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Linux Lab3

The document provides instructions and examples for various scripting tasks in Linux/Bash including: - Creating a script to make directories and files in a specific numbered format - Storing command outputs in variables - Writing a script to check if a given path is a file, directory, or invalid - Examples of RPM package management commands - An assignment with 10 questions to write Bash scripts for various system querying and file/permission management tasks

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Saket Bande
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111 views5 pages

Linux Lab3

The document provides instructions and examples for various scripting tasks in Linux/Bash including: - Creating a script to make directories and files in a specific numbered format - Storing command outputs in variables - Writing a script to check if a given path is a file, directory, or invalid - Examples of RPM package management commands - An assignment with 10 questions to write Bash scripts for various system querying and file/permission management tasks

Uploaded by

Saket Bande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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[Lab]

Create a script for the following task


Hint: [root@localhost scripts]# for i in {2..5};do touch file$i;done

Make 100 directories name test1 to 100


Each directory should have a file in the following manner:
• test1 should have file1
• test2 should have file2
.
.
.
• test100 should have file100

Each file should have the content in the following manner:


• file1 should have content 'This is file1'
• file2 should have content 'This is file2'
.
.
.
• file100 should have content 'This is file100'
-----
#!/bin/bash

#Comment: create multiple dir with files and content in it

#!/bin/bash

#Remove test dir if created already


rm -rf test*

#create 100 dir


mkdir test{1..100}

#defining loop for range 1-100


for i in {1..100}
do
cd test$i
echo "This is file$i" > file$i
cd ..

done
-----
How to put output of a command in variable
------------------------------------------
var=$(command)

[root@localhost scripts]# date


Sat May 29 13:06:32 IST 2021

Here we are redirecting the output of date command in to var


[root@localhost scripts]# var=$(date)
[root@localhost scripts]# echo $var
Sat May 29 13:06:57 IST 2021

Concept
--------
If the command o/p is null the variable will be blank or 0, else it will be non
zero

Script ques continued...


------------------------
[root@localhost scripts]# cat user-id-info.sh
#!/bin/bash

##This script will ask for username and print its username:userid
#concepts to learn in this script
#you will get to now how scripts take input from user
#you will get to know how to put command's o/p in a variable
#you will get to know the usage of if-else loop
#you will get to learn the logic of writing a script
#you will get to know the file for user info

read -p "Enter the username: " usr

myvar=$(cat /etc/passwd | awk -F':' '{print $1,$3}' | grep "$usr")

if [[ -n $myvar ]]
then
echo "$myvar"
else
echo "user not found"
fi

[ryan tutorials] - https://ryanstutorials.net/bash-scripting-tutorial/

Alias command
-------------
used to give canonical names to the commands
for ex: ll is also ls -l

alias cp='cp -i'


alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-
tilde'

-------
[root@localhost ~]# alias scr='ls /root/editiss/scripts'
[root@localhost ~]# scr
for.sh script1.sh user-id-info.sh
-------
[Aman G] 9516688917
useradd in Ubuntu - because it does not create home for that user.
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Create a script that asks for a path and tell if the entered path is a file or
directroy or doesnt exist.

[root@localhost scripts]# cat file_or_dir.sh


#!/bin/bash

#Take a path and check if it's a file or dir

read -p "Enter the path: " path

if [[ -f $path ]]
then
echo "$path --> file"
elif [[ -d $path ]]
then
echo "$path --> directory"
else
echo "$path --> invalid"

fi

--
[Vrushali] https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_07_01.html

[root@localhost scripts]# ./file_or_dir.sh


Enter the path: /etc/passwd
/etc/passwd --> file
[root@localhost scripts]# ./file_or_dir.sh
Enter the path: frog
frog --> invalid
--
RPM

RPM - Redhat package manager


Every utility in linux can be called as package (*.rpm)
Install the package
Once the package is installed, a service is created

Location of packages (*.rpm)


----------------------------
[root@localhost Packages]# pwd
/run/media/lavish/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages
[root@localhost Packages]# find / -name 'Packages'
/run/media/lavish/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages

Installing a package via rpm


----------------------------
rpm -ivh <package name>
i - install
v - verbose
h - hash marking

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh aide-0.15.1-13.el7.x86_64.rpm


warning: aide-0.15.1-13.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID
f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:aide-0.15.1-13.el7 ################################# [100%]

To find out if a package is installed or not on the system - we use command: rpm -
qa | grep <package name>
q - query
a - all
so , it queries amongst all the installed packages and finds your own package

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qa | grep aide


aide-0.15.1-13.el7.x86_64

What is AIDE - AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment)

[Assignment Ques]

1. Write a script that performs following operations on the given set of files?

a) displays the total count of files


b) displays the count of *.pdf files and *.docx
c) rename all *.pdf to *.docx
d) displays the count of *.pdf files and *.docx
e) displays only those files which have underscore '_' in their names

msexchange.qlv
Necessary Compliance Violations.docx
New Doc 12-23-2020 16.51.pdf
Open Cases.csv
OPS-94632_new.tar
OS-Windows.pdf
QQL.json
Ransomware.docx
Red_Hat Reference Guide.pdf
Script Analysis.xlsx
Script page.jpg
SolarWinds_Supply-Chain_Attack_UDdashboard.json
Splunk_PC_App.png
Splunk_VM_App.png
Studio_Malware_July_2013.xlsx
Troubleshooting Agent Permission Issues for Windows.pdf
UDC_Demo_20210106.xml
Video 2020-11-10 at 7.12.43 PM.mp4
VMware-workstation-full-15.5.5-16285975.exe
VMware-workstation-full-16.0.0-16894299.exe
WhatsApp Image 2020-11-05 at 2.47.06 PM.jpeg
win.txt

2. Write a script that displays the user information on the linux box in the
following format:
Username Shell assigned to that user
3. Create ascript that asks for a username and displays it's group name
4. Create a script that asks for a file name and dislays its permission
5. Create a script that asks for a directory name and dislays its permission
6. Create a script that displays only those users whose UID > 1000
7. Create a script that asks for username and checks if that user is a sudoer
8. Create a script that asks for a processname and didplays it's PID
9. Create a script that:
- creates a dir 'test' with 100 files in it 'file{1..100}'
- provides executable permissions to others for file 1-50
- displays the name of all world executable files
- changes their permission to world-readable only
- displays the name of all world readable files woith permissions
10. Create a script that asks for a username and displays all the files owned by
that user.

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