Tutorial 1: Fundamentals of Wireless Digital communication
Group 1:
1. A system with digital signaling is operated at 4800 bits per second. If the
signal element encodes a 4-bit word, what is the minimum required
bandwidth?
2. A signal g(t) is given by the expression g(t)=sin At/πt. Determine the nyquist
frequency for sampling this signal.
3. If the correlation is to find out between two signals x[n]=[-1,0,1] and y[n]=[-
1,0,1], what is the expected result? If the order of correlation is changed, will
we get any difference in the result?
Group 2:
4. In a multilevel signaling, if the number of discrete signal or voltage levels is
8 in a MODEM and bandwidth is of 4kHz, find out the channel capacity. If
the data rate is increased by increasing the number of signaling elements, for
a given bandwidth, what will be the expected changes? Comment on it.
5. What is the least sampling sampling rate required to sample the signal
f(t)=sin3(ωt)? Show graphically the effect caused by reduction of sampling
rate, falling below the nyquist rate.
6. If x(n) and h(n) are equal to [-1,0,1]. Find out the convolution between x(n)
and h(n) and also between h(n) and x(n). Is the order of convolution
important? Why?
Group 3:
7. A channel bandwidth is 2MHz and SNR=25dB. Using Shannon’s formula,
find out the channel capacity. If we assume that we can achieve this limit
based on the nyquist formula, find out the number of signaling levels
required.
8. The spectral range of a modulated signal extends from 1MHz to 1.2MHz.
Find out the minimum sampling rate and maximum sampling time.
9. Evaluate the convolution integral sin t u(t)*u(t).
Group 4:
10.If the bit rate is to be maintained to 10Mbps, what modifications should be
made in the system to cope up with the SNR variations between 10dB to
20dB.
11.Determine the energy spectral density of the square pulse s(t)=rect(t/T),
where rect(t/T)=1; for and equals zero elsewhere. Calculate the
normalized energy Es in the pulse.
12. If g(t)*f(t)=c(t), then show that g(t-T1)*f(t-T2)=c(t-T1-T2).
Group 5:
13.If square pulses, each of duration 0.05µsec, are to be transmitted at a carrier
frequency of 100MHz, what will be the shape of the spectrum? According to
this spectrum, find out the
a. Null to null (significant bandwidth)
b. Fractional power containment bandwidth
c. Bounded power spectral density
d. Absolute bandwidth
Hint:
Fractional power containment bandwidth: According to FCC rules,
the occupied bandwidth is the band that levels exactly 0.5% of the signal
power above the upper band limit and exactly 0.5% of the signal power
below the lower band limit. Thus, 99% of the signal power is inside the
occupied bandwidth.
Bounded power spectral density: Typical attenuation level might be 35
or 50dB.
Absolute bandwidth: It is the interval between frequencies beyond
which the spectrum is zero. However, for all realizable waveforms,
absolute bandwidth is infinite.
14.Show that an arbitrary function s(n) can be represented by a sum of even
function se(n) and odd function s0(n). i.e. s(n)= se(n)+ s0(n).
15.Find the autocorrelation function s(t)=A cos(2πfct+ϴ) in terms of its period
Tc=1/fc. Using this result, find out the autocorrelation function of waveform
s(t)=5cos5t+10cos10t.
