one area I
Christensen: Mm-hmm. guess that we don’t see as many is the kind of
Stuart: —others may be in orphanages. Our the university-aged individuals, and that’s
organization partners with indigenous because I think oftentimes they’re looking for

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communities and works with them on small- credit or possibly more of a longer-term
scale development projects of their choice and program and our programs are short-term.
so it often focuses on physical labor, Christensen: Mm-hm.
construction of health clinics, schools, Stuart: They’re one to three weeks long and so.
community centers, et cetera. But other . . . There are many motivating reasons for this
projects may include, for example, in a village in kind of experience, in addition to giving back
Guatemala, in Cantel, we’re partnering with the and contributing. Another one is the
Mayan Peace Center on youth empowerment camaraderie and sharing that meaningful
projects. And that is, again, of the community’s experience with a family or, like as you
choice and by their initiation and direction. So mentioned, allowing children to have that kind

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 2

of eye-opening experience and seeing not it’s us if we actually went someplace with GCN, what
versus them, but it’s us all together. countries are you in, first of all?
We do stress that there’s always something for Stuart: We partner here in the United States,
everyone, and so while maybe the construction with several Native American reservations—
on a health center, sometimes it can be as Christensen: OK.
simple as hauling some sand, assisting in sand— Stuart: —as well, First Nations in Canada. We
the project usually occurs in the morning, are in Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Guatemala. We’re
followed by a community lunch and in the in Africa, Asia, Kenya and Tanzania specifically.
afternoon there’s opportunity for interacting Christensen: And what’s the average group
with the community members in weavings and size?
classes and lessons, learning, educational Stuart: Our groups are small. They range
forums at the clinics. anywhere from 4 to 12.
I mean, there’s always such a wide variety Christensen: OK. And then what kind of cost, I
because the goal is to really immerse yourself know it’s going to vary depending on whether
in the daily lives of the village people and to see we’re going to Arizona or Tibet.
how they live. Stuart: Our program fees range anywhere from
Christensen: So what was your personal $900 to $2,400, depending, yeah, on where you
experience with how you got so involved in go and for how long. If it’s a week to three
volunteer travel? weeks long.
Stuart: Well, as a youth I was fortunate enough Christensen: And that’s not counting airfare, I
to have an experience to go on an alternative assume?
project when I was in high school. It was very Stuart: Airfare is in addition to that as well as
eye-opening for me. It was an ecological project any visa costs or any immunizations that would
in Dominica in the Caribbean. And it was my be needed.
first taste of what alternative travel is, and Christensen: OK.
everyone is pretty aware of a lot of what the Stuart: But the program fee does cover your
mass tourism opportunities are, but I was really lodging, transportation, food, and a portion of it
touched by that experience and very moved goes to the project.
that at that time, someone was raising my Christensen: Well, I thank you so much for
awareness and my realization and my coming on the show and telling us a little bit
conscientiousness about supporting the local about this different kind of, uh, opportunity for
economy . . . versus buying all the souvenirs travel and just appreciate you sharing your

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that you would buy on a cruise ship per se. And experience with us.
so there was something that really resonated Stuart: Great. Thank you.
with that experience for me. And then just kind
of prompted a lifetime of seeking those kinds of LISTENING SKILL Listening for examples
experiences, learning a second language, doing Example, Page 38
research and study abroad in college, and just Stuart: There is a wide range of opportunities.
one experience led after another, so . . Others include individual placement; some are
Christensen: And then if you could get a little in rural areas versus urban areas; others may be
more specific in terms of what we would expect more of a tutoring or English teaching
placements . . .

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Activity A., Page 38 an internship, cost-of living expenses may be

1. Stuart: Our organization partners with similar and students have to factor that into
indigenous communities and works with them their budget. Even though both living abroad
on small-scale development projects of their and interning sound like fun, they also require a
choice and so it often focuses on physical labor, lot of hard work, no matter how interesting the
construction of health clinics, schools, experience is. EAP students need to remember
community centers, et cetera. that they will have to communicate and do
2. Stuart: There are many motivating reasons school work in a foreign language. And even
for this kind of experience, in addition to giving though internships are almost always in the
back and contributing. Another one is the same country as the home campus, the
camaraderie and sharing that meaningful technical hands-on work may still be harder
experience with a family or, like as you than interns expected. Both opportunities are
mentioned, allowing children to have that kind enticing to college students as they provide an
of eye-opening experience and seeing not it’s us opportunity to branch out and gain new
versus them, but it’s us all together. experiences.
3. Christensen: And then if you could get a little
more specific in terms of what we would expect LISTENING 2 Science Fairs and Nature Reserves
if we actually went someplace with GCN, what Activity A., C., Pages 41, 42
countries are you in, first of all? Report 1
Stuart: We partner here in the United States, (Music)
with several Native American reservations— Narrator: The climax of many outreach
Christensen: OK. programs run by the University of Cambridge
Stuart: —as well, First Nations in Canada. We occurs in March each year with a science
are in Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Guatemala. We’re festival. Sober university buildings take on a
in Africa, Asia, Kenya and Tanzania specifically. carnival atmosphere in a week-long celebration
of science.
NOTE-TAKING SKILL Nicola Buckley: It’s a unique chance for all the
Activity B, Page 40 scientific, mathematical, engineering
F: Many students are torn between joining an departments to get together and put on this
Education Abroad Program (EAP) and finding an amazing week of activities for kids and adults.
internship during their junior year in college. And you’ve never seen anything like it with all
Everyone agrees that both programs provide of these quite staid university buildings being

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students with an opportunity to expand their sort of overrun by children that week, and it’s
horizons. Only in another country, however, can just a chance to open the doors and interest
students experience new cultures. Money is people in science, really. The science festival is a
always an important consideration for college very large event at the university. It’s the
students. They will usually end up paying tuition largest public event we run each year. We
for an EAP program at their home campuses. record over 45,000 visits to all of the events.
On the other hand, they usually do not pay The atmosphere on the Science on Saturday is
tuition during internships. In fact, internships absolutely fantastic.
often pay a minimal salary, so students can earn Narrator: This experiment is part of a project
money. Whether living abroad or off campus for called “Crash, Bang, Squelch!” By mixing corn

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 2

flour and water, you get a material that can activities that go on throughout the system.
both be a liquid and a solid at the same time. Here UC faculty and staff are exploring ways to
It’s strange, and fun to play with, but there is a preserve the state’s disappearing oak
serious point. It might cause a child to begin to woodlands and restore native grasslands,
think differently about the materials of delving deep into the earth to understand the
everyday life. In the week before the festival, microorganisms that support California’s
Sebastian Watt and his fellow volunteers from ecosystems, and pioneering new ways to serve
the Earth Science department climb into their the state’s diverse student population.
time truck and tour many of the local schools. Narrator: Community support is essential to the
Buckley: Which is packed with interactive success of the reserve. Many people in the area
exhibits about geology, volcanoes, and these volunteer to serve as docents at the reserve,
sorts of things, little demonstrations. The aims leading public tours and conducting educational
of the festival are to enthuse the general public programs for school groups. Dr. Michael
about science, especially children, young Williams is the reserve director.
people, to encourage them to be the next Michael Williams: Without an outreach
generation of scientists. And that’s why the program, you can’t get people excited about a
science festival is so important. It breaks down site. And the outreach also is a, it fits into the
barriers between scientists and the wider mission of NRS for public service. And to
community and the university and the wider actually show people, in a very controlled
world. And we think that’s a benefit to both. Of setting—we don’t allow open use of the
course, we want to encourage children and reserve, but with trained docents, um, we can
young people to study science at this and other have classes come out here and see research
universities, but above all, we want children happening. The nice thing about outreach, for
and parents to understand how wonderful me, for me personally, is I like to see kids get
science is and how important a part it plays in excited about science, to see it in action.
all our lives. The special programs we have that are under,
(Music) um, the oversight of the outreach coordinator
Report 2 is one program in particular called “Kids in
Speaker: In this report on the Sedgwick Nature Nature,” where we bring low-income, uh, poor-
Reserve, you will hear a narrator and two performing school district kids from throughout,
speakers: Dr. Michael Williams, the reserve currently Santa Barbara county, but that will be
director, and Professor Jennifer Thorsch of the expanding into other adjoining counties this

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University of California, Santa Barbara. next year. Uh, we bring them in for almost, um,
Narrator: The University of California Natural a whole year of interaction. And that includes a
Reserve system provides a testing ground for number of field trips here to work on a
developing innovative solutions to California’s restoration project, and to work on the biology
tough environmental and educational of the plants they’re using in the restoration
challenges. With more than 30 sites dedicated project, and to understand the communities
to teaching, research, and public outreach, NRS under which the restoration project is taking
Reserves can be found throughout the state. place. And it just keeps multiplying itself out.
The Sedgwick reserve, near UC Santa Barbara, Then they go on campus and they actually learn
provides a perfect example of the kinds of about plant anatomy. And they look at the

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 2

anatomy of the very plants they’re planting out so we try and show them that you can be
here. And then they’ve got computer games anything you want to be. And also, I think
that they can take back with them to the science is really interesting, and by and large,
classroom that are developed specifically of it’s not taught in a really hands-on, “teaching by
plants at Sedgwick. They come back out here doing” rather than “teaching by telling.” And so,
and they start asking more questions that this program not only has them doing
they’ve learned or that’s been generated by the experiments in the labs at UCSB, but they’re out
game. here in this beautiful environment.
Narrator: The Kids in Nature program draws on
the resources of both the reserve and the PRONUNCIATION
campus. Professor Jennifer Thorsch and her Page 50
students at UC Santa Barbara played a key role Example 1
in creating and running the program. With GCN, we can take an expedition to
Jennifer Thorsch: My concept was to bring Mexico, Peru, or Argentina.
botany to K through 12 students and bring them Example 2
to the university for experiences in the They need to find out if that institute is in China
laboratory and also at our natural area sites on or Japan.
campus. Sedgwick Reserve was running their Example 3
own schools program. We learned about each Did they visit Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, or Egypt?
other’s program, so we met, and a Is it a science fair or a science camp?
collaboration was born, and Kids in Nature was Example 4
the result. What did they build in Mexico, schools or
I think the impact that Kids in Nature is having houses?
is probably more far-reaching than we will even Where are the exhibits, in the school, at the
begin to understand. Not only are they beach, or in the park?
introduced to the university environment— Activity A., Page 51
many of these children have never, ever been 1. Who paid for the travel expenses, the
on a university campus, and the concept of students or the school?
going to college is not in their realm. The visits 2. Would you choose to initiate a new project or
to the university familiarize them with what a work on an old one?
university is, and we all try and be extremely 3. I’m not sure if I prefer Cambridge, Oxford,
positive when these students are on campus Harvard, or Stanford.

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and show them that they can come here too. 4. Which adjective is best: compelling,
Williams: I think that’s a wonderful use of a liberating, or enticing?
natural reserve site. Again, it’s very controlled, 5. You have your choice of staying in a tent, a
research sites are protected, uh, the kids are, home, or a hotel.
get to meet a lot of the researchers doing these 6. Can everyone go on a volunteer vacation,
programs. including children, teens, and adults?
Thorsch: And I think often, especially young
girls, at the ages between the 4th grade and 6th
grade, begin to believe that they cannot be
scientists or that it’s not a cool thing to do. And

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Unit 3: Psychology Teacher: That’s right. People think they see land
when there is no land there at all. So we have
The Q Classroom
lots of examples of the eyes deceiving the mind,
Activity B., Page 59
and we’ll see more as we continue with this
Teacher: The Unit Question is: “Can the eyes
unit.
deceive the mind?” Let’s start with our own
experience. What are some common examples
NOTE-TAKING SKILL
of the eyes deceiving the mind?
Activity C., Page 61
Sophy: The first things that come to my mind
M: Sherlock Holmes is the famous detective
are those pictures with a hidden image in them.
created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. He is the
When you first look at them, your eyes tell you
main character in over 56 stories and four
that it’s just a repetitive pattern, but there are
novels. Holmes uses disguises when he wants to
actually differences in the pattern that show up
fool others into thinking he is not Sherlock
as a hidden image when you look at it for a
Holmes, the detective, so he can more
while.
successfully investigate crimes. In "The
Marcus: Those things drive me crazy! I can
Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton,"
never see the picture. But to answer the
Holmes poses as a repairman and becomes
question, I’d say that 3-D pictures are a very
engaged to a servant in the house of Milverton,
common example of the eyes deceiving the
an evil blackmailer. His goal is to gain access to
mind. What looks like 3-D is really just the same
the house so he can steal letters that belonged
image being shown from different angles.
to an innocent woman. In another story, he
Teacher: Good point. What are some other
dresses in the black clothes of a village priest.
examples of the eyes deceiving the mind? Felix?
He knows that in order to gain valuable
Felix: Well, to take off from what Marcus said,
information from the village people, he must
we use visual deception all the time. For
fool them into thinking they can trust him
example, we put mirrors in rooms to make
completely. The detective disguises himself as
them look bigger, or we wear vertical stripes to
an old bookseller in "The Empty House "
make ourselves look thinner. Even animal
because his enemies assume he is dead, and he
camouflage is an example of the eyes deceiving
wants to continue this illusion for his own
the mind—the animal is there, but you don’t
protection. Some critics say Sherlock Holmes is
see it because its patterns and colors match the
as much an actor as a detective.
background.
Teacher: That’s true. Are there other examples

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LISTENING 1 Wild Survivors
of the eyes deceiving the mind? Does it happen
Activity A., C., Pages 34, 35
in ways we don’t plan? What do you think,
Narrator: In the ruthless world of survival, the
Yuna?
battle for life and death takes on infinite forms.
Yuna: When people are in the desert, they
The endless struggle to eat and avoid being
sometimes see pools of water. I forgot what
eaten has created weapon and defense systems
that’s called . . .
that are continuously changing. The balance of
Teacher: A mirage. Yes, people often see
power in nature is continually shifting.
mirages in the heat, on highways, too.
Sometimes it favors the hunter and sometimes
Yuna: And on the ocean.

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the hunted. Those that are best at the game passersby. When the caterpillars hatch, they
escape from the very jaws of death. begin a dangerous journey. Those that survive
Adapting is necessary for survival. As conditions make straight for the oak trees’ flowers. As they
change—availability of food and water, feed hungrily upon the flowers, they absorb the
temperatures, the presence of predators both chemicals within them. This triggers a startling
animal and human—animals must change to transformation. Quite literally, the caterpillar is
meet the challenges or die. what it eats. It can mimic the flowers superbly,
Both weather and landscape play a part in how even imitating the movement of the flowers in
animals adapt. Those that live must be well the spring breeze.
suited to the demands of the environment. For Camouflage allows many of the caterpillars to
example, the brown feathers of the ptarmigan, mature safe from predatory birds. But the story
a bird about the size of a pigeon that lives in doesn’t stop there. In the summer, another set
Europe and North America, make it almost of caterpillars is hatched. By now, the flowers
invisible to predators. But the feathers serve have fallen, and the caterpillars feed on the
another purpose as well—they protect the bird leaves instead. But there are different
from the extreme cold by keeping its body heat chemicals within the leaves now that set off a
next to its body, as well as keeping the cold air completely different reaction. This time, the
out. caterpillars take on the appearance of the oak
The ptarmigan also grows long white feathers twigs, rather than the flowers. To its great
on its feet for the winter, which act like built-in advantage, the same species has shown a
snowshoes. Undoubtedly, the feathers also striking capacity for variation.
provide effective camouflage, a disguise that Adaptations can be remarkably specific to the
helps the ptarmigan hide from predators by environment. A praying mantis looks
matching the color of its environment. When dangerously out of place on the forest floor,
the snow disappears, so too do the white easy pickings for any nearby predators. But a
winter feathers of the ptarmigan. Its summer disappearing act takes place when the mantis
outfit, speckled grey and brown feathers, is well reaches the flowers of the Asian orchid. So
designed to suit the environment that is now closely does it resemble its surroundings that
free of snow. The young ptarmigans are in the other insects sometimes search for nectar
special need of good camouflage, since they on its body. Those that do may pay for their
cannot fly as well as the adults. They must mistake with their lives.
protect themselves from predators by The unbroken reaches of the desert seem to

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crouching and hiding among the rocks, moss, offer little in the way of protection or places to
and wildflowers. Camouflage is virtually all the hide. Even here, though, natural selection has
protection they have in the rocky landscape of resulted in some very effective adaptations. The
the Pacific Northwest. desert snake can transform itself from obvious
An even more elaborate survival system is to almost invisible in the sand, where it then
found among the leaves of the oak tree, home hides in wait for potential prey. A lizard is no
to a variety of birds and a small, unimpressive- match at all for the deception of the snake.
looking moth. In the springtime, the moth lays The sandy bottom of the ocean floor can also
its eggs on the underside of the leaves, where hide its inhabitants. The Caribbean flounder, a
they are less likely to be found by any hungry fish whose flat body is the color of the ocean

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 3

floor, makes good use of the seabed to hide Europe and North America, make it almost
from view. Only its eyes are left exposed to invisible to predators.
sight a likely meal. Its looks may be unusual, but 3. The ptarmigan also grows long white feathers
they work superbly in these surroundings. on its feet for the winter, which act like built-in
The pressure of natural selection, or survival of snowshoes. Undoubtedly, the feathers also
the fittest, is an irresistible force shaping all of provide effective camouflage, a disguise that
nature. Those individuals who live to reproduce helps the ptarmigan hide from predators by
pass on their useful traits to succeeding matching the color of its environment.
generations. This is the essence of adaptation. 4. When the snow disappears, so too do the
As a general rule, the more closely you match white winter feathers of the ptarmigan. Its
your environment, the better your chances are summer outfit, speckled grey and brown
of surviving. The genetic combinations that feathers, is well designed to suit the
result in camouflage like this, as well as the environment that is now free of snow.
behaviors passed on from parents to offspring 5. The sandy bottom of the ocean floor can also
by example, are the product of an unknowable hide its inhabitants. The Caribbean flounder, a
number of hits and misses. Successful fish whose flat body is the color of the ocean
techniques and features live on in future floor, makes good use of the seabed to hide
generations, and unsuccessful ones necessarily from view.
pass away. It is one of the true miracles of
nature. LISTENING 2 Caught Off Guard
Activity A., C., Pages 68, 70
LISTENING SKILL Recognizing appositives that Professor Steed: Last week I posted the
explain following quotation by Sun Tzu, an ancient
Examples, Page 66 Chinese general: “All warfare is based on
Narrator: The chameleon, a type of lizard, deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must
changes its skin color to match its background. seem unable; when using our forces, we must
Narrator: The animal most famous for its ability seem inactive; when we are near, we must
to camouflage itself is the chameleon, a type of make the enemy believe we are far away; when
lizard. far away, we must make him believe we are
Narrator: Chameleons are oviparous, or egg- near.” I was pleased with the responses on our
laying, animals. class website and I have chosen three of the
Activity A., Page 67 examples you found in your research to talk

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1. Adapting is necessary for survival. As about more in depth today. So, let’s get started.
conditions change—availability of food and As you all know, deception is the art of making
water, temperatures, the presence of predators others hear, see, or believe something which is
both animal and human—animals must change intended to mislead them and give us an
to meet the challenges or die. advantage. Let me explain. In nature, animals
2. Both weather and landscape play a part in use color changes or sound mimicry to distract
how animals adapt. Those that live must be well or confuse predators. In contrast, in our
suited to the demands of the environment. For everyday lives, the use of makeup and clothes
example, the brown feathers of the ptarmigan, helps humans attract attention. In advertising,
a bird about the size of a pigeon that lives in companies often package small items in big

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 3

boxes or use bright colors to enhance dull inside of which Greek soldiers hid. Second, the
products in order to attract consumers. Greek fleet pretended to sail home in defeat,
Do all of these actions work because it is so but the boats were really nearby, ready to
easy to manipulate others? As most of you attack Troy. Third, uh, when the Trojans looked
agreed, the answer is yes. And that leads us to suspiciously at the horse and some argued that
our discussion topic today. it was a trick, the Greek warrior, Sinon, told
When we think of deception in warfare, the them that the Greeks had left the horse as a gift
most common example is the use of color and for their victory. To further convince the
objects which are intended to help the military Trojans, Sinon said they had to take the horse
blend into an environment. In the desert, into Troy in order to please the gods. In the
soldiers wear khaki-colored uniforms; in a end, the Greek soldiers snuck out of the horse
forest, vehicles are green in color. Well, I asked at night, the Greek ships returned to fight, and
you to look beyond the obvious, however this is Troy was defeated. Do you agree that Caddell
not the only tactic the army uses to deceive its would classify these as passive acts of
enemies. deception?
According to Dr. Joseph Caddell, a lecturer on Jumping ahead to the 18th century, one of you
military history at North Carolina State wrote about how deceptive the first U.S.
University, there are active and passive forms of president, George Washington, was when
deception. In his 2004 paper, “Deception 101 – battling the British in the American revolution
Primer on Deception,” he explains the for independence. Aware of the strength of the
difference. Passive deception is “designed to British troops, Washington utilized deception in
hide real intentions and capabilities from an many of his operations. He created false
adversary.” In other words, it involves hiding documents and allowed them to fall into British
something which exists. In contrast, active hands. In order to keep the British from having
deception is “the process of providing an accurate knowledge of his troop size,
adversary with evidence of intentions and Washington purchased more supplies than
capabilities which you do not, in fact, possess.” necessary, constructed fake military facilities,
That is, it involves fooling the enemy into and ordered the setting of extra campfires, all
believing something which is not true. An early to create the illusion of a greater and stronger
example of deception that many of you army. In order to misdirect attention from the
presented was that of the Trojan Horse. movement of his troops south from Rhode
Scholars may argue that this was merely an Island, Washington planted information that he

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event in Greek mythology described in Virgil’s was going to attack New York City. While the
epic poem the Aeneid and later in Homer’s British were distracted and concentrated their
Odyssey, but actually historical evidence has efforts on defending New York, Washington’s
emerged of this conflict between the Trojans troops crossed the Delaware and continued on
and the Greeks, sometime between the 12th to Yorktown where the battle signaling a turn in
and 13th centuries B.C. Odysseus was the the war was fought. Which category of
leader of the attack and the creator of the deception would Washington’s actions fall
Trojan Horse. Many acts of deception are under? Active, right? That is, Washington’s
involved here. First, Odysseus ordered the objective was to fool the enemy into believing
construction of a large hollow wooden horse things that were not true. The last example we

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 3

have time for today got the second highest 6. Predators are also prey, which I found
number of comments from students. It involves surprising about animals.
the 20th-century operations leading up to D-Day
in World War II, specifically Operation PRONUNCIATION: Stress shifts with suffixes
Quicksilver and Operation Fortitude South. In Examples, Page 79
the first, a small army unit was falsely portrayed 1. re-TIRE / re-tir-EE
as a large group under the command of the CHI-na / Chi-NESE
respected General George Patton. In the latter, cash / ca-SHIER
the Allies convinced the Germans that this large
unit was going to invade France at Pas-de- 2. pro-FESS-ion / pro-FESS-ion-al
Calais. Deceptive messages and false radio e-QUIP / e-QUIP-ment
signals were sent to German intelligence e-FFECT-ive / e-FFECT-ive-ness
agents. The Germans were caught off guard sub-JECT-ive / sub-JECT-ive-ly
when the real attack took place on the beaches 3. CA-pa-ble / ca-pa-BI-li-ty
of Normandy, and the Allied invasion was psy-CHO-lo-gy / psy-cho-LO-gi-cal
successful.
These are a few of the important instances that 4. VO-cab / vo-CAB-u-la-ry
show the practice of deception in warfare over CER-ti-fy / cer-TIF-i-cate
a span of many centuries. They show examples lo-CA-tion / LO-cal-ize
of Sun Tzu’s recommendation for troops to look
Activity A., Pages 79–80
unable when they are able, to appear inactive
1. a. manipulate b. manipulation
when they are not, or to seem far when they
2. a. alternate b. alternative
are near. My question for you to ponder after
3. a. deceive b. deception
class is this: With the modern technology we
4. a. image b. imaginary
have today in the 21st century, do you think
5. a. technique b. technically
battles are still fought using such deceptive
6. a. mystery b. mysterious
devices?
7. a. popular b. popularity
8. a. psychology b. psychological
GRAMMAR Relative clauses
9. a. terrify b. terrific
Activity A., Pages 77–78
10. a. visual b. visualize
1. Mixing up the dates that events are held on
creates a lot of confusion.

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2. A general from China whom we read about
last week outsmarted his enemies with his
battle tactics.
3. The troops that walked across the river were
honored by the army for their bravery.
4. The sounds of nature that we thought we
heard were really radios.
5. The soldiers hid inside a horse whose body
had enough space for hundreds of men.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 4

Unit 4: International Relations should really pay attention to who we do

business with. That’s one way to be a better
The Q Classroom
global citizen.
Activity B., Page 86
Teacher: It’s time again for us to talk about the
NOTE-TAKING SKILL Using a T-chart to take
Unit Question. “What does it mean to be a
notes on problems and solutions
global citizen?” Marcus, why don’t you start us
Examples, Page 89
off today? M: Problems
Marcus: Hmm. Global citizens are people who F: One problem is . . .
see themselves as citizens of the world, not just The group worries about the . . .
of their own country or community. The trouble is that . . .
Teacher: I think that’s a good definition. So They are concerned about . . .
Another obstacle we face is . . .
what are some examples of seeing yourself as a
M: Solutions
citizen of the world? How does that affect your F: People should/ people must . . .
behavior? Sophy? One suggestion is to . . .
Sophy: One thing a global citizen does is protect We can solve this by . . .
the environment. The energy we waste, the They need to . . .
trash we produce, and the pollution we cause We've figured out that . . .
can affect people in far-off places. If you’re a Activity B., Page 90
1. A: The program on Fair Trade coffee shows
global citizen, you’re concerned about that, and
how activists can help transform an industry. I
you try not to be wasteful.
wonder if there are any other Fair Trade
Teacher: OK. Yuna, what do you think? What
products that can make a difference and help
does it mean to be a global citizen?
people out of poverty?
Yuna: It means we have to care about what
B: Sure. Check out this website for the Global
happens to people in less fortunate countries.
Exchange. They say that if people want to help,
We do things to help them.
they can buy Fair Trade jewelry, clothing, tea,
Teacher: Can you give me an example?
and chocolate.
Yuna: Mostly by sending money, but some
A: That’s great. If consumers buy more Fair
people join volunteer corps and go to other
Trade products, farmers and local artisans can
countries to help out.
be guaranteed fair wages and find sustainable
Teacher: That’s true. What do you say, Felix.
ways to produce their products.
What does it mean to be a global citizen?
2. A: I watched a TV program last night about
Felix: I think we are all global citizens, whether

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the water crisis in Africa.
we want to be or not. As Sophy said, how we
B: Oh, I wanted to see that. It’s unbelievable
live affects other people in other places—not
that water is such a precious commodity in so
just in terms of how we take care of the
many parts of the world. And why don’t more
environment, but also in terms of how we do
people care about this problem?
business. Many corporations these days
A: The program talked about that. It explained
manufacture things all over the world, and we
how one group, the World Water Organization,
need to make sure they’re acting responsibly no
is gathering professionals to explore ways to
matter where they are. It’s easier to just buy
protect water around the world. Together,
cheap stuff without thinking about it, but we
they’re finding ways to solve the crisis.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 4

3. A: Hey, have any famous businesspeople Barista: Hi, how are you?
started organizations to address global Amos: . . . do you ever think about the farmers
concerns? who grew that coffee, thousands of miles
B: Yes, actually. Bill Gates and his wife started away?
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Customer: I need two, let’s see, two vente
A: What does it do? mocha frappuccinos with whipped cream.
B: They’re working to fund healthcare initiatives Amos: When you pay the bill . . .
around the world. Barista: Eight twenty-nine!
A: Has the organization really had an impact on Amos: . . . do you ever wonder, How much of
any problems such as the spread of disease? this money will the coffee farmers and their
B: They’ve worked a lot on that. They’re families actually get?
contributing to research into infectious Barista: What can I get for you?
diseases. And their website says they donate Amos: An international network of activists
money towards providing vaccinations for wants you to start thinking about it, because
people in developing countries. they say they’ve figured out a simple way that
4. A: Hi. I’m collecting money for an you can affect the global economy and
organization called the Disaster Relief Group. transform the lives of farmers: Look for coffee
Do you want to make a donation? with the special label marked “Fair Trade.”
B: I don’t know. I’ve never heard of that With Part 3 in our special report, here’s
organization. I don’t usually give money to relief American RadioWorks correspondent Daniel
organizations because I’m never sure if my Zwerdling.
money is really going to make a difference. Daniel Zwerdling: Let’s go right to coffee
A: Yeah, that’s been a problem for this country. Let’s head to the mountains of
organization. They’re pretty new and they’re Guatemala. They grow some of the best coffee
small, so a lot of people don’t know about them you can drink. It’s late afternoon, the sun’s
or trust them yet. Believe me, it’s been a already sinking behind a peak, and farmers are
challenge raising money for them. But they’re shuffling back down the slopes after a whole
trying to improve their outreach and day picking beans. [horse whinnies] Some lead
communications through their website. pack horses. They’re mangy animals; you can
B: Oh, really? count every single rib. The farmers tie the reins
A: Yes. If you go to DisasterReliefGroup.org, to trees next to the village warehouse, and they
you’ll see newsletters, blogs from volunteers, unload their burlap sacks. A lot of farmers can’t

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and pictures of all the work they’re doing all afford a horse. One man’s staggering down the
over the world. You’ll also see exactly how dirt path. He’s lugging more than 50 pounds of
much money they’ve raised for victims of coffee on his own back. My interpreter
natural disasters and where that money goes. translates. [Spanish]
Interpreter: Sometimes we do 100 pounds or
LISTENING 1 The Campaign to Humanize the more. Uh, you come here sweating, really
Coffee Trade sweating.
Activity A., D., Page 92, 93 Zwerdling: You don’t have to be an economist
Deborah Amos: Be honest: When you drop by to see that growing coffee here doesn’t buy
your local coffeehouse . . . much of a life. Picture the farmers’ homes on

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the hillsides. They’re shacks. The floors are bare more coffee than any commodity except
dirt. There’s no running water or electricity. The petroleum (and illegal drugs). But the farmers
outside walls are thin wooden planks—and it say they don’t know what happens to their
gets cold here up in the mountains. beans once they sell them to the coyote. They
The world’s coffee prices go up and down, don’t realize that he sells them to a processor;
depending partly on supply and demand and then the processor might sell them to an
speculation by big investors. But these farmers exporter. The exporter ships the beans to an
are stuck in poverty. They sell their beans to importer in another country, like the United
local businessmen whom they derisively call States. The importer sells them to a roaster. The
“coyotes,” and the coyotes pay them less than roaster sells them to a coffee shop, which sells
50 cents per pound. At that price, the farmers the coffee to you, and everybody makes a
can barely make a few hundred dollars a year. healthy profit along the way—except the small
[Spanish] farmers who grow it. [horse hooves/whinnies]
Interpreter: I mean, to produce coffee, it’s, it’s Now activists have devised a cure that they call
expensive. It’s a lot of work, and sometimes we the Fair Trade system. They say it can help
can’t even cover our costs. farmers make more money than ever before
Zwerdling: Can I ask all of you something? Do and flex some power over their lives.
you know how much somebody like me pays for [truck sounds] On a recent morning, we joined
your coffee when I go to my local coffee shop in one of the system’s organizers, a man named
Washington, D.C.? Guillermo Denaux. He’s heading to a meeting
[Spanish] with some Fair Trade farmers to see how things
Interpreter: No, we don’t know. are going. And that means that his four-wheel-
Zwerdling: So I tell them that foreign stores drive car is straining to climb an insane path
typically sell Guatemalan coffee for at least $9 next to a cliff, way up in Guatemala’s
per pound—compared to the 50 cents they get mountains.
for growing it—and the farmers just stand Guillermo Denaux: It’s the end of the world.
there, looking puzzled. Then one of them pulls a There is no more village further away. It’s
calculator out of his pocket that’s so dirty and impossible.
scratched, you can hardly see through the Zwerdling: A group of European activists
screen, and the interpreter helps him convert founded Fair Trade in the late 1980s. The
dollars into local quetzales. The farmers gasp program spread to the United States a few
when they hear the price. years ago. And here’s how it works: First,

sachtienganhhanoi.com
Interpreter: They’re just amazed at how much, they’ve signed up roughly 300 groups of coffee
how much a consumer pays for it, and they farmers from Indonesia to Peru. They’ll only
keep just saying, “Six thousand, six hundred- sign up small, family farmers who market their
something-something quetzales!”—it’s like coffee together in community co-ops—no
they’re repeating it over and over again. It’s an corporate plantations allowed. Second, they’ve
enormous difference from what they actually figured out how much money a typical farmer
get. It’s a huge amount of money. needs to support a family of five: decent food,
Zwerdling: These farmers are the poorest and clothes, kids in school, health care. And then
most powerless part of the global coffee trade. the system basically guarantees that the
And it’s a massive industry: The world trades

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farmers can sell their coffee for enough money socially responsible corporations. The first, from
per pound to achieve that. 2008, is a report on the purpose and goals of
How? Well, the companies that sell Fair Trade the UN Global Compact, an international
coffee to you at your local café buy it almost business program started by Secretary General
directly from the farmers who grow it. Denaux Koffi Annan in 1999. The second is an update
says the network cuts out the middlemen who presented by the Executive Director of the UN
traditionally siphon off farmers’ profits. Global Compact, Georg Kell, at the Business for
Denaux: Their whole lives, they depended on Peace Foundation in 2014. Please take notes
the, on the intermediaries. So once you can be, and write questions for a follow-up discussion.
become independent of those intermediaries, Narrator: In 1989, the Exxon Valdez sank off the
for them it’s very important. coast of Alaska, spilling 11 million gallons, or
Zwerdling: Still, the Fair Trade network can’t 125 Olympic swimming pools’ worth, of crude
raise all the money that farmers need just by oil into the water. Polluting 1,300 miles of
cutting out middlemen. Consumers have to coastline, the disaster, which incurred the
help, too. You pay at least 10 percent extra for world’s biggest-ever corporate fine of five
Fair Trade brands. billion U.S. dollars, has become a byword in the
media for corporate irresponsibility.
LISTENING SKILL Listening for facts and figures Since then, business has gone global as never
Activity A, Page 96 before, with foreign direct investment tripling
Reporter: Coffee is a popular beverage around to more than a trillion dollars. But as companies
the world, and its production raises many extend their reach, particularly into emerging
ethical questions. Most of the coffee, roughly economies with weaker regulations, the need
90%, is produced in third-world countries, but for responsible business practice is greater than
the market for the coffee is first-world ever before. Despite increasing scrutiny from
consumers. How much coffee? It is estimated consumers and NGOs, companies are still
that we consume over 400 billion cups per year. regularly accused of human rights abuses, poor
Most of the coffee growers in developing working practices, and environmental crimes. In
countries produce the coffee we consume. In 2000, the United Nations offered a solution to
fact, Global Exchange reports that 20 million this growing problem, the UN Global Compact,
families work in the cultivation of coffee and which asked businesses to take direct
depend on this crop to survive. Specifically, responsibility for their actions. Participating
according to The Economist, almost one third of companies follow the Global Compact’s ten

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the world's coffee (over 3 billion coffee plants) principles, which broadly safeguard human
is grown and produced in Brazil. Growing, rights, labor standards, the environment, and
harvesting, and processing coffee is a very fight corruption, in what could be described as a
labor-intensive business. United Nations of companies.
Georg Kell: Initially we started off, uh, with a
LISTENING 2 The UN Global Compact moral core. Increasingly over the last couple of
Activity A., D., Page 97, 99 years, the business case for engagement has
Professor: We are going to watch two videos in become clearer.
class today related to our recent readings on Narrator: By acting responsibly, companies can
how companies can market themselves as gain the confidence of investors, who are

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 4

increasingly backing businesses that climate change. Progress so far has been
successfully manage their environmental and significant, but this is only the beginning.
social impact. It’s said that reputation and Ban Ki-Moon: Together we can achieve a new
intangible assets determine up to 70 percent of face of globalization, one that creates inclusive
the company’s market value. and sustainable markets, builds development,
Woman/Spokesperson: Today Andrew Fastow, and enhances international cooperation.
the chief financial officer of Enron, has pled Professor: So, in order to assess the success of
guilty, has admitted his responsibility—his role the UN Global Compact, we need to know
in this collapse of Enron. where businesses stand 15 years after its
Narrator: When Enron’s irregular accounting beginning. In the previous video, Georg Kell said
practices were revealed in 2001, its share price business leaders would recognize that being
plummeted from more than 90 dollars to less proactive on social issues would be beneficial to
than 50 cents. Enron’s tattered reputation them. Have a significant number of companies
eventually bankrupted the company. On the flip joined the movement? Kell poses three
side, a good reputation can increase sales. A questions. Let's see how he answers the first
2007 report showed that household one in his speech at the Oslo summit.
expenditure on ethical goods and services in Georg Kell: [. . .] We are honored to be a
the U.K. had almost doubled in five years. partner of the Business for Peace foundation, to
Business is waking up to the fact that the contribute to spread the message, to build the
commercial potential of a responsible business momentum. Indeed the state of the union and
can be exploited. its fragility was the reason why United Nations'
Kell: Business leaders recognize that being Secretary General Koffi Annan in '99 launched
proactive on this issue has a premium. It allows the Global Compact of shared values to give
them to attract skilled people. They also global markets a human face. And, of course,
recognize new opportunities because if you are I'm very happy that Harvard discovered this
better connected on the social agenda, you spot concept ten years later. So where is the state of
market needs much better. the union between business and society today?
Narrator: And attitudes do seem to be I believe it is at the crossroads. On the one
changing. A 2007 McKinsey survey found that hand, we have seen enormous progress in the
90 percent of CEOs said they were doing more last 10 to 15 years. What started as a marginal
now to incorporate environmental, social, and movement is now becoming strategic corporate
political issues into core strategies than they practice. On the other hand, we see that

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had done five years ago. The Global Compact framework conditions are not necessarily
started with 38 companies in 13 countries. improving. We see that global warming is
Today it has 4,000 members in 120 countries. already becoming a reality, that old ideologies
[Background voice: The UN has put its own are coming back, and, on a daily basis, we are
reputation . . . ] reminded about corruption, human rights
However, the UN remains undaunted in its abuses, ecological destruction, often implicating
ambition to gather more companies under the business. [. . .]
Global Compact umbrella and to see them The first question is: Can we envision a day,
working together to tackle issues such as hopefully not in the too distant future, where
the majority of business acts responsibly and in

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a sustainable manner? The second question I

would then explore is: What are the major
barriers that hold us back in moving there? And
thirdly: What does it take to get there? So let
me take these three questions one by one. On
the first question, can we envision a day where
the majority of businesses is truly acting
responsibly? I can say today to you with great
confidence, yes, absolutely. The simple reason
is that in an increasingly interdependent and
transparent world, long-term financial success
can only happen if it evolves together hand-in-
hand with environmental and social
responsibility and sound ethics. [. . .]
I can tell you also with some pride that this
movement is already a global movement. In '99,
less than 50 companies had the courage to take
a stand on universal principles. Today, there are
8,000 active corporate participants organized in
a hundred country networks from more than
140 countries. From China to Chile, from
Mexico to India, from Iceland to South Africa
the idea of corporate responsibility has taken
root and is growing in many languages, in many
contexts. [. . .]

PRONUNCIATION Linking with final consonants

Examples, Page 106
1. They sold items made in Africa thousands of
miles away.
2. They want to take control of production.
3. They grow some of the best coffee you can
drink.
Activity A., Page 107
1. an economist
2. growing coffee

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3. special label
4. stuck in poverty
5. can’t cover costs
6. basic commodity
7. household expenditure
8. global expansion
9. climate change
10. environmental issues

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Unit 5: Sociology books, so they’re always lying all over the place.
It drives my mom crazy when I’m at home.
The Q Classroom
Teacher: I bet.
Activity B., Page 115
Marcus: But I think it makes me feel at home,
Teacher: The Unit Question is: “How do you
having my books all around me.
make a space your own?” Think about your
room right now and your old room at home.
NOTE-TAKING SKILL
What have you done to personalize those
Activity A., Page 118
spaces? How about you, Yuna?
M: Today we are going to discuss personal
Yuna: Pictures! I have pictures of my friends
space, what it means, and how technology may
and family all over my room. I even have a big
be invading it.
collage of pictures of good times with my high
To begin, the study of the ways people behave
school friends. I like to have the faces of the
and interact within a personal space is called
people I love all around me.
proxemics. We look to Edward Hall, an
Teacher: I can certainly understand that. How
American anthropologist who studied
about you, Felix? How do you make a space
proxemics, for more information. According to
your own?
Hall, a comfortable personal space, or bubble, is
Felix: Sports are very important to me, so any
considered to be about 2.5 to 4 feet around us.
space of mine reflects that. Right now I have my
If someone enters that space, we may feel
tennis racket hanging on the wall over my bed
uncomfortable or even threatened. So, how
where it’s easy to reach; I also have a couple of
then does technology affect that space? Let’s
posters of athletes that I like. I have running
look at two examples of potential invaders.
shoes and a decent set of golf clubs. At home, I
First, let’s talk about RFID tags, you know, the
have a big collection of bats and balls and even
ones that are on almost everything you buy –
a table-tennis set.
from the clothes on your body to the food you
Teacher: I haven’t seen one of those for a
eat. These tags have information on the price
while! What about you, Sophy?
and the manufacturer of the items. You would
Sophy: I think that for me the important thing
not necessarily care about that, but someone
about making a space my own is having things
outside of your personal space who has an RFID
in it from home that I find comforting. For
reader can get information on your shopping
example, I have a wonderful soft quilt from my
habits.
grandmother and a jewelry box that my dad
Second, and maybe more realistically, are the
made for me. I have a teddy bear on my bed

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GPS devices in our phones and cars. Parents
that I’ve had since I was little. I guess I would
should be happy that they can find out where
say that I make a space my own by keeping my
their young children are, but teenagers
old things there.
probably find this an invasion of their privacy. It
Teacher: What about you, Marcus? How do you
is a benefit when the police can track a
make a space your own?
potential criminal, but would you feel safe
Marcus: Hmm. I’m not much of a decorator. I
knowing a burglar could track your movements
guess mostly I make a space my own by having
and rob your home after seeing you were out of
a bunch of books there. I really like to read, and
town?
I never seem to have enough space for my

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LISTENING 1 Environmental Psychology indicate that they are taking up the space in
Activity A., C., Pages 120, 121–122 front of them to prevent face-to-face invasion.
Professor: Welcome to Lesson 15, Module 1, of In addition, we mark our territory with our
Environmental Psychology. This week I’ll be belongings, for example, putting your jacket on
introducing you to the field of environmental the chair next to you, or putting your book on
psychology, which is an area that studies the the table in the space that you feel belongs to
interrelationship between human behavior and you. In fact, 83 percent of students sit in the
environments. Environment refers to the same seat all semester during a large lecture
natural environment such as parks, natural course. This is quite remarkable. There’s
resources, and outdoor settings and built nothing really about that seat specifically that
environments, or those structures and spaces makes it theirs, but we have this very territorial
which are constructed rather than those that behavior ingrained in us.
occur naturally. Today, we’ll be concentrating Equally important, we know that when males
on characteristics of behavior and our mark their territory, these markers are taken
connection to the space around us, focusing on very seriously. If you look at desks, office space,
gender, eye contact, and our need for privacy. and seating, you’ll find that you behave in a
We know that our need for space and our very different way depending on to whom the
reactions to perceived invasion of our space are office belongs. If you enter an office and you
different for men and women. Males often believe that a male is in that office, you will
object to face-to-face invasion. Sitting directly respect the desk and office space and seating
across from a male is often more offensive to arrangement. However, females’ offices tend to
them than sitting next to him. However, be invaded and manipulated; that is, people will
females often object to adjacent invasion. This move things on the desk, play with objects on
has to do with competition versus affiliation the desk, take up their office space, choose a
goals. Males are expected to compete and different seat, move the chairs, and so on. In
women to affiliate. short, the gender of the owner affects our
It’s not necessary to affiliate with someone reaction to his or her territory.
who is sitting across from you, but if someone Another study that shows this reaction to how
sits next to you, it’s often felt that you should seriously we respect people’s territories is
engage in some affiliative behavior, if you’re a called the jacket study. In this study,
female. If you’re a male, on the other hand, an researchers put a clearly feminine or clearly
adjacent invasion is not as important as a face- masculine jacket on a chair when no one else

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to-face, or across from you, invasion. was around. They then measured who would sit
What we know is that, because these gender where and why. If it was a male jacket, people
differences exist, you can also look at where kept their distance; they sat several chairs
people put their belongings. away.
Belongings are often placed to avoid invasion. However, if it was a female jacket, people often
Females will often place their books or would move the jacket or turn it in to lost and
belongings to the side of them in a vacant seat found. They didn’t see it as a marker.
in order to force people to have to make We know that people engage in territorial
another kind of invasion. Males, on the other behavior, and males have larger territories than
hand, will often put things across from them to females. This begins when they are children. If

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 5

you ask young children, who perhaps have just There is also no reason to feel like you might be
received a bike and have begun to explore the invading someone else’s territory. However, in
neighborhood using the sidewalks, you will find Philadelphia, you can maintain a sense of
that the male children are often able to map privacy by not making eye contact with others.
out a much larger area of the place in which It’s even considered polite, and when people do
they play than females. Females typically draw make eye contact, it’s often thought to be
perhaps their block or the houses across the strange, weird, or cause for concern.
street, but not much beyond that, whereas Another form of visual intrusion is the ability to
males will often draw three or four blocks, see or be seen. This is usually seen as stressful.
sometimes even a six-block radius around their Restaurants or offices have been made to give a
own home. sense of privacy. However, even though they
You can also look at yourself in terms of add barriers or other clear panels, this does not
whether or not you are territorial. Often when decrease visual intrusion or give anyone a sense
you go to a restaurant and the server puts your of privacy. What we know about college
plate in front of you, you can’t help but touch it. students is that those who drop out are more
This is why they always warn you the plate is likely to be students who had to live in dorms
hot, because they know your instinct is to touch with roommates and use communal bathrooms
the plate. The next time you eat out, try very and showers. So, if you need an argument for
hard not to touch the plate. It’s very difficult to getting your own apartment, this could be it.
refrain from doing so, and now that I’ve made
you aware, maybe you’ll see just how territorial LISTENING SKILL Recognizing organizational
you really are. cues
Eye contact is also an indicator of how we feel Activity A., C., Page 126, 121
about personal space. One study of eye contact In addition, we mark our territory with our
was conducted in post offices in three belongings, for example, putting your jacket on
environments. Researchers looked in Parksford the chair next to you, or putting your book on
(a rural community), Bryn Mawr (a suburban the table in the space that you feel belongs to
town), and Philadelphia (a big city) and found you. In fact, 83 percent of students sit in the
that males and females within each community same seat all semester during a large lecture
typically engage in eye contact at the same course. This is quite remarkable. There’s
level. However, both genders were less likely to nothing really about that seat specifically that
make eye contact in the city, moderately likely makes it theirs, but we have this very territorial

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to do so in Bryn Mawr, and most likely to do so behavior ingrained in us.
in Parksford. That is, in Parksford at the post Equally important, we know that when males
office, you’re expected to look at everyone, say mark their territory, these markers are taken
hello even. However, in Philadelphia, you very seriously. If you look at desks, office space,
should not make very much eye contact, and and seating, you’ll find that you behave in a
only about 10 percent of people did. This is a very different way depending on to whom the
way of maintaining space. In a rural area such as office belongs. If you enter an office and you
Parksford, you often feel that you have enough believe that a male is in that office, you will
space and you aren’t being threatened, so respect the desk and office space and seating
there’s no need to be territorial. arrangement. However, females’ offices tend to

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 5

be invaded and manipulated; that is, people will places like people’s personal spaces, their
move things on the desk, play with objects on offices or their living spaces.
the desk, take up their office space, choose a Conan: Mhm. And not just what they are, but
different seat, move the chairs, and so on. In the way they’re arranged. For example, if the
short, the gender of the owner affects our family pictures look out to the guest in the
reaction to his or her territory. office or, um, or inward to, uh, to the person
Activity B., Page 126 who occupies it.
1. Students who decorate their dorm rooms Gosling: Yeah. It’s really crucial to combine not
tend to be happier at school. More importantly only what they are, but how they’ve been
2. We found teenagers who put a lot of placed. Because how they’ve been placed gives
surprising information on the Internet. Actually us good information on the psychological
3. There’s a stereotype that men like to wash function that they serve. So if we have photos
their cars every weekend. In addition, of, say, our family and our beautiful spouse
4. What kind of car we buy might reveal only a facing us, that shows us, it’s for our own
part of our personality. That is, benefit. Um, it’s what you might call a social
5. So it is clear that gender plays a role in snack, something we can snack on to make
territorial behavior. Moving on, ourselves feel better over the day. If it’s turned
6. Eye contact, visual intrusion, and territorial the other way, then it’s more for the benefit of
behavior are all evidence of ways humans others, which doesn’t mean it’s disingenuous. It
interact with their surroundings. In conclusion, may not be trying to pull the wool over people’s
eyes, but it, uh, informs the function that the
LISTENING 2 What Your Stuff Says About You photo serves.
Activity A., C., Page 128, 129 Conan: Sam Gosling studies personality by
Neal Conan, Host: This is Talk of the Nation. I’m looking at stuff. Stuff in offices, bedrooms, cars,
Neal Conan in Washington. The framed items and bathrooms. What’s there and how it’s
on the wall of my office include my FCC third- arranged can provide clues about who we are
class radio telephone operator’s license from and what’s important to us. So we want you to
1973 and the New York Times crossword puzzle call or email us and describe the room or the
from the day my name was used as a clue. car you’re in right now. What’s on the wall or
There’s a baseball on my desk, not signed or the desk, the bumper stickers, your radio
anything, just a baseball. Some toys sit on top of presets. Our phone number is 800-989-8255.
the speaker: a beach chair with a life preserver, Email us, talk@npr.org. You can also join the

sachtienganhhanoi.com
a double-decker London bus, and a corkboard conversation on our blog at
has family pictures, John F. Kennedy behind the npr.org/blogofthenation.
wheel of a PT-109, and a postcard of Giants Later on in the show, the romance and
Stadium in New Jersey. Sam Gosling, are those monotony involved in real archeology. But first,
few things enough to tell you anything about Sam Gosling. He’s an associate professor of
what kind of person I am? psychology at the University of Texas in Austin.
Sam Gosling: Yeah, they certainly could tell us a His new book is called Snoop: What Your Stuff
lot. There’s a lot of information, a lot of it not so Says About You, and he joins us today from the
obvious, but there’s a lot of information in studios of member station KUT in Austin.
Thanks very much for coming in.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 5

Gosling: Pleasure. Conan: And so we size people up as soon as we

Conan: And your book is called Snoop, because see them, as soon as we shake their hand, for
that’s what you propose to teach us what to do. example.
Gosling: Yeah. Snooping around people’s, uh, Gosling: Yeah, as soon as we shake their hand.
places, and I should say that I construe, uh, And there’s a—you know, the handshaking has
“places” very broadly. Not only our, our physical been a part of etiquette books for years and
environments but our aural environments, too, years and years, but it was only recently that it
our virtual environments like our, our personal was really subjected to a really rigorous study.
home pages or our Facebook profile. So if And there was a study done by Bill Chaplin in
people, if people who want to call in want to 2000 which looked at exactly that. It looked at
talk more broadly about spaces, that would be what can you learn about someone from a
fun, too. handshake.
Conan: And of course, to figure out what Conan: And sometimes, it’s, it’s interesting, uh,
personality type—what stuff tells you about you can learn something about it but you can
you, you have to know what personality types also come to a conclusion that’s, easily wrong.
are to begin with. Introvert, extrovert, are two Gosling: Right. That’s the point, yes. For
that I guess everybody knows about. example, taking the example of handshaking, if
Gosling: That’s right. And there are a number of somebody, uh, grips your hand firmly and looks
ways of thinking about personality. And, uh, you you in the eye, uh, and smiles as they’re doing
can think about personality traits, which is what it, then we form an overall positive impression
most research has done on it, and within that of them. We, we form all kinds of positive
domain there’s, uh, the, uh, system known as things. Yet it turns out that the handshaking,
the “Big Five,” or the “five-factor framework,” uh, firmness is only a clue to some traits. So we
which talks about these different traits. As you are going beyond the evidence. And so, it’s
say, introversion–extroversion is the main one, really important to know which are valid clues
but there are other important ones, too. and which ones are misleading.
Conan: And how did you get interested in this? Conan: And in the clip of tape that we heard at
Are you a natural-born snoop? the beginning of the program and, uh,
Gosling: Well, I think we’re all natural-born throughout your book, you use the example of
snoops. And, I mean, some of us are more Agatha Christie’s great detective, Hercule
curious than others. But I think we all do Poirot.
because it’s crucial. If you think, who, who are Gosling: That’s right, because it’s really

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the people who are—what is the element of the important—you know, if I had one wish, one
environment that’s most important to us in wish in the world, it would be that one clue told
terms of, of how well we get on in terms of you something about a person. If you had a
professional lives and personal lives? It’s other stuffed teddy on your bed, it meant something,
people. So I think we’re naturally attuned to you know. But the world is more complicated
picking up on whatever information is out than that. So unfortunately, it doesn’t work like
there, and there is a lot of information out that because there are many reasons why we
there in people’s spaces. So I think we all do it. might have, say, a stuffed animal on our bed or
something like that. And so really, you can’t use
a codebook approach where x means y. What

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you have to do is you have to build up a picture because there are many reasons why we might
piece by piece, and sometimes you only have a have say a stuffed animal on our bed or
very little piece and you have to hold your view something like that. And so really you can’t use
very tentatively. But that will, that will guide a codebook approach where x means y. What
your search for more information. you have to do is you have to build up a picture
Conan: So that postcard of Giants Stadium, piece by piece and sometimes you only have a
well, it could tell you that I’m a Giants fan, very little piece and you have to hold your view
which is true, but it could also tell you I grew up very tentatively. But that will that will guide
in New Jersey. your search for more information.
Gosling: It could, or it could tell you—it might
have sentimental meaning. Who is it from? Is it Unit Assignment Consider the Ideas
from somebody important? And so in order to Page 139
resolve that, what we would do is we would Host: Our special guest today is Dr. Hill, a
look for other clues. So the baseball there psychologist. She’s going to help people resolve
would begin to help us resolve the meaning of conflicts that arise around issues of personal
the, of the, um, uh, the postcard itself. We space. First, she’ll be talking with Dan and
might also see, well, these other items, the Jason, two roommates from the University of
crossword puzzle, these other things which, Texas who share an on-campus apartment.
which might modify the meaning that, which Welcome, Dr. Hill, and welcome, Dan and Jason.
helps us resolve— OK, so maybe recognition is Dr. Hill: Thank you for having me.
important. We learn that you’re somewhat Dan: Yeah, thanks.
sentimental. And that helps us clarify the Jason: Hi. Thanks.
meaning of each clue. Dr. Hill: So, Dan and Jason, you two have been
friends a long time?
PRONUNCIATION: Thought Groups Dan: Yeah, we’ve been friends since middle
Examples, Page 136 school. Since we both got accepted at UT, we
The psychologist / said the lecturer / tries to decided to room together.
understand social behavior. Jason: That was our first mistake.
“The psychologist,” said the lecturer, “tries to Dr. Hill: That’s a pretty strong reaction. Why
understand social behavior.” don’t you tell us about the problem?
The psychologist said / the lecturer / tries to Jason: Well, even though we were friends, we’d
understand social behavior. never lived together, so I didn’t realize that Dan

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The psychologist said, “The lecturer tries to would consider the whole apartment his
understand social behavior.” domain. I mean, I knew he was kind of an
Activity A., Page 136 extrovert, but I didn’t think he’d have people
Dr. Gosling: That’s right because it’s really over all the time.
important you know if I had one wish one wish There’s always somebody coming over to the
in the world it would be that one clue told you apartment. I don’t have time to study or, or just
something about a person. If you had a stuffed to think, you know?
teddy on your bed it meant something you Dr. Hill: So are you saying that if you had known
know. But the world is more complicated than that, you wouldn’t have roomed with him?
that. So unfortunately it doesn’t work like that Jason: Yeah, that sounds about right.

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Dr. Hill: Dan, do you have anything to add?

Dan: Right, well, I didn’t come to college just to
study. I came to meet people. Sometimes I have
study groups over, and we just want to stay up
all night talking about the stuff we learn in class.
Jason: If you want Dr. Hill to help us resolve the
problem, maybe you should mention that while
you are “studying,” you’re also listening to the
radio and making a lot of noise.
Dan: OK, if you weren’t hiding in your room
studying all the time, you could come out and
join the conversation.
Dr. Hill: Yikes. OK. Well, obviously it’s a good
thing the two of you decided to seek help since
this kind of situation can not only cause living
problems but might also ruin your long
friendship if they are not solved. Now let’s turn
to the solutions. Have you thought about . . .

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 6

Unit 6: Marketing Thomas Edison saw the same world

everyone else did, but somehow they were
The Q Classroom
able to look at it in a new way; this helped
Activity B., Page 142
them get really creative ideas.
Teacher: We’re going to be talking about
Teacher: That’s true. It would be interesting
alternative thinking. The Unit Question is:
to talk to one of them about how they got
“Where do new ideas come from?” So think
their ideas, wouldn’t it?
about yourselves for a moment. If you’re
working on a problem, and you’re stuck,
how do you come up with a new idea? LISTENING 1 Alternative Ideas in Medicine
Marcus: For me the key is taking my mind Activity A., C., Page 146, 147
off the problem for a while. Let’s say I’m Narrator: Report 1: Doc-in-a-Box?
stuck for an idea on an essay or Reporter: In this country, when we get sick
something—that means I need to get out we usually get to see a doctor or a nurse.
and do something physical. I go out and But in most developing countries, there’s a
take a walk, and when I come back, I seem huge shortage of both. Pulitzer Prize–
to have a whole new set of ideas. winning science writer Laurie Garrett was
Teacher: What do you think, Yuna? Where thinking about this problem and flipping
do your new ideas come from? through an architectural magazine when
Yuna: I have the same experience as she came up with a novel idea.
Marcus. Taking a break is important. I also Laurie Garrett: There was a description of a
think it’s good to talk to people. place called “Container City” in London in
Felix: Yes, I second that. Sometimes when which shipping containers, painted in
two people who can’t solve a problem on primary colors, had been stacked in unusual
their own start talking, the answer just ways to create apartment buildings. And I, I
seems to come up between them. That has simply thought of it at that moment and a
happened to me many times. My friend little sort of “bingo” light bulb went off in
says something that gives me part of an my head. This might be the way to solve a
idea, and then my part of an idea gives him lot of our global health problems—by
even more of an idea, and so on. It’s really converting these abandoned shipping
great to talk to people when you need containers into frontline medical clinics.
ideas. Reporter: A so-called Doc-in-a-Box could be
Teacher: Sophy, how would you answer the transported to remote villages, far from

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question? Where do new ideas come from? health-care centers.
Sophy: Sometimes people have new ideas Garrett: Instead of having to trek enormous
because they look at the problem in a distances spanning a day or two just in
completely different way. I guess that’s why travel to get to a health clinic, you would be
talking to friends and taking breaks helps able to squeeze this into your daily routine
you solve problems—because they cause to come in and be tested for a wide array of
you to look at them in new ways. But I think infectious diseases and have your kids
some people just have the ability to do that immunized as a matter of routine.
naturally. People like Albert Einstein and Reporter: Garrett says there are empty
shipping containers in almost every port in

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 6

the world; each one could be converted can be tricky to travel with them, especially
into a Doc-in-a-Box. on a plane. So when she left her home on
Garrett: Ministries of Health, or non- Long Island recently to come to North
governmental organizations, would be Carolina, she had several hundred
operating these networks of Doc-in-a- honeybees mailed to her here. They arrived
Boxes. And that they would have selected in little wooden boxes with perforated
paramedics from the very villages that they plastic tops, each about the size of a
serve. Uh, the most obvious reservoir is Snickers bar. Inside each box wiggled 40
midwives, who already, uh, operate as honeybees that amazingly didn’t try to get
paramedics all over the world. away when the box was opened. Keller is a
Reporter: The idea for the Doc-in-a-Box is beekeeper and an acupuncturist. She
still in its early stages. A prototype clinic combines her two trades.
was developed in Haiti earlier this year. Frederique Keller: You sting a person with a
While it cost about $5,000 to put together, live honeybee in specific places on the body
Garrett says that cost could be even less. where people have pain or discomfort.
Garrett: We see no reason why, if Hoban: Keller calls her practice
retrofitting is done on a mass scale and if apipuncture: acupuncture using bee stings
the retrofitting is done in a developing instead of needles. Apis is the Latin word
country port, such as in Durban, South for bee, so apitherapy becomes the word to
Africa, these containers couldn’t come in describe medical therapies using products
for well under $1,500 apiece—including the from the beehive.
delivery cost. Keller: Honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly,
Reporter: Laurie Garrett, who now works beeswax, and bee venom, of course.
with the Council on Foreign Relations, Hoban: Keller was here for the annual
hopes governments and aid organizations meeting of the American Apitherapy Society
will take her idea and run with it. She in Durham a couple of weeks ago. She
believes the container clinics, ultimately, demonstrated bee venom therapy during a
could make portable medicine a reality for session for about a dozen people who
people in countries that need it most. practically buzzed with excitement as they
Narrator: Report 2: Bee Sting Therapy waited to get stung.
Host: Of the many alternative medical Keller: There you go. There’s a beautiful
therapies gaining popularity, one is getting sting there.

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a lot of buzz. Some folks claim honeybees Hoban: Keller is also the vice president of
and all their products are useful for the AAS. The organization is dedicated to
everything from cancer prevention to pain research and application of bee-based
treatment. It’s an ancient alternative therapies for a variety of ailments, from
therapy that’s coming back into use. cancer to digestive problems to
Practitioners and enthusiasts for all things autoimmune diseases such as multiple
apiary met in the Triangle recently. Rose sclerosis. There isn’t a lot of research on
Hoban reports. some of these areas, and mainstream
Rose Hoban: Frederique Keller always doctors are reluctant to talk about
makes sure she’s got bees with her. But it apitherapy.

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But Andrew Cokin is a pain management to come here. He’s a lawyer, a former state
doctor who practices outside of Los Angeles legislator, and a beekeeper. He says the
and frequently uses bee venom to treat state’s 10,000 beekeepers should embrace
pain. He says it works most of the time, apitherapy.
although he’s unsure of how it works. He Fountain Odom: We believe that there are
says there are several theories. tremendous opportunities for the
Andrew Cokin: One of the mechanisms is beekeepers of this state to develop some of
that bee venom causes the release of the ancient modalities for medical
cortisol, which is the body’s own natural treatment of pain and other uses. These are
anti-inflammatory, from the adrenal gland. some alternatives that are very, very
And that’s been shown in some animal inexpensive.
experiments but hasn’t really been verified Hoban: Odom started getting stung to treat
in humans yet. the arthritis he has in his foot and knee. He
Hoban: Cokin says another theory holds says it took his family and friends a little bit
that some compounds in bee venom might of time to get used to the idea.
affect how the body transmits pain signals Odom: They might look at you askance or
to the brain, but it’s hard to know for sure. say, “Uh, you know, you’re kind of flaky,
Cokin’s been trying for years to do formal aren’t you? I mean, why would you want to
research in the U.S., but recently had a be stung by a bee?”
study protocol denied by the FDA. Hoban: But now Odom’s a true believer. He
Researchers studying the use of bee venom says getting stung is the only thing that
are mostly in Asia and in some Eastern helps him with his pain. He’s also convinced
European countries where use of bee his wife, and that’s a big deal, since she’s
products has a strong tradition. the state secretary for Health and Human
Cokin: Bee venom has been used as a Services. Carmen Hooker Odom says she’s
treatment since the time of the Greeks and seen apitherapy work out well for her
for at least 2,000, 3,000 years in Chinese husband, but the state’s probably not going
medicine. to start reimbursing for apitherapy anytime
Hoban: Cokin says there’s lots of anecdotal soon.
evidence. Rose Hoban, North Carolina Public Radio,
Cokin: People find out about this by WUNC.
themselves. I’ve had patients in the last 20

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years who told me that relatives of theirs, LISTENING SKILL Distinguishing between
older relatives working in the garden, had facts and opinions
accidently got stung on their hands by a Examples, Page 150
bee, and their arthritis got better. And so Narrator: Facts:
they would go out periodically and get Cokin: Bee venom has been used as a
stung by a bee to keep their arthritis under treatment since the time of the Greeks and
control. for at least 2,000, 3,000 years in Chinese
Hoban: One of the biggest boosters of medicine.
apitherapy in North Carolina is Fountain Narrator: Opinions:
Odom, who invited the Apitherapy Society

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 6

Odom: We believe that there are the same time. Thousands of people suffer
tremendous opportunities for the from tired legs, but now there is relief.
beekeepers of this state to develop some of Listen to what some of our satisfied
the ancient modalities for medical customers have to say.
treatment of pain and other uses. These are Customer 1: I’m a busy of mother of four,
some alternatives that are very, very and I’ve been using this product for two
inexpensive. years. I’ve tried vitamins and other
Activity A., Page 151 alternative therapies, but nothing worked—
1. I think using herbal remedies to treat until Go-Cream. It’s definitely the most
diseases is unreliable. effective product out there and a deal at
2. You can find many hypnotists advertising only $9.99 a jar.
online. Customer 2: I believe Go-Cream is for
3. The first Doc-in-a-Box was developed in people of all ages. My friends and I are
Haiti and cost $5,000. students, and we’re always on the go.
4. Even though the first container cost a lot, We’ve all tried Go-Cream and noticed a big
Garrett believes future costs could be less. difference in our energy. And it probably
5. The state’s 10,000 beekeepers should even helps make your skin smoother and
embrace apitherapy. healthier, too.
6. Cokin reports that bee venom works Speaker: Don’t get left behind. Order your
most of the time for his patients. Go-Cream today!
7. Apipuncture is based on acupuncture, a
traditional Chinese remedy. NOTE-TAKING SKILL Taking notes on
8. These alternative ideas are so process and development
inexpensive they probably don’t work. Activity A., B., Page 153
9. The best solutions are based on past As an opening story to inspire us as we
protocols. begin this Triple I conference, Intelligent
10. Anecdotal evidence is sometimes used Innovative Inventions for you newcomers,
in scientific research. let me tell you about the alternative
Activity B., Pages 151–152 thinking of a young man in Canada. Kyle
Speaker: Have you noticed that your legs McDonald had what most of us would agree
get tired in the middle of the day? Do you was a crazy idea of trading something small
wish you could keep going when your body for something big. In 2005, he was sitting in

sachtienganhhanoi.com
wants you to sit down? Do you have trouble front of his computer when he remembered
keeping up with other people—or with life a childhood trading game based on exactly
in general? Our amazing product, Go- that idea. He looked around on his desk and
Cream, is the answer you’ve been looking decided to start with . . . a red paperclip.
for. It offers the absolute best solution for Today, he has a house. Did he have a
tired legs and low energy. After just one brilliant idea, a perfect method, or was he
application of this energizing leg cream, you just lucky?
should be convinced. Made from the oils of First, McDonald posted a picture of his red
the Brazil nut and sand from the beaches of paperclip in an online classified ad. In it he
Hawaii, Go-Cream soothes and energizes at wrote: I'm going to make a continuous

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 6

chain of 'up trades' until I get a house. Or an were trying to get their kids to bike to
Island. Or a house on an island." Two days school. The kids weren’t wild about the
later, two women offered to exchange a idea, and so their parents created punch
pen for the paperclip. For a few months, he cards, like the kind you get at a coffee shop
traded up to items like a doorknob and a or sub place. And when the cards were all
camping stove. Eventually, he got a glass punched, meaning the kids had biked
snow globe from a famous rock star. What consistently, there was a reward. Well, the
happened to the snow globe? After a while, frequent biker, or “Freiker” concept, caught
a movie director who wanted the snow on. Tim Carlin is one of the two dads who
globe so badly traded McDonald a part in started this. He’s now Freiker’s executive
his movie for it. How did he finally end up director. And he told me how this grew
with the house? Did it happen in just a few from a handful of kids at Crestview
weeks? No, getting from a paperclip to a Elementary School in Boulder into an
house took over a year of what some call international program.
‘hard work.’ A small town in Canada ended Tim Carlin: The way it got started was, he
up trading McDonald for the right to cast and I were doing punch cards for our kids.
the movie role he had gotten for the snow And then, we saw some other kids who
globe and gave him a house in exchange. In were riding, and we told them “oh, well we
the future, that town is planning on building could do a punch card for you.” And then
a huge paperclip and hopes it will attract some other kids started riding, and then we
tourists. had punch cards for them. And pretty soon
A year before, McDonald had been a low- we had 25, 30 kids every morning arriving at
paid salesman. A few years later, he was the bike racks taking part in this totally
writing a book about his experience. Was impromptu punch card system.
his big idea trading for a paperclip or using Warner: And what did punched cards get
the Internet to connect to people and get you? What was the reward?
free publicity? We are still using his story to Carlin: OK, we had a variety of incentives,
remind us how far someone can get even sort of ranging from things as simple as a
with a small idea and no money. pencil to water bottles and to other trinkets
that he would bring to school in a, uh,
LISTENING 2 Boulder Bike-to-School duffel bag. And then the kids would have
Program Goes International the opportunity, ah, when they had ten

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Activity A., C., Pages 154, 155 punches, to reach into that bag and grab
Ryan Warner: You’re tuned to Colorado whatever interested them.
Matters, from KCFR news. I’m Ryan Warner. Warner: Excitement of a grab bag!
These days, kids are far more likely to get to Carlin: Exactly.
school in their parents’ car than by biking or Warner: And, and um, the program has
walking. Well, a program in Boulder is gotten more sophisticated, suffice it to say.
designed to change that, and it’s catching Carlin: Yes. As we moved past 25, 30 kids, it
on in schools across the country and in became really complicated—
Canada. But it didn’t start out with that Warner: Yeah.
lofty goal. No, it started when two parents

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Carlin: —to keep track of punching cards, pretty, pretty substantial commitment on
and who had a punch card. And of course, the kids’ part and a pretty outrageous
we’re talking about young kids, so they incentive.
have a, had a tendency to lose their punch Warner: So at Crestview, where this
cards. So, we wrapped up that school year, program began, how many kids participate,
that was the spring of 2004, ah, with a you know, on a regular basis?
punch card system, and for the fall of 2005 Carlin: Yeah, we’re seeing, um, roughly
we came out with a bar code system. And, about 100 to 120 kids participating every
so what we did is we bar-coded every kid’s day in the program. And that’s out of a
bike. And when the kids rode, ah, the bikes community of about 250 kids who could get
would be parked at the bike rack, and one themselves to school every day. So that’s
of, ah, us would walk through all the bikes pretty neat; about half the kids at the
and scan them and then upload that data to school who can are getting themselves to
the Internet. school every day.
Warner: Now, Tim, that’s a leap. I mean, Warner: And, uh, Freiker has grown well
that’s a technological advancement, suffice beyond Crestview.
it to say. Carlin: That’s right. Ah, we’ve grown into
Carlin: OK, so, me and the other guy are quite a few states now. We have, ah, units
both from the high-tech industry. installed at McFarland, Wisconsin;
Warner: OK. Platteville, Wisconsin; Eugene, Oregon; Los
Carlin: And so it sort of came natural to us Altos, California. And a couple systems
to think of a technology solution. actually up in Canada now, which we’re
Warner: So, as the technology got more very excited about. And I might also add
sophisticated, did the rewards? that we also include walkers now, um, as
Carlin: Ah, the rewards did get more part of the program since then, since the
sophisticated. So, once we felt that we had original days.
a really good day-to-day tracking system, Warner: That is, a way of getting to school
we, um, well, Rob, the guy who, ah, really that uses your own energy.
started the program, decided that, um, Carlin: Yeah, we call it—
“Why don’t we shoot for the moon and Warner: Is that, is that the idea?
offer a crazy incentive?” And, ah, his crazy Carlin: Yeah, the buzzword is “active
incentive was an iPod. And so the deal was transportation.”

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if you rode over 90 percent of the days to Warner: OK.
school, you could win an iPod. Carlin: And the idea is that it’s an inclusive
Warner: And, so it wasn’t just one iPod— term that includes skateboarding, um,
Carlin: Oh, no— bikes, walking, anything a kid uses to propel
Warner: Anyone who did this— themselves to school on their own power.
Carlin: Exactly. Warner: You’re listening to Colorado
Warner: OK. Matters. I’m Ryan Warner and Tim Carlin is
Carlin: Yeah, and so, ah, you know, that was our guest. He’s executive director of
upwards of um, ah, 30 kids a year riding Freiker. It’s a frequent biker program. Born
over 160 days a year to school. So it was in Boulder and spreading not only across

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the country, but beyond, beyond the have been out there doing punch cards or
borders. Ah, I imagine you’ll have to change scanning bikes, that person can be inside
the name if you keep encouraging walking helping kids learn how to read, or focusing
and, and— their, uh, efforts on some other activity.
Carlin: That’s right, so we’re in the process Warner: So who’s paying for this? I mean is
of, uh, coming up with a new name because it, is it the school, or, you know, how does it
obviously, uh, we’ve grown beyond our work?
original, uh, beginning name. Carlin: Well, there are, there are a variety of
Warner: I gather that there has to be some ways that this program’s being funded. Um,
infrastructure in place at a school to make again, there’s a federal program called Safe
this possible. Routes to School. Local communities can,
Carlin: Yeah. As I described earlier, we um, submit grant requests to get a Freiker
started out with punch cards; then we went system as part of safe routes to school. But
to bar codes. We now have a very high-tech in some places a local bike store has funded
solution. Um, a device that is out in the, um, it. In Los Altos, California, they have a
bike rack area, um, that we call the community group called Green Town Los
“freikometer.” Altos. And Freiker is one of the four
Warner: OK. programs that that community group is
Carlin: And this is a solar-powered, focusing on. And so they’re using their
Internet-enabled RFID reader. And RFID fund-raising dollars to buy more systems
stands for radio frequency ID. And, um, and implement it at all the elementary and
they’re very common these days in middle schools in town.
products you buy at stores like Walmart. Warner: Well, Tim, thank you so much for
They’re actually embedded in the product; sharing this story with us.
CDs have ’em, books have ’em. Basically Carlin: Oh, you’re welcome. Thank you for
everything you buy, ah, not only has a bar having me.
code on the back, but also has an RFID, ah, Warner: Tim Carlin is executive director of
chip in it, which identifies the product, ah, Boulder-based Freiker, or Frequent Biker
through radio instead of through optical Program.
scanning.
Warner: And, and what that means is that Vocabulary Skill Idioms and informal
the kid really doesn’t have to do much but expressions

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park his or her bike. Activity B., Pages 160–161
Carlin: That’s exactly right. So, using the bar 1. Rose Hoban: But now Odom’s a true
code system, we had to have a volunteer believer. He says getting stung is the only
there every day of the week, scanning each thing that helps him with his pain. He’s also
individual bike. Now the kid simply rides by convinced his wife, and that’s a big deal,
the freikometer, and it automatically since she’s the state secretary for Health
records and uploads their data. That and Human Services.
relieves the program from having to have a 2. Rose Hoban: Keller was here for the
volunteer out there every day. And now annual meeting of the American Apitherapy
that same parent volunteer who would

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Society in Durham a couple of weeks ago. We wouldn’t have been happy with that
She demonstrated bee venom therapy answer.
during a session for about a dozen people Activity A., Page 164
who practically buzzed with excitement as 1. He couldn’t have known who she was.
they waited to get stung. 2. You should have tried to call me!
3. Fountain Odom: They might look at you 3. The program would have been a success.
askance or say, “Uh, you know, you’re kind 4. My boss wouldn’t have supported such
of flaky, aren’t you? I mean, why would you an innovative idea.
want to be stung by a bee?” 5. The medical clinic shouldn’t have closed.
4. Laurie Garrett: There was a description 6. You shouldn’t have given up on that
of a place called “Container City” in London problem so soon.
in which shipping containers, painted in 7. I still think he could have tried to work
primary colors, had been stacked in unusual with me.
ways to create apartment buildings. And I, I 8. Even a grant wouldn’t have made any
simply thought of it at that moment and a difference.
little sort of “bingo” light bulb went off in Activity B., Page 164
my head. 1. A: Did you read about that woman who
5. Narrator: Laurie Garrett, who now works tried bee sting therapy? That’s crazy! I
with the Council on Foreign Relations, wouldn’t have done something like that.
hopes governments and aid organizations Would you?
will take her idea and run with it. She B: Well, I’m not sure. I would have
believes the container clinics, ultimately, researched it first, of course. I wouldn’t
could make portable medicine a reality for have dismissed it without finding out about
people in countries that need it most. it, though.
6. Tim Carlin: So, once we felt that we had a A: I wonder if it helped her at all. Perhaps
really good day-to-day tracking system, we, she should have gone to a conventional
um, well Rob, the guy who, ah, really doctor.
started the program, decided that, um B: But the article said that her arthritis was
“Why don’t we shoot for the moon and completely cured. Maybe you should have
offer a crazy incentive?” And, ah, his crazy finished reading it.
incentive was an iPod. 2. A: I went to an amazing conference on
alternative medicine yesterday. You should

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PRONUNCIATION Conditional modals: have been there. You would have loved it.
affirmative and negative B: I know, but I had a big test to study for. If
Examples, Page 164 I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed.
I could have told her. What did I miss?
I couldn’t have told her. A: Well, the best part was this guy who
You should have come on Sunday. talked about using shark fin extract to help
You shouldn’t have come on Sunday. boost your immune system. I wouldn’t have
We would have been happy with that imagined that was possible. But he
answer. convinced me and even gave out some free
samples.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 6

B: Really? Maybe if I had been there, I could designed by a bunch of engineering

have tried one of those shark fin samples. I students at the MIT Media Lab. Whenever
think I’m getting a cold. you take your credit card out of your wallet,
the microchip alarm inside turns on and
Unit Assignment Consider the Ideas goes like this. And hey, that buzzing sound
Activity A., Page 166 won’t stop ‘til you put it back! It’s the
Speaker: Ladies and gentlemen, a group of ultimate in credit card safety and protection
talented young engineers at the MIT Media against identity theft. Go online and order
Lab have designed an innovative product, yours now.
the latest advance in personal security: the
Vibrating Wallet. We all know that credit
card loss, which can often lead to identity
theft, is on the rise. Statistics reveal that 10
percent of credit card users have left their
cards behind in a store or dropped them
while traveling, at least once. The Vibrating
Wallet integrates the vibration of a cell
phone with a standard wallet. The signal is
activated whenever a credit card leaves the
wallet and is only deactivated upon
replacement. The reminder signal is
transmitted until a credit card is replaced in
the holder. We believe this product is light-
years ahead of other personal security
devices that are currently on the market,
and we believe it will quickly catch on. We
need some help financing this product in
order to get it off the ground, and we urge
you to consider investing in the future of
personal security.
Speaker: OK, guys, here’s the deal. We’ve
all had the experience of losing a credit

sachtienganhhanoi.com
card. You know, we’re getting ready to pay,
and we grab our wallet, and then—uh-oh,
we find out the card’s gone! You freak out,
right? OK, so maybe it like turns up later at
some store, or on the floor of your car, or
whatever. Or maybe it doesn’t. Maybe
someone’s already out buying stuff with it,
charging it up. Now we’re talking major
panic mode, right? So check this out. The
Vibrating Wallet. It’s an awesome product,

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 7

Unit 7: Cultural Studies They probably have neighbors they like and a
shopping market they like and a home they’re
The Q Classroom
comfortable in. What someone on the outside
Activity B., Page 171
might see as a good opportunity might not
Teacher: Class, the Unit Question is, “How do
really be a good deal for them.
people react to change?” What about you,
Teacher: Well put, Felix!
Felix? How do you react to change?
Felix: Badly. [laughs] I’m kidding. But it does
LISTENING 1 The Reindeer People
take me a while to adjust when I move or go to
Activity A., C., Pages 175, 176
a new school or get a new job. I like the feeling
Narrator: We were all once nomads; but in the
when I know where everything is and when I
central Asian nation of Mongolia, many of the
know the people around me, so I’m happiest
people still are. Herders are constantly on the
when I get settled into a place. I tend to be kind
move, finding fresh grasses for their animals.
of uncomfortable at first after a big change.
Mongolia’s geography, a boundless wilderness
Marcus: Not me. To me, change is exciting. I
with soil that can’t sustain agriculture, forces
love it when I’m starting something new and
people to embrace the nomadic life. Sanjeem is
have new people to meet and new places to
a nomadic reindeer herder. He and his people
explore. I kind of get bored if everything stays
are caught between two worlds. Theirs, and one
the same.
in which Mongolia’s urban elite calls on nomads
Teacher: What about people in general? How
to settle.
do most people react to change? Are they like
Sanjeem sits, mounted on one reindeer, and
Felix or like Marcus? What do you think, Sophy?
drives about 50 others with coats of white and
Sophy: My guess is that more people are like
mottled charcoal up a rock-strewn grassy slope.
Felix—they find it hard to change. And when
Sanjeem (via interpreter): Our ancestors have
they get older, it gets even more difficult. My
herded reindeer here in mountains of Mongolia
parents wouldn’t want to move even if they had
for generations. We keep our animals here, and
a good opportunity in a different area. They’re
we actually follow our reindeer where they
too comfortable where they are.
want to go because the environment and the
Teacher: What do you think, Yuna? How do
climate are perfectly suited to our reindeer.
people react to change?
This is the basis of our culture.
Yuna: I agree with Sophy. I think most people
Narrator: Sanjeem’s an elder within a group of
don’t like change. At my job, they put in a new
207 people, 44 families. Every few weeks he
computer program. It was really good, but a lot

sachtienganhhanoi.com
moves camp in the Taiga, a vast expanse of
of people hated it for a long time because it was
mountains, forest, and ice straddling Mongolia’s
different.
border with Siberia. Today, though, Sanjeem is
Felix: Well, I can accept change perfectly well if
worried. When Mongolia’s communist
it’s for a good reason. I don’t think I would be
government was toppled by a democratic
like Yuna’s co-workers, complaining about
revolution in the 1990s, his state salary was
something good just because it’s new.
withdrawn.
However, I do think change for its own sake can
Sanjeem (via interpreter): Under communism,
be overrated these days. Look at Sophy’s
there was a policy of taking care of everyone.
parents—why should they ever want to move?
There was less poverty there. Personally, I

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 7

prefer democracy, but we are a young by jeep then eight hours by horse—from the
democracy, and some of us are not managing to capital to visit Sanjeem and his herd. She’s here
make a living. on vacation, working with two American NGOs.
Narrator: Herders and their families are trying Biologist Morgan Kay of Colorado heads the
to cope. With the end of state subsidies, free NGO Itgel, the Mongolian word for hope.
veterinary care ended. A reindeer is milked on a Morgan Kay: Modernity has many faces, and if
flat patch of frozen ground beside a teepee. we learn nothing from encountering these
Reindeer milk, cheese, and yogurt are staples of people, at least let us remember that the way
the Taiga diet. we choose to live in the West is only one way,
Smoke from a wood stove escapes through the and it’s still possible for people even in the
open top of the tent. The sweet aroma of twenty-first century to be living a subsistence,
juniper incense fuses with the smell of musky balanced lifestyle that leaves them at the mercy
canvas. Yudoon, a wind-burnt reindeer herder of natural forces that we’ve become totally
in his mid-30s, watches the fire. He and his wife, separate from.
Uyumbottom, have a decision to make. Narrator: Herder Sanjeem still has hope.
Yudoon (via interpreter): Honestly, I’m not sure Sanjeem (via interpreter): As long as we can
our reindeer and our reindeer culture will continue earning our living by ways of reindeer,
continue to exist. I really don’t know what will our culture will survive. Myself and other elders
happen to us. The number of families trying to always tell the young people how to herd the
leave the taiga is increasing, while the size of reindeer properly. That is the obligation the
our reindeer herd is decreasing, due to disease older generation must fulfill to the younger
and attacks by wolves. So I’m not sure we can generation.
expand our herd to the point it would support Narrator: Herders know they’re at a critical
the families. moment. They can settle. But Sanjeem says that
Narrator: But Yudoon’s wife, Uyumbottom, isn’t would be the end of who they are as a people,
willing to give up. She’s just returned from the and that’s a thought he can’t even
capital, Ulaanbaatar. She went to parliament contemplate.
and met government bureaucrats. She pleaded
for financial and veterinary support. The LISTENING SKILL Recognizing attitudes
economic advisor to Mongolia’s president did Examples, Page 180
not have encouraging words. Uyumbottom 1. Sadness or regret
received nothing of substance. Only a pledge The future of the reindeer herders sounds

sachtienganhhanoi.com
that the government will hold a seminar on pretty uncertain.
herders’ issues at some time in the future. Still, 2. Excitement or interest
she called the trip a success. The female nomads have a lot to say about this
Uyumbottom (via interpreter): We were at issue.
least listened to. We were able to speak for 3. Disbelief or surprise
ourselves in our own voice. I’m encouraged by The number of reindeer is decreasing?
this. 4. Disagreement or denial
Narrator: There are Mongolians working to help Personally, I think the herders are going to
the herders. Marnagansarma is a government survive.
veterinarian who’s made the trek—three days Activity A., Page 181

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 7

1. He’s not going to lose his job if he doesn’t cell phone numbers. Welcome to the world of
agree to move. the high-tech nomad. Writer Joel Garreau
2. My routine is the same every day: get up, go investigated this unique breed of traveler for
to work, come home, go to bed. The Washington Post, and he sat down with us
3. They don’t have time to adjust to the new recently to tell us what he learned.
situation. Joel Garreau: Well, you know, I thought I
4. She really thinks she can just move to a new traveled a lot, but then I discovered that there
city and find a job in one day. were some people who were traveling way, way
5. Those who can’t cope with the lack of past anything that I had ever dreamed possible.
permanence are just not cut out for the life of a They basically didn’t have homes anymore. The
nomad. road was their home.
6. We’re moving today. Maxa: Tell me, what are the characteristics of a
7. You’re moving today? high-tech nomad? Do they generally have one
8. My brother and I are traveling to Mongolia kind of occupation? Are they generally men or
this summer, and we’re going to stay with some women?
nomads. Garreau: I was surprised at how many women I
Activity B., Page 181 found. I thought it would have been an awful lot
1. Morgan Kay: At least let us remember that of cranky males. The breakthrough is that these
the way we choose to live in the West is only nomads are not marginal by any means.
one way, and it’s still possible for people even They’re making 6- and 7- and 8- and 9-digit
in the 21st century to be living a subsistence, incomes. These are people who have to be
balanced lifestyle that leaves them at the mercy completely wired to the global economy all the
of natural forces that we’ve become totally time. They’re like nomads of 10,000 years ago
separate from. in that they’re kind of browsing the savannahs
2. Garreau: Well, you know, I thought I traveled of the Fortune 500.
a lot, but then I discovered that there were Maxa: And they do what for a living?
some people who were traveling way, way past Garreau: These guys have jobs that we don’t
anything that I had ever dreamed possible. They really have names for yet. There’s, uh, one guy
basically didn’t have homes anymore. who’s kind of a one-man multimedia mini-
conglomerate with a social conscience. He has
LISTENING 2 High-Tech Nomads one place in Barcelona and another in Boston.
Activity A., B., Page 183 Um, there are some of these guys who do have

sachtienganhhanoi.com
Rudy Maxa: Like that intrepid group of apartments in five or six different places, but
American tourists, most of us choose to travel when you talk to them, you realize that they’re
because we want to. We’ve come a long way basically cargo dumps with a view.
from times when we had to wander through Maxa: What other high-tech, besides the
different lands without homes living as nomads. obvious laptop and your PalmPilot, are there
Or have we? Even today when we can easily any other high-tech devices these folks carry?
interact with someone by picking up a phone or Garreau: Well, it’s only been in the last ten
logging onto a computer, some people still years that we’ve had enough wired technology
make their living constantly traveling from place to make this barely possible. It just drives them
to place. Their only addresses exist as email or nuts how many cell phones they have to carry.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 7

And of course, this is their lifeline. They’re got a wife and an 18-month-old son, and that
always looking for somebody to talk to in a 18-month-old has got elite frequent flyer status.
different time zone. [laughter] Maxa: Which means he’s flown over 25–50,000
Maxa: How do these high-tech nomads miles—
accomplish the mundane things of life like Garreau: Just all the time.
laundry and picking up mail, and where do they Maxa: —in a year.
keep all the stuff I can’t even find a place in my Garreau: He’s got apartments in St. Louis,
apartment to keep? You know, receipts and Houston, San Diego, San Francisco, New York,
family photos and tax returns. Where do they and Washington, and he moves his entire
keep all this stuff? entourage: his family, his in-laws—[laughter]
Garreau: Oh, it’s a huge problem. I mean, like, Maxa: What is the payoff? Is there a thrill? Is it
what do you do with your shirts, you know, if being a world citizen?
you’re never in a place for two nights? How do Garreau: Well, the thrill is really the idea of
you get your laundry done? One guy I talked to feeling completely plugged in. These guys tend
says that he has his shirts Federal-Expressed to to have very short attention spans on average.
his next location. Where do you get your, your And their payoff is that it’s the idea of never
Visa bill? Well it turns out that these guys have being bored. One of the great ironies of this
all of their affairs mailed to their lawyer or to lifestyle is that, you know, you ask yourself, well
their accountant or something. But still, you if these guys are so plugged in, and they can
need some kind of rootedness even if it’s inside communicate from anywhere, why bother
yourself. Esther Dyson, for example, who’s an travel at all?
investor and a kind of a technology pundit, has Maxa: Exactly. Why do you even move?
a ritual every morning. No matter how crazy the Garreau: And the great irony is that the reason
day is, she swims with her eyes closed for an they are nomads is for face-to-face contact.
hour, no matter what city she’s in, because that They feel that there’s something that we get as
is her time for herself and that’s how she stays a result of being face-to-face that is absolutely
connected to her own brain. un-reproducible no matter how evolved the
Maxa: Most people need some sense of technology is ever going to be. And that’s why
stability and connection and a sense of routine. they’re nomads.
What is it about the psyche of a high-tech Maxa: Joel, thank you so much for joining.
nomad that seems to allow him or her to put Garreau: It’s fun, Rudy.
that in abeyance?

sachtienganhhanoi.com
Garreau: That’s where I part company with PRONUNCIATION Consonant variations
these guys. I mean, I do need a base and some Examples, Page 192
roots, and they don’t have that, and I was poor
wondering just how crazy that makes you. appeal
Maxa: Give me an example of a specific high- tech
tech nomad and what his or her life might be return
like in an average week or so. cope
Garreau: Well, for example, there’s this one account
venture capitalist named Jim Woodhill, and he’s
leader

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 7

matter Activity C., Page 194

subsidy Welcome to the world of the high-tech nomad.
Writer Joel Garreau investigated this unique
question breed of traveler for The Washington Post, and
nature he sat down with us recently to tell us what he
situate learned.
gradual
SPEAKING SKILL Paraphrasing
Activity A., Page 193 Examples, Page 194
1. Garreau: One of the great ironies of this
open – opinion lifestyle is that, you know, you ask yourself, well
atom – atomic if these guys are so plugged in, and they can
intern – turn communicate from anywhere, why bother
2. travel at all?
master – matter Maxa: Exactly. Why do you even move?
lender – leader Original sentence: Discovering the nomads was
invitation – invited a surprising experience for us.
3. Paraphrase: The reporter said that finding the
grader – gradual nomads was an astonishing experience.
native – natural Paraphrase: The discovery of the nomadic
captive – capture group surprised them.
Paraphrase: The discovery of the nomads was
Activity B., Page 193 not expected.
1. aspirated
cope expand payoff policy
2. aspirated
connection crazy accomplish cycle
3. aspirated
routine elite attention tourist
4. flap
critical material ability letter
5. flap

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media pleaded nomadic advisor
6. palatalized
century future fifty culture
7. palatalized
gradual reindeer schedule individual

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

Unit 8: Environmental Studies Yuna: It sounds good to say, “Use solar energy,”
but I think we still need fossil fuels. The whole
The Q Classroom
world is set up for them.
Activity B., Page 201
Teacher: Well, we have lots of different
Teacher: Today we’re going to discuss the Unit
opinions! We’ll see if any of you change your
Question, “Where should the world’s energy
minds as we go through the unit.
come from?” Maybe we should look at the
different kinds of energy one by one. Sophy,
NOTE-TAKING SKILL Organizing notes to
what do you think about solar energy?
prepare for a debate
Sophy: I think they should use as much of it as
Activity A., Page 204
possible, and that the more it is used, the
Jack Chen: Although I agree with Emily that we
cheaper it will be. Of course, in some places it
need to reduce our consumption of fossil fuels,
may not be practical because the sun doesn’t
many scientists disagree that nuclear energy is
shine enough. But not only will it get cheaper if
the answer. Emily, you mentioned that nuclear
we use it more, but the technology for storing
energy is cleaner. That’s true if we’re only
the energy will improve. I think it has to be
talking about the consumption of energy, but
combined with other forms of energy, though.
we have to look at how the energy is produced
Teacher: How about nuclear energy? What are
and how waste is dealt with. To quote Dr. Arjun
the advantages of nuclear energy?
Makhijani, president of the Institute for Energy
Marcus: The good thing about nuclear energy is
and Environmental Research and author of
that you can make it anywhere—you don’t
Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free, “I don’t see how
need any special resources like oil or lots of
you can call nuclear power the safest of energy
sunshine. You can make a lot of energy with
sources when there are so many risks.” Data
one nuclear power plant. And it doesn’t emit
shows that the typical nuclear power plant
greenhouse gases.
could produce 20 metric tons per year of used
Felix: Of course, there’s the huge problem of
nuclear fuel, which is highly reactive. And as we
nuclear waste.
saw with, uh, Chernobyl, in 1986, nuclear
Marcus: That’s true; they haven’t solved that
accidents can happen.
yet. So, as Sophy said about solar energy, it
Activity C., Page 204
needs to be combined with other kinds of
Regan: You raise an important point, but many
energy.
scientists disagree with the notion that nuclear
Teacher: Felix, it sounds like you don’t approve
energy is somehow dangerous or that it
of nuclear energy. Where do you think the

sachtienganhhanoi.com
produces carbon emissions. In a podcast debate
world’s energy should come from?
I listened to, Dr. Patrick Moore, chair of the
Felix: First of all, I think we should use less of it.
Canadian firm Green Spirit Strategies, disagreed
We need to drive more efficient cars and run
with Dr. Makhijani. He pointed out that the fact
more efficient factories so we don’t need to use
of the matter is that not one single person in
so much energy. And then we should use a lot
North America has been injured at a nuclear
of renewable energy sources like solar and wind
power plant or died because of a radiation-
power.
related accident. My research confirmed that
Teacher: Yuna, what do you think?
this is a very well-regulated industry. Right now,
nuclear power plants supply 70 percent of the

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

emission-free electricity in the United States. It Smith: Possibly, possibly.

has a proven safety record. Shukman: How conflicted do you feel
personally as someone who says they are really
LISTENING 1 Energy: What’s the Least Worst interested in tackling climate change, but as the
Option? man who not only doesn't allow wind turbines
Activity A., C., Page 206, 207 in the park, but also stops many others around
David Shukman: Protests about power. How we the edge of the park.
get it, where it comes from. Why is everyone so Smith: Climate change is happening, we think. It
angry about energy? I’ve come to Yorkshire, a certainly seems like it is. Scientists tell us it is
land where the rocks hold rich seams of coal and we’re seeing some signs of how that’s
and where the winds race over the hills offering changing the park, but it is a slow and gradual
a very different sort of power. process.
No single kind of energy can answer all of our Shukman: It doesn't merit in your view
needs. We have a mix and the question is how plastering this place in wind turbines.
that should change. The challenge with energy Smith: We would say it doesn't merit plastering
is that each type of it has pros and cons. this place in wind turbines right now.
Burning coal gives us 40% of our electricity, it is Shukman: Even though were both a bit chilly
cheap and also very polluting. Burning gas gives because there is a very stiff cold breeze coming
us 30%. It’s much cleaner but we either import off the hills, Isn’t there?
the stuff or frack it out of the ground here in Smith: If you were a wind farm developer, you
Britain. Nuclear offers a nice, steady 20%, but it would think this is a cracking place to put
is expensive. Which leaves renewables like something potentially.
wind, it’s intermittent, there’s no pollution but Shukman: So if not wind turbines then what
who would actually want one of these right on about something more traditional? The stuff
their doorstep? that fueled the industrial revolution. Coal lies in
So, those are the choices. What do we want? a great mountain down the road at Drax in
So how to decide what’s right? Gary Smith is South Yorkshire. This is Britain's largest power
the conservation director of the Yorkshire Dales station and because coal is polluting, it is
National Park. His top priority is climate change. another target for protest. Coal is a dirty word
So he likes wind power, but just doesn't want it for environmental campaigners. Phil Garner
here. So, why do you keep objecting to wind represents the British coal industry. It’s a great
farms? day for wind isn’t it?

sachtienganhhanoi.com
Smith: Well, I think the answer to that question Garner: It is. Because there is a nice breeze, the
really is what we can see all around us here. turbines are spinning, mostly.
Shukman: You wouldn't like a lovely big 200- Shukman: Why do you think wind isn't the
turbine farm over here, but generating a lot of answer and that coal belching away behind us
power? is?
Smith: Yeah, I think as a society, you know, we Garner: Wind’s not the answer in itself. It's got
need energy. That's a given. a part to play, but it’s a minor contributor when
Shukman: But not here. But not right in this in comparison with a station like Drax. This wind
particular location. I think, uh . . . does that farm over its last 12 months generated less than
make you a NIMBY? 1% of what Drax is capable of doing.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

Shukman: And you think that’s a reason for not Linus: Civil nuclear power is the bright new
only keeping our coal stations, but actually thing that was meant to generate all our
building more of them? energy. I think this was commissioned in 1956.
Garner: Building more super-efficient ones with Shukman: It’s freezing in here isn’t it?
the ability to reduce their carbon emissions in Linus: Absolutely, bone chillingly cold.
comparison with Drax, by having more efficient Shukman: And now were right on top of the
boilers and more efficient turbines, gives you reactor . . .
the opportunity then to retrofit carbon capture Linus: . . . or was a reactor.
storage later. Shukman: What was it exactly, that, is it what
Shukman: That's down the track. You accept flipped you into being a green, pro-nuclear
that coal right now is the most polluting form of convert? I mean, you’ve been talking about
energy, isn't it? how you have been reading into the science of
Garner: Yes. climate change, for example.
Shukman: And you can't argue with that? Linus: Because if you want to deal with climate
Garner: No. change and you want to keep global
Shukman: Do you also then accept that carbon temperatures from rising to catastrophic levels,
emissions do have a role in climate change or we have to generate very large amounts of
could do? zero-carbon power.
Garner: And I think the answer to that is I don't Shukman: What about wind? What about
know. I am not totally convinced. solar?
Shukman: You don't accept the science on that? Linus: Well, wind and solar are going to be a
Garner: I’m not sure that the science is entirely major part of the solution and I would like to
proven, but equally, I’m not sure that we can see them up-scaled by 10, 100, 1000 times but
afford to ignore it. even if you do that, if you take nuclear out of
Shukman: As it goes now, that power station is the mix, you can't run the world.
chucking out a lot of carbon dioxide. Shukman: Would you be happy to have a
Garner: It is chucking out a lot of carbon dioxide nuclear power station on your own doorstep?
at the moment but equally, it is also producing Because one of the key problems with energy at
a lot affordable electricity. the moment is that nobody seems to want any
Shukman: So, if we don't want coal because it is particular type right where they are living.
too polluting or wind because we think the Linus: No, the only acceptable form of energy
turbines are an eyesore, how about nuclear? To for people is magic! People are nimby,

sachtienganhhanoi.com
explore the nuclear option, I've come to nimbyistic, if that’s a word, about everything
Hardwell in Oxfordshire, the birthplace of these days aren’t they. It could be high-speed
British nuclear power. This is the old reactor rail or wind turbines, people are against
hall. everything. If I had to have a power generating
Linus: It is amazing, isn't it? source near me, I would rather it was nuclear
Shukman: I am with Mark Linus, an rather than coal or gas, let’s put it that way.
environmentalist who now sees nuclear energy Shukman: This is one of the Government's great
as essential. hopes, home-grown gas, produced by fracturing
shale rock deep underground. But this has faced
objections too. I was in Downing Street as an

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

anti-fracking petition was delivered to the 3. Reporter: The tremendous amount of

Prime Minister. A dairy farmer Andrew garbage produced by restaurants in the San
Pemberton is worried that drilling could pollute Francisco Bay area has given rise to a research
the milk from his herd. Katherine Mcwertar led project at the University of California at Davis.
protest in Sussex. But, they don’t agree on the One of the professors there explains that gas
alternatives. production begins when the food leftovers are
Woman: We in Bolcom have said that we be we placed in a large tank. This chemical reaction in
would welcome wind turbines, you know. the lab’s tanks can result in enough electricity
Actually, I think they’re quite attractive. to power about 80 homes a day. Not only will
I have nothing against wind turbines. this project produce energy, but it will also help
Shukman: You would be happy with wind? decrease the amount of garbage in the city.
Woman: I am happy with wind. I am happy with
solar. I’m not a great fan of wind farms. I think LISTENING 2: Tapping the Energy of the Tides
... Activity A., C., Pages 210, 211–212
Shukman: What about a big nuclear power Speaker: Concerns over global warming have
station? scientists and engineers looking for cleaner
Man: No one wants nuclear, as such. alternative sources of energy. One of those
Shukman: How about a coal-fired power alternatives gaining momentum involves
station? One of those great monster ones like harnessing the energy of the ocean. Renewable
Drax. energy experts say in theory, energy from tides,
Man: No one wants anything as ugly as that. currents, and waves could double the
Shukman: Back in the Yorkshire Dales, it strikes hydropower output in the U.S., producing 20
me that we are going to need some very big percent of the nation’s electricity. But the
energy projects very soon and they’ve just got technology to capture this renewable energy is
to go somewhere. Whichever type of power in its infancy. NHPR’s Amy Quinton reports on
you choose, it is going to make someone angry. the effort in New Hampshire’s seacoast to tap
the power of the tides.
LISTENING SKILL Listening for cause and effect Jack Pare: Coming in, it hits this shore pretty
Activity B., Page 210 heavy; going out, it hits the Newington shore
1. Reporter: Ethanol is a fuel produced from pretty heavy. Uh, it is a dramatic roar. It really
corn. However, corn production requires a lot is.
of water and fertilizer. For this reason, scientists Amy Quinton: Jack Pare, a retired aerospace

sachtienganhhanoi.com
and farmers are working to develop new crops systems engineer, points to the water under the
called “energy crops” that produce energy on a General Sullivan and Little Bay Bridge in Dover.
large scale with less impact on the He says the tides here in the Piscataqua River
environment. move quickly, almost nine feet per second at its
2. Reporter: Everyone is worried about the high maximum. [nature sounds, water] Pare says
price of gasoline, so a company in Japan has engineers know how to capture that free-
come up with the new idea of using water as flowing energy, and it would be a completely
fuel. If hydrogen can be separated from the renewable source of power for the state.
water, then a generator can use the hydrogen Pare: It’s just one of many things that you have
electrons to produce electric power. to do, uh, if you want to, quote, “save the

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

planet” or otherwise cut down our carbon York. But Jack Pare points out the turbine
emissions. There’s no single magic bullet; this is, technology that works well in New York’s East
if you will . . . there’s no rifle shot, it’s a shotgun River may not be appropriate for the
effect. So this is one pellet of that shotgun Piscataqua.
effect to be able to take the top off the global Pare: Uh, we have deep-water shipping, we
warming. have harbor seals, and we have stripers and we
Quinton: Some state representatives believe have lobsters, none of which are present on
it’s an idea worth pursuing. State legislators that other site. And so there’s a little bit more
passed a bill that establishes a commission to to be careful of.
study tidal power generation here under the Quinton: Two companies currently hold federal
bridge. Representative Tom Fargo of Dover, the preliminary permits to study the feasibility of
bill’s sponsor, says unlike wind power, the tidal power in the Piscataqua. Philippe Vauthier
benefit of tidal power is its reliability. is president of one of them, the Underwater
Tom Fargo: The tide will flow until the earth Electric Kite company, based in Annapolis,
rotates no more. It’s, it’s, it’s available; we Maryland. He says his turbine technology won’t
know when it’s coming; we know from, from turn fish into fillets.
day to day and even hour to hour how much Philippe Vauthier: And, uh, we put a screen in
energy you’re going to be able to get from it; front of the turbine to protect the fish to reach
it’s very predictable. that point. Absolutely no problem. Anything
Quinton: And water is more than 800 times bigger than three-quarters of an inch is safe; it
denser than air, making it much more powerful. will be deflected.
But almost all the various technologies used to Quinton: Vauthier says smaller fish would be
capture tidal power are expensive and able to glide through unharmed. He predicts his
experimental. Only one company so far is $2.4 million project could produce 40
producing it in the United States. A little-known megawatts, or enough to power about 36,000
startup called Verdant Power has six New Hampshire homes. The other company
underwater turbines, resembling windmills, in that holds a permit—New Hampshire Tidal
the East River in New York. So far, Verdant Energy Company, owned by Oceana Energy—is
Power founder Trey Taylor says the turbines predicting a much larger power output along
power the lights in a supermarket and a parking three stretches of the river. Charles Cooper is a
garage on Roosevelt Island. technical advisor for the project.
Trey Taylor: But also, uh, inside that garage Charles Cooper: I’d be surprised if it reached,

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there are electric vehicles. There’s, there’s uh, more than 100 megawatts at the most, and
hybrid electric buses, but also there’s little that would be very optimistic. And that’s not
electric vehicles that go up and down Roosevelt trivial in the sense that it certainly can supply,
Island, something a little bit bigger than golf um, a number of end uses, but it’s not going to
carts, and those are all being plugged into our be the base load for the region.
tidal power, which I think is a pretty cool story Quinton: Cooper says Oceana’s prototype looks
in and of itself. like a large wheel about the size of a Ferris
Quinton: But Taylor has much bigger hopes. He wheel, with an open center that allows large
foresees a time when 300 of these underwater marine animals to swim through. But he adds
turbines will power about 8,000 homes in New their technology won’t work everywhere.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

Cooper: This is not really deep water. We’re not If we WANT to prevent GLObal WARming, we
dealing with water over 100 feet deep in the have to CHANGE our conSUMPtion of FOssil
Piscataqua. So if Oceana’s technology turned FUELS.
out to work best in very large-sized units that Example 3
might be, oh, I don’t know, 60, 80 feet in The BIKE-to-WORK PROgram was deSIGNED to
diameter, they wouldn’t be appropriate for the help us SAVE Energy and SHOW that we can all
Piscataqua site. aFFECT the PACE of CLImate CHANGE.
Quinton: In that case, Oceana would likely use Activity A., Page 222
another company’s technology at its sites. Both 1. CARS CAUSE SMOG.
companies say there are a lot of challenges and The CARS in Los ANgeles cause SMOG.
unknowns surrounding tidal energy in the The OLD cars on the FREEways in Los ANgeles
Piscataqua. But the permits give them three cause TOO much SMOG.
years to study the sites. What they learn will 2. WE can TRY.
also help the state decide if tidal power is worth We can TRY to SOLVE it.
pursuing. We can TRY to SOLVE the PROblem.
For NHPR News, I’m Amy Quinton. We can TRY to SOLVE the ENergy problem with
TIdal POwer.
GRAMMAR Adverb clauses Activity B., Page 222
Activity A., Page 220 A: Did you see the energy debate on TV last
1. They applied for a research grant as they night?
wanted to study alternative energy. B: No, I should have watched it, but I had to
2. Since water moves through the turbine when study for a math test. Give me the highlights.
the tide is coming in, hydroelectric power is A: Well, it was the big oil companies versus the
created. environmentalists.
3. Although fuel from crops like corn can be B: Which side had the best arguments?
turned into biofuel, the crops take up a lot of A: Both sides presented good cases. The oil
land and use a lot of water. companies had more research, but the
4. While the wind can indeed create power, the environmentalists made more compelling
winds are too intermittent, and wind power will arguments. They convinced me that some of
not solve our problem. the oil companies’ efforts are really misguided
5. Due to the fact that gas is produced when and that our reliance on fossil fuels has to end.
garbage decays, garbage can in fact be B: Was it possible to tell who won the debate?

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converted into energy. A: Not really. Because the issues are so
6. Many scientists support nuclear energy even controversial, I think it’s hard to come to any
though there are risks involved. real resolution. I recorded it, so I’m going to
watch it again.
PRONUNCIAITON Sentence rhythm B: There aren’t any easy answers; that’s for
Example 1 sure. Well, I’d like to watch that recording of
BUY GAS NOW. the debate with you. It sounds thought-
It’s too exPENsive to buy the GAS at this STAtion provoking.
toDAY. A: Sure. And I think it’ll be useful for our class
Example 2 discussion next week.

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Q2e Listening & Speaking 5: Audio Script Unit 8

sources are safe and clean. However, many

SPEAKING SKILL Debating opinions would argue that we’re working at capacity in
Activity A., Page 223 terms of hydroelectric power. More
Moderator: Thank you. I’m sure we’ll get back importantly, according to Dr. David Scott, a
to some of those points later in the discussion. professor at the University of Victoria, quote,
So, on the other side, now, Jack Chen, would “We’ve gotta be very careful about what
you please present the case against nuclear renewables can provide.”
energy?
Chen: I’d be happy to. Although I agree with
Emily that we need to reduce our consumption
of fossil fuels, many scientists disagree that
nuclear energy is the answer. Emily, you
mentioned that nuclear energy is cleaner.
That’s true if we’re only talking about the
consumption of energy, but we have to look at
how the energy is produced and how waste is
dealt with.
Regan: You raise an important point, but many
scientists disagree with the notion that nuclear
energy is somehow dangerous. The fact of the
matter is that not one single person in North
America has been injured at a nuclear power
plant or died because of a radiation-related
accident. My research confirmed that this is a
very well-regulated industry. Right now, nuclear
power plants supply 70 percent of the emission-
free electricity in the United States. It has a
proven safety record.
Chen: While I also found that at the moment,
nuclear energy is providing more power than
other non-fossil fuel sources, most experts
argue that we need to develop our renewable

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options, energy that can be replaced naturally.
Hydroelectric energy, or the energy provided by
moving water, provides 25 percent of non-fossil
fuel energy at the moment. Environmentalists
believe that we should also continue to invest in
wind and solar energy.
Moderator: Emily, what did you find out about
the benefits of these other sources?
Regan: I’d certainly agree, and scientists and
environmentalists confirm, that renewable

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