Data Sheet: Diskonchip 2000 Dip
Data Sheet: Diskonchip 2000 Dip
January 2002
Features
Single-chip plug-n-play flash disk
Low power, single 3.3V or 5V power
supply
16MB to 576MB capacity (1GB in 2002)
Pinout and structure compatible with
DiskOnChip Millennium DIP 8MB
Simple, easy-to-integrate interface
32-pin DIP, JEDEC standard,
EEPROM-compatible pinout
8KB sized memory window Applications
Boot OS capability Embedded systems
Embedded TrueFFS software provides: Internet access devices
— Full hard disk read/write emulation Internet set-top boxes/ITV, Web browsers
— Third-generation wear leveling WBT, thin clients, network computers
— Automatic block management Routers, networking
Operates with DiskOnChip SDK in Web phones, car PCs, DVD, HPC
OS-less environments, ANSI-C source
Point of sale, industrial PCs
code kit
Telecom, medical
Error Detection and Correction
(EDC/ECC) for higher data reliability
Low power consumption – Static
Operation
Broad OS support: DOS, Windows
NT4.0/5.0, Windows CE, BE, pSOS+,
QNX, VxWorks, and others
Compatible with major processors: x86,
MediaGX, Geode SCxxxx, PowerPC, 68K,
MIPS, SHx, StrongARM, and others
Table of Contents
1 General Description................................................................................................................... 4
2 Detailed Feature List.................................................................................................................. 5
TrueFFS Technology............................................................................................................................ 5
Low Power Consumption ..................................................................................................................... 5
Temperature Range ............................................................................................................................. 5
Easy to Integrate .................................................................................................................................. 6
Robust Error Correction ....................................................................................................................... 6
High Reliability...................................................................................................................................... 6
High Speed........................................................................................................................................... 6
Compatibility with 8MB DiskOnChip Millennium Series ....................................................................... 6
Broad Support for Operating Systems and Processors ....................................................................... 6
Portable Solution – Shorter Time to Market ......................................................................................... 7
Complete Solution ................................................................................................................................ 7
1 General Description
The DiskOnChip 2000 product line is the second-generation of M-Systems’ DiskOnChip series of
products. The 2000 series provides a small, single-chip, solid-state flash disk in a standard 32-pin
DIP package. Combining a disk controller with flash memory on a single chip, DiskOnChip 2000 is
the solution where minimal weight, space, and power consumption are essential. In consequence, the
2000 series finds use today in a wide range of products, such as information appliances, set-top
boxes, thin clients, thin servers, network computers, and embedded, portable computers.
By placing DiskOnChip 2000 in a standard socket, physical space requirements are reduced. Unlike
standard IDE drives, no cables or extra space are required. DiskOnChip 2000 has no moving parts,
resulting in significantly decreased power consumption and increased reliability. It is easy to use and
reduces integration overhead. DiskOnChip 2000 is therefore a very attractive alternative to
conventional hard and floppy disk drives.
Using TrueFFS technology, DiskOnChip 2000 delivers full hard disk emulation. As such, the design
and integration stages can be considerably reduced, thereby enabling very fast time-to-market and
ease of production. Combined with its very attractive cost structure, DiskOnChip 2000 is a superior
alternative to resident flash array (RFA).
DiskOnChip 2000 products are available in capacities ranging from 16MB to 576MB. In addition,
they are 100% pinout and software compatible with the DiskOnChip Millennium DIP 8MB package.
In future versions, the capacity will be dramatically increased (up to 1GB during 2002). Since the
same pinout will be retained, the socket on the target platform will not have to be changed to
accommodate the larger capacities.
DiskOnChip technology provides broad support for all major operating systems and processors in the
market, enabling it to be readily integrated with any architecture.
DiskOnChip 2000 is shipped as a plug-and-play device that is fully tested and formatted, and
programmed with a DOS driver. Future driver, software or content upgrades, or formatting, can be
made on-board or off-board using DiskOnChip utilities and accessories provided by M-Systems.
Temperature Range
DiskOnChip 2000 is available in both commercial (0 ºC to +70 ºC) and extended (-40 ºC to +85 ºC)
temperature ranges.
* DiskOnChip 2000 192MB and 576MB capacities are available only for commercial temperature ranges.
Easy to Integrate
Fast integration is ensured by the following DiskOnChip 2000 features:
• Compatibility with standard EEPROM DIP pinout
• Support for local bus and ISA bus interface
• Small memory map window size – only 8KB
• Static operation – no clock required
• 16mA output drive (18mA at 3.3V)
High Reliability
DiskOnChip 2000 can be inserted into standard DIP sockets, eliminating the need for mechanical
disk drives, bulky ribbon cables and connectors. The design of DiskOnChip 2000 ensures high
reliability even when subjected to levels of shock, vibration, and temperature changes that would
destroy a conventional magnetic disk drive.
High Speed
DiskOnChip 2000 implements an integrated architecture for data transfers, which eliminates
bottlenecks typical in this area. Additionally, it doubles read performance and significantly improves
write performance, in comparison to competitive alternatives. DiskOnChip 2000 can sustain system
write speeds of over 550KB per second, read speeds of more than 1.4MB per second (measured in
ISA no wait state environment) and read/write burst transfer rates of nearly 5MB per second.
In addition, leading operating systems such as Windows CE and Tornado, offer native support for the
DiskOnChip family of products for easy integration.
For OS-less applications and customized solutions, M-Systems offers its DiskOnChip TrueFFS SDK,
an ANSI-C source code kit designed specifically to support these environments.
The DiskOnChip family of products is compatible with all major processors, supporting popular
processors such as x86, 68K, MediaGx, Geode SCxxxx, PowerPC, MIPS, SHx, StrongARM, and
many others.
Complete Solution
The DiskOnChip 2000 series offers a full flash disk solution that includes different voltage and
temperature options, software drivers tailored to your operating system, data sheets, application
support and online email support.
Using DiskOnChip evaluation boards (EVB), you can develop your software before the target
hardware is ready.
The DiskOnChip GANG Programmer reduces your production time, and facilitates fast response
time to application software changes during production stages.
In all, DiskOnChip offers a complete set of tools for delivering a complete solution whenever your
application can use a flash disk.
A[12:0]
D[7:0]
CE#
4.2 Software
DiskOnChip 2000, under control of TrueFFS, is accessed using standard file system calls like any
other block device. Applications can write to and read from any sector on DiskOnChip 2000, which
is compatible with all diagnostic utilities, applications and file systems.
The flash memory within DiskOnChip 2000 is accessed by TrueFFS through an 8KB window in the
CPU’s memory space. TrueFFS handles the paging of this window in the flash array, as well as
providing flash disk emulation that includes flash table management, wear leveling, mapping out bad
blocks, and background space reclamation of unused flash blocks.
The same 8KB address space will be retained in future versions of DiskOnChip 2000 that offer
greater capacities.
Extended
Memory
0FFFFFh 1MB
BIOS
0F0000h
DiskOnChip 8KB
0C8000h
Display
0A0000h 640KB
RAM
After reset, the BIOS executes the POST (Power On Self-Test), and then searches for all expansion
ROM devices. When DiskOnChip 2000 is found, the BIOS executes the Initial Program Loader
(IPL) code located in the boot-block area of DiskOnChip 2000. This code loads the TrueFFS driver
into system memory, installs DiskOnChip 2000 as a disk in the system, and then returns control back
to the BIOS code. The operating system subsequently attempts to identify disks that are available and
the DiskOnChip 2000 software (TrueFFS) responds by emulating a hard disk.
From this point onward, DiskOnChip 2000 is identified by the system as a standard disk drive. It is
assigned a drive letter and it can be used by any software application. No BIOS setup modifications,
autoexec.bat/config.sys modifications or external software are required.
• DiskOnChip 2000 can be used as the only disk in the system, in which case it will be accessed as
drive [C:].
• DiskOnChip 2000 can operate with or without a floppy drive, or with additional hard disks. When
working with a hard disk, DiskOnChip 2000 can be configured as the last drive (the default
configuration). In this case, the hard disk will be drive [C:] and DiskOnChip 2000 will be drive
[D:].
• DiskOnChip 2000 can also be configured as the first drive. In this case, the hard disk will be drive
[D:] and DiskOnChip 2000 will be drive [C:].
• DiskOnChip 2000 can be used as the boot device when configured as drive [C:]. In this
configuration, you must format DiskOnChip 2000 as a bootable device by copying the OS files
onto the disk. When running DOS, use the SYS command for this purpose.
5.1 Low-Profile
Model Formatted Sectors Formatted Capacity Sectors under DOS
Capacity under DOS 6.22 6.22
(bytes) (bytes)
MD2202-D16 16,375,808 31,984 16,324,608 31,884
MD2200-D24 24,592,384 48,032 24,516,608 47,884
MD2202-D32 32,800,768 64,064 32,724,992 63,916
MD2202-D48 49,233,920 96,160 49,092,608 95,884
MD2202-D64 65,683,456 128,288 65,525,760 127,980
MD2202-D96 98,566,144 192,512 98,390,016 192,168
MD2202-D192 197,279,744 381,300 103,829,024 385,280
5.2 High-Profile
Model Formatted Sectors Formatted Capacity Sectors under DOS
Capacity under DOS 6.22 6.22
(bytes) (bytes)
MD2203-D80 82,116,608 160,384 81, 989, 632 160,136
MD2203-D112 114,999,296 224,608 114, 786, 304 224,192
MD2203-D144 147,881,984 288,832 147, 578, 880 288,240
MD2203-D160 164,331,520 320,960 164, 151, 296 320,608
MD2203-D192 197,214,208 385,184 196, 980, 736 384,728
MD2203-D224 230, 031, 360 449, 280 229, 584, 896 448, 408
MD2203-D256 262, 930, 432 513, 536 262, 647, 808 512, 984
MD2203-D288 295, 796, 736 577,728 295, 624, 704 577,392
MD2203-D576 591, 790, 080 1,142,970 311, 427, 072 1,155,776
6 Theory of Operation
VCC
GND
CE#
WE#
System Flash
OE# Interface Control
Flash
D[0:7]
A[0:12]
DiskOnChip 2000 appears to the system’s hardware as a standard EEPROM, via the System
Interface block. The host cycles are passed to the Flash Control block, to be written to or read from
the flash device.
To ensure the highest level of reliability, each cycle is monitored by the EDC/ECC (Error Detection
and Correction) block. In write cycles, the EDC/ECC block generates a syndrome for every sector
that contains data, which is stored in the flash together with the sector. When the sector is read, the
syndrome is regenerated for the data and compared with the original syndrome. When a mismatch is
detected, it is repaired.
The boot block is responsible for answering the BIOS expansion search in PC architectures. After the
BIOS identifies DiskOnChip 2000 as a valid BIOS expansion device, it executes the code stored in
the boot block. The BIOS then loads the TrueFFS software from the flash memory into the host
memory, delivering full disk capabilities to the operating system. This code is identical for all
DiskOnChip 2000 capacities, since TrueFFS automatically detects the memory capacity of
DiskOnChip 2000.
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Symbol 3.3V Model Rating1 5V Model Rating1 Units Notes
DC supply VCCS -0.5 to 4.6 -0.3 to 6.0 V
voltage
Input pin VIN -0.5 to VCC + 0.3 -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V
voltage2
Input pin IIN Not Specified -10 to 10 mA +25 °C
current
Note 1: Permanent device damage may occur if absolute maximum ratings are exceeded. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 2: The voltage on any pin may undershoot to -2.0V or overshoot to Vcc+2.0V for periods <20ns.
7.2 Capacitance
Symbol Parameter Conditions 3.3V Model Rating 5V Model Rating Unit
CI/O Input/Output MD2200/2, VIN = 0V 12 15 pF
Capacitance MD2203, VIN = 0V 36 45 pF
7.5 Humidity
10% - 90% relative, non-condensing
7.6 EDC/ECC
Enhanced Reed-Solomon:
• Corrects up to two 10-bit symbols, including two random bit errors.
• Corrects single bursts of up to 11 bits.
• Detects single bursts of up to 31 bits and double bursts of up to 11 bits.
• Detects up to 4 random bit errors.
MD2203 ±30 µA
MD2203 ±30 µA
A[0..12]
CE#
THO(CE1) TSU(CE0) TSU(CE1)
THO(CE0)
OE#
TACC TREC
WE#
TEN(D) TDIS(D)
D[0..7]
Note 1: CE# may be asserted any time before or after OE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after OE#, all timing relative to
OE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted.
Note 2: CE# may be negated any time before or after OE# is negated. If CE# is negated before OE#, all timing relative to
OE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
A[0..12]
THO(CE1)
CE#
THO(CE0) TSU(CE1)
THO(CE0)
OE#
TW (WE) TREC
WE#
TSU(D) THO(D)
D[0..7]
Note 1: CE# may be asserted any time before or after WE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after WE#, all timing relative to
WE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted.
Note 2: CE# may be negated any time before or after WE# is negated. If CE# is negated before WE#, all timing relative
to WE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
8 Mechanical Dimensions
High-Profile
MD2203
Millimeters (max.)
A 45.6
B 18.8
C 2.54
D 15.24
E 13.5
F 4.0
G 0.51
H 38.2
10 Ordering Information
MD2200-DCC-V-T (Low-Profile)
CC: Capacity (MB) 24
V: Supply Voltage Blank 5V
V3 3.3V
T: Temperature Range (optional) Blank Commercial: 0 °C to +70 °C
X Extended: -40 °C to +85 °C
MD2202-DCCC-V-T (Low-Profile)
CC: Capacity (MB) 16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 192*
V: Supply Voltage Blank 5V
V3 3.3V
T: Temperature Range (optional) Blank Commercial: 0 °C to +70 °C
X Extended: -40 °C to +85 °C
MD2203-DCCC-V-T (High-Profile)
CCC: Capacity (MB) 80, 112, 144, 160, 192, 224, 256, 288, 576*
V: Supply Voltage Blank 5V
V3 3.3V
T: Temperature Range (optional) Blank Commercial: 0 °C to +70 °C
X Extended: -40 °C to +85 °C
* DiskOnChip 2000 DIP 192MB and 576MB capacities are available only for commercial temperature ranges.
11 Additional Information
Document/Tool Description
DiskOnChip Utilities DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual
DiskOnChip Quick Installation DiskOnChip Quick Installation Guide
Guide
AP-DOC-010 Application Note: Designing with DiskOnChip DIP
AP-DOC-016 Application Note: Using DiskOnChip with QNX
AP-DOC-020 Application Note: DiskOnChip Boot Developers Kit
AP-DOC-030 Application Note: Designing DiskOnChip Millennium in
RISC Environment
AP-DOC-031 Application Note: Designing with DiskOnChip
Millennium in a PC Environment
AP-DOC-039 Application Note: Onboard Programming of the
DiskOnChip Millennium
AP-DOC-047 Application Note: Designing DiskOnChip as a Flash
Disk & Boot Device Replacement
IM-DOC-017 Installation Manual: Using DiskOnChip with Windows
CE
IM-DOC-021 Installation Manual: Using DiskOnChip with Linux O/S
IM-DOC-022 Installation Manual: Using DiskOnChip with VxWorks
DiskOnChip TrueFFS SDK Product DiskOnChip TrueFFS SDK Product Brief
Brief
DiskOnChip DIP EVB DiskOnChip DIP Evaluation Board
DiskOnChip GANG Programmer DiskOnChip 1+8 DIP GANG Programmer
How to Contact Us
http://www.m-sys.com
Internet:
info@m-sys.com
E-mail:
Japan Office:
M-Systems Japan Inc.
Arakyu Bldg., 5F
2-19-2 Nishi-Gotanda Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo 141-0031
Phone: +81-3-5437-5739
Fax: +81-3-5437-5759
M-Systems assumes no responsibility for the use of the material described in this document.
Information contained herein supersedes previously published specifications on this device from
M-Systems. M-Systems reserves the right to change this document without notice.