Embedded System Introduction
ANDES Confidential WWW.ANDESTECH.COM
Embedded System vs Desktop
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相同點
CPU
Storage
I/O
相異點
Desktop
‧可執行多種功能
‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為複雜
Embedded System
‧執行特定功能
‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為簡單
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System Layer
Application Application
Operating System Operating System
Firmware Firmware Firmware
Hardware Hardware Hardware
Desktop computer Complex embedded Simple embedded
computer computer
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Hardware Architecture
Desktop Computer System Hardware Architecture
CPU
AGP Slot North Bridge Memory
PCI Interface
USB Interface South Bridge IDE Interface
System BIOS ISA Interface Super IO Port
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Hardware Architecture
Embedded System Computer Hardware Architecture
ADC CPU SPI
Digital I/O ROM IIC
Host RAM Timers
Computer UART
Bus Interface Memory
Network
Interface I/O
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What is the Embedded System?
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Introduction
Challenges in embedded system design.
Design methodologies.
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Embedded System ?
• An embedded system is a special-purpose
computer system designed to perform one or a
few dedicated functions
• with real-time computing constraints
• include hardware, software and mechanical
parts
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Embedding a computer
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Components of an embedded system
Characteristics
Low power
Closed operating environment
Cost sensitive
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Components of an embedded system
I/O Devices
Remote
user Processing Units
interface Comm. (microprocessors,
link microcontrollers, Storage Media
DSP’s, ASIC’s)
Data server
(e.g., CIM host)
Local Local
user memory
interface
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Embedded Processor
How To Design A Good Embedded Processor?
Understand the functional requirements of the
applications
Know all the related design techniques
• Software
– C/C++
– Assembly
• Hardware
– Verilog/VHDL
– PCB
Select those features you want, and abandon those
that you don’t need
Evaluate the design, goal: either the fastest possible for
future expansion reasons, or slowest possible for cost
reasons
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The processing units (1/2)
Microprocessor vs. Microcontrollers
Meeting the I/O needs
Software development platform
Operating system support
Operating system popularity (e.g., Windows CE,
Embedded Linux)
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The processing units (2/2)
DSP’s vs. generic processors
Computation capability
Dedicated hardware for sophisticated algorithms, e.g.,
FFT
I/O capability
Software development platform
Multi-processor support
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Applications
Personal digital assistant
Printer
GPS
Cell phone
Automobile: engine, brakes, etc.
Television
Set-Top Box
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Embedded Systems Connect Your Life
Consumer
Electronics
Domain
Media Center PC
BT Keyboard
& Mouse
Digital Cable
Ready TV
Media Phone
PC Media Player Cable STB `
DVD+PVR
Printer HDTV
Camera
802.11 MP3 Game System
Router IP Home Stereo
Player
Network BT Stereo HS
Storage Notebook PC Mobile
Phone
VoIP
Phone
MAC
Internet
Page 17 PC Domain
ANDES Confidential
Embedded Systems Connect Your Life (cont.)
Page 18
Characteristics of Embedded Systems (1/2)
Sophisticated functionality.
Real-time operation.
Low cost.
Low power.
Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.
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Characteristics of Embedded Systems (2/2)
Sophisticated functionality.
Real-time operation.
Low cost.
Low power.
Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.
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Three key embedded system technologies
Technology
A manner of accomplishing a task, especially using
technical processes, methods, or knowledge
Three key technologies for embedded systems
Processor technology
IC technology
Design technology
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An embedded system example -- a digital
camera
Digital camera chip
CCD
CCD preprocessor Pixel coprocessor D2A
A2D
lens
JPEG codec Microcontroller Multiplier/Accum
DMA controller Display ctrl
Memory controller ISA bus interface UART LCD ctrl
• Single-functioned -- always a digital camera
• Tightly-constrained -- Low cost, low power, small, fast
• Reactive and real-time -- only to a small extent
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Thank You
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