UNIT 3:

ENVIRONMENT
Vocabulary
VOCABULARY

1. Match the words to their definitions.

1. Volcano a. A building where things are made using machines

2. Acid rain b. Damage caused to nature by chemicals or waste

3. Glacier c. The mixture of gases around the Earth

4.Factory d. The measurement of heat or cold

5. To harvest e. A mountain with a hole at the top where lava come out

6. Pollution f. To explode

7. To erupt g. A large river of ice which moves slowly

8. Atmosphere h. A form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction

9. Temperature i. Rain which contains large amounts of harmful chemicals

10. Radiation j. To pick and collect crops or plants

VOCABULARY

2. Now complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words from Exercise 1.

temperature
a. In summer it can be very hot here; the……………………...can reach 40°.

pollution
b. The plants were destroyed by …………..…….. from the factory.

harvest
c. Farmers…………….…….their crops at the end of summer.

erupted
d. The volcano……………………….………and lave started to flow down the

mountain.
 VOCABULARY

1. Look at the word below. Can you make phrase or collocation for them?
Example: energy: renewable/ unrenewable energy, solar energy, energy conservation, etc.

Pollution Air Noise

N_ise Environmental
Enviromental /kənˈtrəʊl/
Pollution control Pollution
Red_ction
reduction

Power Nuclear r/
/ˈnjuː.klɪə Ultim_te
Ultimate Limited
Limitation Enormous
Enomous

Resource Major
Maj_r /ˈvaɪ.t
Vitaləl/ unlimited

Urban Ar_a
Area Development

/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
 VOCABULARY

1. Use another words or phrases to express these words and

phrase by using the given letters.

Increasing global temperature: Global Environmental

Global w_rming
warming
degradation

Environmental damage : Non-renewable

Non-renew_bleenergy

Deforestation Cut
Cutdown
downtrees illegally Forest clearance
/ˈfɒr.ɪst/ clearance

Air pollution Poor air quality

Solve H_ndle
Handle /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
mitigate Tackle
Exam Focus
Basic information - Map

The diagram will be of a building, street, village, city

or town plan

The diagram may ask you to contrast the past and

present, or the present and future

There are three main types of map question:

• Describe one map in the present day.
• Describe two maps- one in the present and one
in the future.
• Describe two maps- one in the past and one in
the present
 Skill Development - Map

The map below is of the town of

Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S)
is planned for the town. The map
shows two possible sites for the
supermarket.
Skill Development - Intro Paraphrasing

The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new

supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two
possible sites for the supermarket.

Possible Potential

Site Location

à The map shows two potential locations (S1 and S2) for a
new supermarket in a town called Garlsdon.
Skill Development - Overview

Điểm khác biệt chính của 2 địa điểm là

một nơi ở ngoại ô còn 1 nơi ở trung
tâm thành phố. Cả 2 nơi đều gần
railway, và gần đường chính.
Skill Development - Overview

differences

The main difference between the two sites is

that one is located in the countryside outside
whereas the other is in the town
the town, /ˌwerˈæz/
centre. Both potential sites are close to the
reasonably near to a main road.
railway, and r_ason_bly

similarities
Skill Development - Overview

differences

1-2 general
statements

similarities
Skill Development - Body Describe the 1st site (S1)

1. First possible site / supermarket / located / area / countryside /

north west / Garlsdon.
à The first possible site for the supermarket (S1) is
located in an area of countryside to the north west of
Garlsdon.
2. S1 / close / railway line / and / main road / connecting / Garlsdon
/ smaller town / Hindon.
à It is close to the railway line and to a main road
connecting Garlsdon to the smaller town of Hindon.
3. It / situated / near / residential housing area / Garlsdon.
à It is also situated near the residential housing area
of Garlsdon.
Skill Development - Body Useful structures

S + be located/situated in

S + be close to/far from

Skill Development - Body Describe the 2nd site (S2)

The second site (S2), by contrast, is in Garlsdon town

centre. It is also /əkˈsesəbl/
accessible by rail, but not by road
because the town centre is a no-traffic zone. Despite
this, the main roads to Cransdon, Bransdon and
Hindon are not too far away. The distance to
similar to the distance
Garlsdon’s housing area is s_mil_r
from S1 to the same area.
IELTS Writing Task 1 Structure

Introduction Overview Body 1,2

1 sentence 1-2 sentences 3-4 sentences

Differences/ Describe 1st site

Paraphrase
Similarities

Describe 2nd site

GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR MAP COMPARISON

INTRODUCTION Paraphrase the title

Overall, tell the main difference between the two maps /

OVERVIEW
two objects + what remained unchanged (if available)

As can be seen from the map, [Map in the past / present]

BODY 1
=> describe the features briefly

…., [Map in the present / future] => describe the changed

BODY 2
features and compare the differences.
PRACTICE
USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR MAP
USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR MAP

• Cut-down The forest on the

Bị chặt hạ western end of the
• Chopped down
island were chopped
Clear (to make way down to make way for
TREE / FOREST for) Bị xoá sổ a hotel
Many palms were
Planted Được trồng planted around the
villa
USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR MAP

• Constructed
A bridge across the river was
• Build Được xây lên
BRIDGE erected
• Erected
PORT
• Extended
ROAD The main road was widen to
• Expanded Được mở rộng
RAILWAY • Widen
meet the increasing demand
…… The old railway alongside the
Reopened Được khôi phục
river has been reopened
USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR MAP

• Opened up A new theme park was

Được xây
• Set up opened just opposite the
dựng
• Established shopping mall
Amenities
The cinema was
• Developed Được mở
expanded with the total
• Expanded rộng
cost of $80.000
The given maps depict several changes / modifications in
the layout of an art gallery’s ground floor between 2005 and the
present day.
 OVERVIEW
Room 1,2,3 : eastern part => do not change

The others part: several changes

 OVERVIEW
Room 1,2,3 : eastern part => do not change

The others part: several changes

Overall, while the eastern part không thay đổi theo thời
gian, the other areas trải qua nhiều sự thay đổi với sự thêm
vào và thay thế of various facilities.
Overall, while the eastern part of the gallery has remained intact over
time, the other areas has undergone significant transformations /
alternations with the additions and replacements of various facilities.
BODY 1
Originally, khách có thể vào sảnh bằng cửa
chính in the south of the building. Inside the
hall, 1 bàn lễ tân được đặt ở phía bắc gần
cuối sảnh dẫn đến cầu thang, which is now
được đổi lại cho gần cửa chính hơn. There
are 3 exhibition rooms bên tay phải of the art
gallery which remain unchanged. Tuy nhiên,
hiện tại thì đã có 1 thang máy được thêm vào
kế phòng tiênr lãm số 3.
BODY 1
Originally, visitors could enter the hall through
the entrance in the south of the building.
Inside the hall, a reception desk was placed at
the far north end leading to the staircase,
which is now relocated to a closer position to
the entrance. There are 3 exhibition rooms on
the right-hand side of the art gallery which
remain unchanged.
However, an erection of the lift is made next to the exhibition room 3 / there is now
a lift adjacent to the former stairs.
BODY 2
Những sự thay đổi đáng kể have been seen on the
left-hand side of the gallery. The exhibition room 4,
từng chiếm hết 1 góc hướng tây nam, bây giờ đã
được chia ra thành an area for children and a
temporary exhibiton. It is noticeable that quán cafe ở
góc tây bắc được đổi thành gallery shop, trong khi
gallery office thì bị phá bỏ để chổ cho máy bán hàng
tự động. Sự thay đổi cuối cùng có thể thấy là có
thêm 1 cái dốc cho xe lăng, which makes the gallery
become more accessible to the disabled.
BODY 2
The major changes have been seen on the left-
hand side of the gallery. The exhibition room 4, which
used to occupy the entire southwestern corner, is
now split into an area for children and a temporary
exhibiton. It is noticeable that the coffee shop in the
northwest is converted into the gallery shop, while
the removal of the gallery office is taken place for
a new vending machine.

The final change made to the layout of the ground floor is the additional ramp for
wheelchairs, which makes the gallery become more accessible to the disabled.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

The two maps illustrate / depict

the difference of the island,
before and after being
constructed for tourism
purposed.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

SAMPLE OVERVIEW
Overall, the new construction has
allowed visitors to access the island
by sea and provides them with
accommodation.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

o Nhìn chung, trước khi xây dựng thì hòn

đảo chỉ có những cây dừa. (palm trees)
o After the renovation thì hòn đảo đã trở
thành một điểm đến du lịch với rất nhiều
thay đổi đáng chú ý.
o Bên cạnh đó, mảnh đất ban đầu cũng
được converted into đường đi và đường
cho phương tiện di chuyển
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

Overall, before the construction, this

island only contained palm trees.
However, after the renovation, this
island turned into a tourist destination
with many remarkable changes
including accommodations, buildings.
Also, the land was converted into
footpaths and a vehicle tracks.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.
• According to the maps, trước khi được xây
dựng lại, đây chỉ là một còn đảo cô lập với
cây cối.
• Ở giữa hòn đảo, có hai accommodation areas
riêng biệt được xây lên sau đó, với khu vực lễ
tân và nhà hàng nằm giữa.
• Another footpath was constructed dẫn đến
bãi biển phía tây hòn đảo (in order for the
tourist to swim)
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

According to the maps, before the

refurbishment, the island was only an isolated
island with trees only. In the central part of the
island, two separated accommodation areas
were then built, with the reception area and
restaurant located between these two areas.
Another footpath was constructed leading to the
beach on the western part of the island (in order
for the tourist to swim)
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.
• Lối đi vào hòn đảo được tạo nên từ
the construction of pier, để khách du
lịch đến tham quan bằng tàu.
• A vehicle track sau đó nối pier với
khu vực lễ tân.
• It would round the reception area and
continue a short distance to the
restaurant.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

Access to the island was made by the

construction of pier, for tourist to land
safely by boat. A vehicle track then
linked the pier with the reception area. It
would round the reception area and
continued a short distance to the
restaurant.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.

[Sample 2] On the south of the island, a

pier has emerged, which allows boats to
dock. From there, visitors are transported to
the reception by vehicles on a designated
track. On the west of the island, the beach
has now been turned into a swimming area,
where guests can conveniently access
using the footpath.
Basic Information - Process

Describe each important stage in the process

and expand where necessary

Link your descriptions of each stage

Use the present simple passive

GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR SINGLE DIAGRAM

INTRODUCTION Paraphrase the title

Overall, there are + number of stages / steps

OVERVIEW
beginning with….. and ending with……

BODY 1
Divide the steps into 2 bodies and describe
BODY 2
GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR 2 DIAGRAMS

The first diagram illustrates…., and the second

INTRODUCTION
diagram indicates….

Overall, there are + number of stages / steps in the

OVERVIEW process 1 while there are + number of stages / steps
in the process 2

BODY 1 Process 1: According to the first diagram,….

BODY 2 Process 2: In terms of the second diagram,….

USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR PROCESS
STEP EXPRESSING PHRASES EXAMPLE

To start • In the first step,….

• At the first stage of the paper-recycling process,
the
• At the first stage of….. recycled paper is collected
process
• At the following stage, the pulp is poured into a
shallow tray and some water is also added. This is
• At the following stage / followed by… followed by a hand-mixing process.
• In the next / subsequent step,…. • The mixture is soaked for an hour. Subsequently,
Following the mixture is beaten for about 45 seconds until a
steps • After that,…. pulp is formed .
• The proces continue with… • At the subsequent stage of the process, the
mixture is soaked for an hour.
• Once • Once it is ready, the pulp is poured into a shallow
tray
USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR PROCESS
STEP EXPRESSING PHRASES EXAMPLE

• While the mixture of sand and soda is being heated, some

Steps other chemicals are added to create various colours.
• While
happening • The mixture of sand and soda is heated. At the same time,
• At the same time,….
at the same some other chemicals are added to create various colours
• During
time • During its entire life cycle, salmon have lived in both
freshwater and saltwater
• The final process / step is
To end the
that…
process
• The process finishes with
Practice - Process

The first diagram illustrates the

process of cement manufacture,
and the second diagram
indicates the materials that go
into the production of concrete.
Practice - Process

• How many stage are there in the

first diagram?
• How many ingredients does it
need to produce concrete?
Practice - Process
Analyze:
• What happens in the first stage
• What happens to the powder
next
• After heating, what is
produced?
• What happens to the final
cement